Breeding method and maintenance knowledge of family iron tree

Iron trees are botanically called cycads, alias Phoenix-tailed bananas, plantains, fire-avoiding plantains, belonging to the cycads family and evergreen trees of the cycads genus. It originated in south-central China, India, Japan and Indonesia, and originated in East and Southeast Asia. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and other places are widely cultivated. North China, Northwest and other places as potted plants for indoor viewing. Cycads like sunshine, dry and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant, good fertilizer, like sandy soil, slow growth.

Iron tree in the place of origin can be up to 8 meters high, indoor potted up to 3 meters high, the stem is thick cylindrical, no branches, there are thick leaf marks, the formation of fish scale. The leaf cluster is born at the top of the stem and is a large pinnate compound leaf, about 1 meter long. Leaflets linear, leathery, tip hard, dark green glossy, leaf margin revolute. Every spring, the old leaves fall off one after another; the flowers are unisexual, born at the top of the stem, dioecious, and the male flowers are spirally arranged in the shape of a pineapple, covered with pilose hairs, fresh yellowish at the beginning and brown after maturity. The female flower is larger, with many palmate scales, flattened in shape and gradually divided into a pine tower. Cycads rarely bloom, 20-or 30-year-old trees can blossom, so it is called "Millennium Iron Tree flowering", flowering from June to August.

The iron tree is mainly cultivated by tillers, and it can also be sown or cut.

Sowing and breeding:

In October, the iron tree seeds or full seeds of no more than two years were collected, soaked in warm water of about 50 ℃ for 24 hours, then soaked in dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, then rinsed with clean water, changed water every other day when soaking the seeds, after the seed coat was completely swollen and softened, the outer seed coat was peeled off manually, the pulp was washed, the seeds were dried, and then stored. Seed sand storage treatment was carried out around December. Because of its thick and hard seed skin, it can be treated by variable temperature method and finally stored in sand. Use clean sandy loam, river sand, perlite and other materials with good water conservation and permeability to make the seeding bed with a thickness of not less than 40 cm. Sow the prepared seeds into the bed at a distance of 5 to 20 ℃ cm, with a depth of about 3 cm. Then cover the river sand with a thickness of 3 cm, depending on the dryness of the soil and fine sand on the bed, control the amount of water, and then cover the plastic film for moisturizing and heat preservation, open the film once a week on a sunny morning, the soil should be watered to keep moist, and cover the film at sunset in the afternoon. Generally, it takes 4 to 6 months for cycads to store sand. During this period, the temperature and humidity of the sand should be maintained and the appropriate temperature is required to be 18: 25 ℃. The relative humidity is 800.90%. To keep warm in winter, it should not be lower than 12 ℃. In the second year, from May to June, the seeds germinated and broke their shells, and from July to August, they germinated and grew a true leaf.

Ramet culture:

Ramet culture should be in summer, separate the sucking bud from the stem of the mother plant, insert it into the open field or basin, bury half of the soil, the survival rate of ramet culture can reach 8090%, the growth of sucking bud is slow, it is best to separate the sucking bud after 3 years, and the wound of sucking bud is easy to live. Cadres can also be cut into sections of 15 to 20 centimeters long and buried in sandy soil so that they can regenerate new buds around the cadres and then be planted and cultivated.

The iron tree is suitable to grow in direct sunlight or bright scattered light, and it is best to be half-shaded in summer, the temperature is maintained at 15-20 ℃, and the soil and air humidity is higher, so the leaves should be sprayed frequently. The plant has no dormant period, the suitable winter temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the plant has a considerable degree of cold resistance. During the period of 3-9 ℃, liquid fertilizer should be applied once a month, and the suitable cultivation medium should be the mixture of organic soil, mud carbon and fine sand. The basin soil is changed every 2-3 years, and new soil and base fertilizer are added to help growth. The application of liquid fertilizer several times in summer and the addition of ferrous sulfate solution can make the leaf color greener. After autumn, the diseases and insect pests of cycads with reduced watering water are the most common, and the leaves damaged by scale insects should be kept well ventilated at first. After the discovery of shell insects, observe the spray stone sulfur mixture or fluoroacetylammonium during the incubation period.

