A large number of culture and breeding methods of jasmine-- cutting method

Here are a large number of culture and breeding methods of jasmine

Jasmine flowers are generally not strong after flowering (rare), so asexual culture can only be used in production. There are several methods, such as cutting, pressing, dividing plants and so on. Jasmine has strong regeneration ability, cuttage method, fast rooting and high seedling rate compared with strip pressing method and plant separation method, so it has the advantages of simple operation and material saving, so it is widely used.

Strip culture, strip culture is the use of the lower part of the jasmine plant sprouting branches or branches with a certain length to press the middle part of the jasmine into the soil, so that it produces new roots and becomes an independent new plant after cutting off the mother branch. The premise is that there must be a jasmine mother tree, and each clump of mother tree can not press many branches, can not meet the supply of a large number of seedlings, generally use potted plants and lack of ponds to supplement seedlings.

Ramet culture: Jasmine is a tufted shrub, and the rhizome can produce many adventitious roots. Biennial plants often have several stems and branches, which can be used for ramet culture. The premise of this method is that there must be more than two-year-old jasmine mother trees. And the number of culture is lower than that of striping and cutting, which can not meet the needs of large-scale cultivation.

Cutting nursery bed nursery occupies a small area, and the land utilization rate is high. About 100000 seedlings can be raised per mu. Due to the centralized cutting in the nursery, easy to manage, there is room for full selection of seedlings, so the seedlings of high quality, neat growth, but also suitable for large-scale production of seedlings, so it is widely used in production.

Spring is coming, spring flower care common sense

Spring is coming, the earth heats up and everything recovers, so what are the tricks of conserving these spring flowers?

In March, the weather gets warmer and warmer day by day, and spring in the north is coming gradually. With the warming of the weather, the flowers cultivated at home also changed from the dormant period to the budding period, and the flowers and plants dormant for a winter began to show their vitality.

Spring is the best time for potted flowers to gain weight, prune and reproduce. Seizing this opportunity to carry out correct maintenance can make them blossom and flourish day by day in this year. Turning pots and changing soil is the best way to fertilize potted flowers in spring. For varieties with strong ability to protect themselves from the cold, such as five-needle pine and rose, pomegranate, chrysanthemum and other flowers and trees, as soon as the Beginning of Spring passed, the buds began to sprout, and the pots could be turned over to change the soil earlier. Early spring flowering primrose, camellia, gentleman orchid, rhododendron, do not rush to change pots, can be carried out after the flowers have withered.

In addition, such as Huang Gran, jasmine, epiphyllum, Fusang, Milan, Tieshu, and so on, will be turned over in April to change the soil. When changing from a small basin to a large basin, it is necessary to retain the old soil at the roots of flowers and plants (commonly known as "mother soil"). When turning the basin, it is necessary to trim the withered root, rotten root and over-Migan, and mix the rotten organic fertilizer into the soil, be careful not to make the root come into direct contact with the fertilizer to avoid burns. In early spring, flowers and trees have just woke up from dormancy and haven't had time to absorb too much fertilizer and water. Too much fertilizer and water will damage the roots, so fertilization should be done as little as possible at this time, not too much at one time. Do not immediately fertilize the flowers and trees that have just turned the pot. wait until the new roots grow, and then apply thin fertilizer and water. Flowering plants can apply phosphorus-based fertilizer before and after budding to make the flowers bright. Foliage plants can apply nitrogen-based fertilizers to make their leaves green. )

By the same token, the watering of flowers in early spring should not be over-watered immediately. It is best to do not dry or water them thoroughly. Later, with the rise of the temperature, we will gradually increase the irrigation of fertilizer and water. Spring is a good time to prune flowers and trees. In order to maintain the beautiful posture of flowers and trees and promote their luxuriant growth, you can cut off excess branches with a knife. Such as rose, chrysanthemum, rhododendron, Parthenocissus, rose, etc., should be cut off residual flowers and pedicels in this season, in order to reduce the consumption of nutrients and increase the exposure of sunlight. In addition, the breeding of many flowers and trees is also carried out in spring. Such as rhododendron, jasmine, rose, Fusang, geranium, tiger thorn plum, rose, rubber tree, etc., cut off strong branches for cutting propagation. Other plants that propagate with seeds, such as mimosa, sunflower, morning glory, cyclamen, etc., can be planted indoors. After sowing and watering the seeds, cover the flowerpot mouth with a thin film and place it in the sun. After a period of time, the flower buds break out of the ground.