The following is the knowledge of the maintenance of iron trees:

I. cultivating soil and changing pots

Cycads are suitable for growing in fertile and slightly acidic sandy soil. According to horticultural technicians in Huibaichuan, Fujian, the culture soil can be prepared with 1 part of coarse sand and 2 parts of pastoral soil, or 3 parts of rotten leaf soil and 1 part of fine sand and stone, or 2 parts of sandy soil and 1 part of rotten leaf soil, plus a small amount of 0.5% ferrous sulfate (used as acid-base regulator). Cycad is an iron-loving plant. When preparing the culture soil, a small amount of iron filings can be infiltrated, or the iron shavings can be placed on the basin soil or buried in the basin in early spring, and the iron can be gradually infiltrated and absorbed. 0.5% ferrous sulfate can also be used to supplement iron to make the leaves firm and green. The change of the basin is carried out before the sprouting in early spring, the small basin is changed once every 1 to 2 years, and the large basin is changed every 3 to 4 years. The basin can be changed without changing the basin, or it can be changed into the basin. Generally, after 2 to 3 years of cycads, the seedlings are slightly larger before they are planted in large pots. When changing the pot, first hit the edge of the flowerpot with your hand, then hold the leaf by hand and take out the side of the flowerpot with the soil, be careful not to break the leaf, peel off the edge of the mud ball and the upper soil, keep 1/3 of the old soil, and properly trim the old root, fibrous root and old leaf. Leaves that keep green and straight are generally not trimmed. Then put it into the basin, put the new soil in the gap and compact it. The bottom of the basin should be padded with tiles to facilitate water penetration. After changing the basin, pour enough root water, soak all the basin soil thoroughly, until the bottom of the basin comes out of the water, put it in the cool place of the balcony, and move it to the sun after ten or eight days.

II. Watering and fertilization

When maintaining cycads, the soil moisture should be kept at about 60%, and watering should follow the principle of dry and wet. According to the technical guidance provided by Huibaichuan Horticulture in Fujian Province, the vigorous growth period of leaves in spring and summer, especially the high temperature and dry climate in summer, should be watered once in the morning and evening, and the leaves should be sprayed to keep the leaves fresh and green. After entering autumn, it can be watered once every 2 to 5 days. During the growing period, compound fertilizer or urea can be applied once or twice a month. It is best to spray leaves with 0.2% aqueous solution as foliar fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer should follow the principle of "eat less and eat more". Peanut bran is applied once a year in early spring. Peanut bran can be directly applied on the basin surface or buried in the basin soil without water retting. Family rice washing water before cooking every day, do not be stained with oil stains, filled with buckets and pots, and irrigated with liquid fertilizer the next day, which has a certain fertilizer effect.

III. Pruning and placement

Cycads like warm and humid climate, sunshine and shade resistance. The growth is relatively slow, only one round of leaves grow every year, and the lower old leaves are cut off every time the new leaves unfold and mature, keeping 2 to 3 rounds of leaves without frequent pruning. Even if you transplant or change the basin, you don't need too much pruning. When the leaves are harmed by diseases and insect pests, the natural environment is bad and yellowed and dry, it should be cut off in time. Different balcony orientation, different light intensity, affect the growth of cycads is different. Balcony facing south, the most suitable to put potted plants, north, east balcony, you can also put potted plants, west balcony summer afternoon sun is strong, hot and dry, easy to cause cycad scorched leaves, leaf yellow phenomenon, not suitable to put potted plants. In the hot and dry weather in summer, wet the balcony floor several times a day to lower the temperature and increase the humidity of the air. Cycads should not be placed in the living room for too long, lack of light, slender leaves, leaves turn green. Cold winter can be placed in the hall for a longer time, when the sun shines.

However, the suggestion of raising iron tree in our family is generally not suitable to buy too large plants, and flowerpots usually choose medium pots with a diameter of 20 to 30 centimeters. Before planting the iron tree, put 2 cm thick coarse sand or gravel as the seepage layer, and the cultivated soil should be mixed with 4 parts of rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of garden soil, 1 part of bone powder, 2 parts of river sand and 200 grams of rust iron chips, and the rotten bean cake fertilizer was used as base fertilizer. After planting, pour water thoroughly, put it in the shade for half a month, and then move it to the north wind to maintain. Always keep the basin soil moist, but not too wet. From April to May, you can generally water once every two days. Iron trees are not resistant to water stains, so pay attention to timely drainage after rain. The growth is faster from June to August, when the temperature is high, the evaporation is large, and the amount of water can be properly increased. Except for rainy days, water should be watered once a day. Control watering after September and master the principle of "dry and wet". During the growing season, liquid fertilizer was applied every 15 to 20 days. Stop fertilizing after autumn.

Tieshu likes the sun, and in spring and autumn, it is best to keep it in direct sunlight (but not in the sun) in the seedling stage, and wait for the new leaves to grow and then move indoors to watch. When the air temperature is below 0 degrees in winter, it should be moved indoors to survive the winter. The room humidity is kept at 5-10 degrees. He went out in April of the following year and changed the basin every 2-3 years. In the process of growth, when the trunk of the plant is as high as 40cm and 50cm and the new leaves grow, the lower withered yellow leaves should be cut off once or at least once every two years to keep the tree neat and plump.

Under the condition of normal development, iron tree can produce 2 rounds of new leaves every spring. If it is found that the plant does not send new leaves or the leaves turn yellow and dry for 2 or 3 years, the root system should be checked in time. If there is root rot, the rotten part should be removed, moved into the indoor planting with plain sand, controlled watering, and can continue to grow after a period of time.

The potted irontree can go out of the house from April to May and change the new soil every 2-3 years. The pot culture soil is the fertile and loose sandy loam. When turning the pot, the broken tiles and coarse-grained stone are used as the drainage layer, and 2-3 horseshoe slices are applied, and the cake fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer. During the peak growth period in summer, thin mature cake fertilizer and water should be applied once or twice a month. If "black alum water" (ferrous sulfate) is added to topdressing, the leaf color can be dark green and bright. Stop fertilizing after autumn.

Potted cycad watering, for the new pots of iron trees, basin soil is not too wet, basin soil is not dry, keep properly dry, so as not to rot roots. The amount of water should be increased appropriately after the new leaves are stretched out, and there can be a little more in summer when the growth is exuberant. Once a day, the growth tends to slow down after entering autumn. We should also pay attention to control the amount of water, and avoid stagnant water in the basin in the rainy season. When the new leaves are on display, the withered yellow leaves should be cut off to maintain the richness of the plant.

The culture method of iron tree

Introduction to the culture method of iron tree-in botany, it is called cycad, alias Fengwei banana, plantain, fire-avoiding banana, belonging to cycads and evergreen trees of cycads. It originated in south-central China, India, Japan and Indonesia, and originated in East and Southeast Asia. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and other places are widely cultivated. North China, Northwest and other places as potted plants for indoor viewing. Cycads like sunshine, dry and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant, good fertilizer, like sandy soil, slow growth. Iron tree in the place of origin can be up to 8 meters high, indoor potted up to 3 meters high, the stem is thick cylindrical, no branches, there are thick leaf marks, the formation of fish scale. The leaf cluster is born at the top of the stem and is a large pinnate compound leaf, about 1 meter long. Leaflets linear, leathery, tip hard, dark green glossy, leaf margin revolute. Every spring, the old leaves fall off one after another; the flowers are unisexual, born at the top of the stem, dioecious, and the male flowers are spirally arranged in the shape of a pineapple, covered with pilose hairs, fresh yellowish at the beginning and brown after maturity. The female flower is larger, with many palmate scales, flattened in shape and gradually divided into a pine tower. Cycads rarely bloom, 20-or 30-year-old trees can blossom, so it is called "Millennium Iron Tree flowering", flowering from June to August.

The iron tree is mainly cultivated by tillers, and it can also be sown or cut.