Daffodils-add aspirin

If the room temperature is less than 7 ℃, warm water can be added to promote the flower in the morning and evening, or it can be moved to the sunny place. If early budding at present, it should be moved to a low temperature to control premature flowering. When the flowers are in full bloom, add a little salt to make the flowers last. However, when there are still budding buds, do not put salt, so as not to inhibit the opening of buds.

Tip: put a piece of aspirin in the water where daffodils are raised to make the daffodils stout and luxuriant.

Rich bamboo-- change the water once a week

Phyllostachys pubescens is a shade-tolerant plant that still grows well and is tall and strong under weak light conditions. Can be placed indoors for a long time to watch the leaves, do not need special maintenance, as long as there is enough water, it can grow vigorously. So it is deeply favored by everyone. The room temperature is 18-24 ℃, and it can grow all the year round. Below 13 ℃, the plant dormancy and stop growing. When the temperature is too low, there will be yellowish-brown patches on the leaf tip and edge due to insufficient water absorption by the root system. The lowest overwintering temperature should be above 10 ℃. At present, the clear water can be changed once a week or so in winter, and it needs to absorb mineral nutrients constantly in the process of growth and development, so fertilization is necessary. Hydroponic culture requires the proper addition of several grains of "multi-element compound fertilizer" when changing fresh water.

Phalaenopsis-keep it moist

According to a staff member of Huiyuan flowers in Nanshan market, it is better for Phalaenopsis to have bright leaves, rich leaves and neat arrangement. Fresh roots, sprouting new roots are the best, generally divided into various grades according to the number of flowers.

In planting, Phalaenopsis should strictly guard against low temperature, its sex likes temperature and humidity, it is best to put it in a warm room during the Spring Festival, pay attention to ventilation and keep it moist.

Cymbidium cymbidium-- strictly guard against low temperature

It is one of the most popular New year's flowers this year. It has the highest market price among foreign orchids. The maintenance of Cymbidium should be strictly guarded against low temperature. Its fleshy root is well developed and has a strong ability to absorb water and fertilizer, so it can be cultivated with rotten leaf soil or mango, carbon chips, broken bricks and so on. Its demand for water is more than that of other orchid species, so it is necessary to spray the leaf surface many times to prevent the appearance of yellow leaves.

Cuckoo-if it is not dry or watered, it must be thoroughly watered.

Cuckoos like sour soil, like warm and cool, the soil is not dry, irrigated must be thoroughly watered, it is best to water and cuckoo in the same temperature place to air, with Rain Water irrigated. However, flowering period should not be more watering, so as to avoid falling buds and early thanks. You can apply a little thin fertilizer at ordinary times.

Fulutong-pay attention to ventilation and avoid exposure to the sun

Fulutong is cold-resistant and temperature-resistant. It is suitable for growth in cool to warm climates at 15 ℃. General sandy loam can, if mixed with perlite, can increase the looseness of the soil and is conducive to drainage. Need a bright and soft cultivation environment throughout the day, covered courtyards, balconies or bright indoor areas. Water once every 1-2 days. The application of nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer every two months can promote the green leaf color and promote the germination of new buds. When it is hot and hot in summer, you should pay special attention to ventilation and avoid exposure to the hot sun. A complete collection of basic knowledge of family flower cultivation