Sowing and breeding:

In October, the iron tree seeds or full seeds of no more than two years were collected, soaked in warm water of about 50 ℃ for 24 hours, then soaked in dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, then rinsed with clean water, changed water every other day when soaking the seeds, after the seed coat was completely swollen and softened, the outer seed coat was peeled off manually, the pulp was washed, the seeds were dried, and then stored. Seed sand storage treatment was carried out around December. Because of its thick and hard seed skin, it can be treated by variable temperature method and finally stored in sand. Use clean sandy loam, river sand, perlite and other materials with good water conservation and permeability to make the seeding bed with a thickness of not less than 40 cm. Sow the prepared seeds into the bed at a distance of 5 to 20 ℃ cm, with a depth of about 3 cm. Then cover the river sand with a thickness of 3 cm, depending on the dryness of the soil and fine sand on the bed, control the amount of water, and then cover the plastic film for moisturizing and heat preservation, open the film once a week on a sunny morning, the soil should be watered to keep moist, and cover the film at sunset in the afternoon. Generally, it takes 4 to 6 months for cycads to store sand. During this period, the temperature and humidity of the sand should be maintained and the appropriate temperature is required to be 18: 25 ℃. The relative humidity is 800.90%. To keep warm in winter, it should not be lower than 12 ℃. In the second year, from May to June, the seeds germinated and broke their shells, and from July to August, they germinated and grew a true leaf. Ramet culture:

Ramet culture should be in summer, separate the sucking bud from the stem of the mother plant, insert it into the open field or basin, bury half of the soil, the survival rate of ramet culture can reach 8090%, the growth of sucking bud is slow, it is best to separate the sucking bud after 3 years, and the wound of sucking bud is easy to live. Cadres can also be cut into sections of 15 to 20 centimeters long and buried in sandy soil so that they can regenerate new buds around the cadres and then be planted and cultivated. The iron tree is suitable to grow in direct sunlight or bright scattered light, and it is best to be half-shaded in summer, the temperature is maintained at 15-20 ℃, and the soil and air humidity is higher, so the leaves should be sprayed frequently. The plant has no dormant period, the suitable winter temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the plant has a considerable degree of cold resistance. During the period of 3-9 ℃, liquid fertilizer should be applied once a month, and the suitable cultivation medium should be the mixture of organic soil, mud carbon and fine sand. The basin soil is changed every 2-3 years, and new soil and base fertilizer are added to help growth. The application of liquid fertilizer several times in summer and the addition of ferrous sulfate solution can make the leaf color greener. After autumn, the diseases and insect pests of cycads with reduced watering water are the most common, and the leaves damaged by scale insects should be kept well ventilated at first. After the discovery of shell insects, observe the spray stone sulfur mixture or fluoroacetylammonium during the incubation period. The following is the knowledge of the maintenance of iron trees:

I. cultivating soil and changing pots

Cycads are suitable for growing in fertile and slightly acidic sandy soil. According to horticultural technicians in Huibaichuan, Fujian, the culture soil can be prepared with 1 part of coarse sand and 2 parts of pastoral soil, or 3 parts of rotten leaf soil and 1 part of fine sand and stone, or 2 parts of sandy soil and 1 part of rotten leaf soil, plus a small amount of 0.5% ferrous sulfate (used as acid-base regulator). Cycad is an iron-loving plant. When preparing the culture soil, a small amount of iron filings can be infiltrated, or the iron shavings can be placed on the basin soil or buried in the basin in early spring, and the iron can be gradually infiltrated and absorbed. 0.5% ferrous sulfate can also be used to supplement iron to make the leaves firm and green. The change of the basin is carried out before the sprouting in early spring, the small basin is changed once every 1 to 2 years, and the large basin is changed every 3 to 4 years. The basin can be changed without changing the basin, or it can be changed into the basin. Generally, after 2 to 3 years of cycads, the seedlings are slightly larger before they are planted in large pots. When changing the pot, first hit the edge of the flowerpot with your hand, then hold the leaf by hand and take out the side of the flowerpot with the soil, be careful not to break the leaf, peel off the edge of the mud ball and the upper soil, keep 1/3 of the old soil, and properly trim the old root, fibrous root and old leaf. Leaves that keep green and straight are generally not trimmed. Then put it into the basin, put the new soil in the gap and compact it. The bottom of the basin should be padded with tiles to facilitate water penetration. After changing the basin, pour enough root water, soak all the basin soil thoroughly, until the bottom of the basin comes out of the water, put it in the cool place of the balcony, and move it to the sun after ten or eight days.