A complete collection of basic knowledge of family flower cultivation

First, the benefits of growing flowers

With its gorgeous elegant demeanor, flowers decorate nature with extraordinary beauty and give people the enjoyment of beauty. Growing flowers can enrich and regulate people's cultural life, increase fun, cultivate temperament, improve health, increase scientific knowledge and improve cultural and artistic literacy. Growing flowers can afforest and beautify the land of the motherland, protect and improve the environment, and purify the air, so that people can work and study in a beautiful environment and live a better life. Growing flowers is not only for viewing and appreciation, but also has many important economic values. Flowers are an important part of Chinese herbal medicine. Honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, wax plum, hibiscus, rhododendron, rose, lotus and so on are common Chinese herbal medicines. Fragrant flowers are widely used in food and light industry, such as sweet-scented osmanthus can be used as food spice and wine, jasmine, magnolia, generation, pearl orchid and so on can be smoked tea, chrysanthemum can make high-grade food and dishes, white orchid, jasmine, rose, wax plum, daffodil and other flavors can be extracted.

Second, "three suitability" for growing flowers in the room.

1. It is appropriate to raise flowers with strong ability to take drugs. Some flowers can absorb a certain concentration of toxic gases in the air, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen fluoride, formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride and so on. According to research, wintersweet can absorb mercury vapor; pomegranate plants can absorb lead vapor in the air; goldfish grass, canna, morning glory, gladiolus and carnation can oxidize highly toxic sulfur dioxide into non-toxic or low toxic sulfate compounds through leaves; daffodils, purple jasmine, chrysanthemum, Saxifraga, etc. can convert nitrogen oxides into proteins in plant cells. Hanging orchid, aloe, tiger tail orchid can absorb a large number of indoor formaldehyde and other pollutants, eliminate and prevent indoor air pollution.

2. It is appropriate to raise flowers that can secrete fungicides. The fungicides secreted by flowers such as jasmine, cloves, honeysuckle and morning glory can kill some bacteria in the air, inhibit the occurrence of diphtheria, tuberculosis, dysentery pathogens and typhoid bacteria, and keep the indoor air clean and hygienic.

3. It is appropriate to raise flowers with complementary functions. Most flowers mainly engage in photosynthesis during the day, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Respiration occurs at night, absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Cacti, on the other hand, release carbon dioxide during the day and absorb carbon dioxide at night, releasing oxygen. Keeping the flowers with complementary functions in one room can not only make them mutually beneficial, but also balance the content of indoor oxygen and carbon dioxide and keep the indoor air fresh.

Third, the "three taboos" of growing flowers in the room

1. Avoid raising flowers with strong fragrance and irritating smell. Such as orchids, roses, roses, lilies, night incense and so on can emit a strong aroma. A pot in the room, fragrant overflowing, but indoor if put too many fragrant flowers, fragrance is too strong, it will cause people's nerves to produce excitement, especially people in the bedroom for a long time smell it, will cause insomnia. Christmas flowers, evergreen gas is bad for people; tulips, hydrangea particles contact for too long, the skin will be allergic and itchy.

2. Do not put too much. At night, most flowers release carbon dioxide, absorb oxygen and compete with people. Most of the rooms are closed at night, and the air is not ventilated enough with the outside world. If there are too many flowers indoors, it will reduce the concentration of indoor oxygen at night and affect the quality of sleep at night, such as chest tightness, frequent nightmares and so on.

3. Avoid putting poisonous flowers indoors. For example, oleander, its stems, leaves and even flowers are poisonous in spring, summer and autumn. the milky white juice it secretes contains a kind of oleoside, which can be poisoned by accidental ingestion; the bulbs of daffodils contain Latin toxin, if the child eats it by mistake, it will cause vomiting and other symptoms, the sap of leaves and flowers will make the skin red and swollen, and if the juice is mistakenly put into the eyes, it will harm the eyes. Too much contact with mimosa can easily lead to sparse eyebrows, yellowing of hair, and hair loss in severe cases.

Therefore, when we grow and appreciate flowers, we should understand the relevant scientific knowledge and bring health and happiness to ourselves and our families.

The "six precepts" of raising flowers in the family

Family flower cultivation has become more and more common, but many flower lovers have withered their heads and become lifeless as a result of missing the point. What's the problem?