II. Watering and fertilization

When maintaining cycads, the soil moisture should be kept at about 60%, and watering should follow the principle of dry and wet. According to the technical guidance provided by Huibaichuan Horticulture in Fujian Province, the vigorous growth period of leaves in spring and summer, especially the high temperature and dry climate in summer, should be watered once in the morning and evening, and the leaves should be sprayed to keep the leaves fresh and green. After entering autumn, it can be watered once every 2 to 5 days. During the growing period, compound fertilizer or urea can be applied once or twice a month. It is best to spray leaves with 0.2% aqueous solution as foliar fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer should follow the principle of "eat less and eat more". Peanut bran is applied once a year in early spring. Peanut bran can be directly applied on the basin surface or buried in the basin soil without water retting. Family rice washing water before cooking every day, do not be stained with oil stains, filled with buckets and pots, and irrigated with liquid fertilizer the next day, which has a certain fertilizer effect.

III. Pruning and placement

Cycads like warm and humid climate, sunshine and shade resistance. The growth is relatively slow, only one round of leaves grow every year, and the lower old leaves are cut off every time the new leaves unfold and mature, keeping 2 to 3 rounds of leaves without frequent pruning. Even if you transplant or change the basin, you don't need too much pruning. When the leaves are harmed by diseases and insect pests, the natural environment is bad and yellowed and dry, it should be cut off in time. Different balcony orientation, different light intensity, affect the growth of cycads is different. Balcony facing south, the most suitable to put potted plants, north, east balcony, you can also put potted plants, west balcony summer afternoon sun is strong, hot and dry, easy to cause cycad scorched leaves, leaf yellow phenomenon, not suitable to put potted plants. In the hot and dry weather in summer, wet the balcony floor several times a day to lower the temperature and increase the humidity of the air. Cycads should not be placed in the living room for too long, lack of light, slender leaves, leaves turn green. Cold winter can be placed in the hall for a longer time, when the sun shines.

However, the suggestion of raising iron tree in our family is generally not suitable to buy too large plants, and flowerpots usually choose medium pots with a diameter of 20 to 30 centimeters. Before planting the iron tree, put 2 cm thick coarse sand or gravel as the seepage layer, and the cultivated soil should be mixed with 4 parts of rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of garden soil, 1 part of bone powder, 2 parts of river sand and 200 grams of rust iron chips, and the rotten bean cake fertilizer was used as base fertilizer. After planting, pour water thoroughly, put it in the shade for half a month, and then move it to the north wind to maintain. Always keep the basin soil moist, but not too wet. From April to May, you can generally water once every two days. Iron trees are not resistant to water stains, so pay attention to timely drainage after rain. The growth is faster from June to August, when the temperature is high, the evaporation is large, and the amount of water can be properly increased. Except for rainy days, water should be watered once a day. Control watering after September and master the principle of "dry and wet". During the growing season, liquid fertilizer was applied every 15 to 20 days. Stop fertilizing after autumn.

Tieshu likes the sun, and in spring and autumn, it is best to keep it in direct sunlight (but not in the sun) in the seedling stage, and wait for the new leaves to grow and then move indoors to watch. When the air temperature is below 0 degrees in winter, it should be moved indoors to survive the winter. The room humidity is kept at 5-10 degrees. He went out in April of the following year and changed the basin every 2-3 years. In the process of growth, when the trunk of the plant is as high as 40cm and 50cm and the new leaves grow, the lower withered yellow leaves should be cut off once or at least once every two years to keep the tree neat and plump.

Under the condition of normal development, iron tree can produce 2 rounds of new leaves every spring. If it is found that the plant does not send new leaves or the leaves turn yellow and dry for 2 or 3 years, the root system should be checked in time. If there is root rot, the rotten part should be removed, moved into the indoor planting with plain sand, controlled watering, and can continue to grow after a period of time.

The potted irontree can go out of the house from April to May and change the new soil every 2-3 years. The pot culture soil is the fertile and loose sandy loam. When turning the pot, the broken tiles and coarse-grained stone are used as the drainage layer, and 2-3 horseshoe slices are applied, and the cake fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer. During the peak growth period in summer, thin mature cake fertilizer and water should be applied once or twice a month. If "black alum water" (ferrous sulfate) is added to topdressing, the leaf color can be dark green and bright. Stop fertilizing after autumn.

Potted cycad watering, for the new pots of iron trees, basin soil is not too wet, basin soil is not dry, keep properly dry, so as not to rot roots. The amount of water should be increased appropriately after the new leaves are stretched out, and there can be a little more in summer when the growth is exuberant. Once a day, the growth tends to slow down after entering autumn. We should also pay attention to control the amount of water, and avoid stagnant water in the basin in the rainy season. When the new leaves are on display, the withered yellow leaves should be cut off to maintain the richness of the plant.

Summary of techniques and matters needing attention for cultivation and maintenance of iron tree potted plants (experience version)

Speaking of iron tree, I believe we are no stranger to it. Iron tree is a common ornamental plant, which is often used in garden and courtyard decoration, and is deeply loved by many flower friends. So, do you know what the family pot conservation methods of Tieshu are? Today, the editor will give you a detailed introduction, let's study with the editor.

1. Soil: potted iron tree is suitable for slightly acidic sandy soil with good drainage, loose and fertile soil.

2. Temperature: the iron tree likes to be warm, so it should be cooled by spraying water properly when it is hot in summer, and the room temperature should be kept at about 10 ℃ in winter. As the growth of the iron tree is relatively slow, the hot sun should be avoided in summer, otherwise it is easy to cause the phenomenon of scorched leaves and yellow leaves. The iron tree has strong cold resistance, but when the winter temperature is 0 ℃, it should move indoors or in a warm place to survive the winter.

3. Light: the iron tree can not be placed indoors for too long, because the iron tree likes the light, and the lack of light will make its new leaves sparse, thin and green. Therefore, the four seasons of iron tree breeding need to be placed in a sunny place, especially when new leaves grow in spring and autumn, they should be maintained in direct sunlight, and then move indoors to watch when the new leaves grow old.

4. Watering: iron tree is more resistant to drought, likes to dry and avoid dampness, and can generally be rewatered after the soil is dry. if it is watered too much, it is easy to rot roots and bad leaves. It is usually watered about 10 days in winter, 3-5 days in spring and autumn, and once in the morning and evening in summer. Watering should see dry and wet, iron tree basin soil long-term accumulation of water is too wet, will cause yellow leaves, rotten roots.

5. Fertilization: in the growing season of iron tree, topdressing should be applied frequently, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, and rotten cake fertilizer and water is the best. Fertilization should pay attention to the frequent application of thin fertilizer, do not be too thick. In order to promote the dark green and glossy leaves, an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate solution can be added to the fertilizer. Fertilizing should pay attention to more vanadium fertilizer and water, or you can put some rust iron into the soil, or buy iron tree special fertilizer in the flower market, which can make the iron tree leaves dark green and glossy and improve the ornamental value.

6. Pruning: iron trees send out new leaves once or twice a year. In order to have a beautiful posture, the old leaves and withered yellow leaves of the next year should be cut off, and the leaves that are too dense or too long should also be trimmed according to the situation to keep the tree shape symmetrical.

7. Turn the basin: the basin should be turned every 2-3 years, and the suitable time is from March to April in spring. When turning or changing the basin, the withered roots and bad roots should be cut off, and the old soil of 1, 2, 2, 3 should be removed and replaced with fertile and loose new soil, so as to make the plant grow vigorously. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the empty basin floor to facilitate ventilation and water penetration.

9. Pest control: iron tree stalks with hard leaves and fewer diseases and insect pests. There may be the invasion of shell insects. When shell insects are found, they can be killed by manual washing. If the pest is serious, it can be irrigated with 1% ferrous sulfate diluent. It is worth noting that potted iron trees should be placed in a ventilated, transparent, hygienic and clean place, which can also effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

That's all I know about iron tree today. I hope it will be helpful for flower friends to read this article. If you want to know more about iron tree, please continue to pay attention to the succulent flower bed, we will provide you with more related knowledge!