Like people, flowers are alive and need to be carefully cared for. Many flower growers lack the careful and diligent attitude they should have towards these beautiful lives. First, they are lazy, do not like to delve into the knowledge of flower cultivation, have been willing to be laymen for a long time, and have no way of management. Second, lazy hands, unwilling to spend too much time and energy on flowers. After the flowers entered the house, they were left out in the cold, suffering from hunger and thirst for a long time, and suffering from diseases and insect pests. In this way, even the best flowers will gradually wither. So lazy people can't grow flowers well.

Erjie love too Yin is contrary to the above situation, some flower growers love flowers too much and itch their hands without fiddling with them for a while. Some plants are irregularly watered and fertilized, and when they think of it, flowers are waterlogged and fertilized to death; others move flowerpots around casually and can move several places a day, so that flowers have to adapt to the environment frequently and disrupt the normal growth law. It would be strange not to toss the flowers to death for a long time. There are several pots of comfortable flowers at home, and there is nothing wrong with liking them, but flowers, like people, have their own growth rules. If they are disturbed frequently when they need a rest, they will naturally feel tired and grow poorly.

Three precepts pursue fame and profit some flower lovers think that it is necessary to raise famous flowers because famous flowers have high ornamental value and large profits in the market. Under this kind of psychological domination, they did not hesitate to spend a lot of money to buy famous flowers and trees everywhere. The result is often due to the lack of good maintenance conditions and management technology, the flowers died soon after they were bought, which not only practiced the precious flowers, but also wasted money, which is a misunderstanding in the concept. The correct approach should be to start with ordinary, lower-grade species, and gradually explore the laws and skills of growing flowers. Wait to reach a certain level of technology, and then gradually purchase more expensive types, so that the assurance of success is great.

Regardless of the four precepts, some flower growers love greed and seek perfection again, no matter what variety, they move home when they see it, which not only brings difficulties to management, but also brings some unsuitable flowers into the home, pollutes the environment and harms health. For example, flowers with poisonous juices can easily cause poisoning when people come into contact with them. The smell of some flowers has an impact on people's nervous system, easy to cause shortness of breath and even allergic reactions. Plants with sharp thorns in appearance also pose a certain threat to human safety, and so on. In short, family flower cultivation should not be greedy for perfection, regardless of the difference between buttercup and attrition, should choose some small plant shape, beautiful appearance, harmless species to the human body.

In the five precepts of Qin Twilight Chu, some flower growers were impetuous, and there was no theme for them, and the flowers in the home were exchanged like horse lanterns. This is a big taboo for growing flowers. First, the change of species is too fast and the planting time is short, which is not conducive to the cultivation of flowers and trees with beautiful shape and high ornamental. The second is to dabble in each kind of flower, which is not conducive to the improvement of the level of flower cultivation, and is still a flower blind in the end. Therefore, only by choosing one or two kinds of flowers and focusing on research and cultivation, can flower growers get something from their hearts.

The concept of six precepts is not new. Nowadays, new knowledge and new technologies emerge one after another in the flower industry, but most flower growers still adhere to traditional maintenance methods, and are not good at making use of new technologies and new equipment in the use of flower utensils, water and fertilizer management, seedling cultivation, and so on. such as soilless cultivation, odorless flower fertilizer and all kinds of flower utensils. As a result, the family flower cultivation is unhygienic, not beautiful, not novel, and has great side effects.

Fifth, the knowledge of buying flowers

Do not buy the following kinds of flowers:

1. If you see that there is new soil in the pot and the stem will move as soon as you pull up the stem, then the pot of flowers must not have grown new roots soon after they have just been put on the pot. Such flowers are easy to die when they are bought back. The reason is that in order to pursue economic benefits, some operators directly mix organic fertilizers that have not yet matured into the soil. Once these fertilizers are fermented, the roots of the flowers will be burned out. Sometimes, in order to save work or seize time, they plant flowers without any arrangement, or even put flowers and trees that are too badly hurt to survive in pots and on the market. If you accidentally buy such flowers, most of them will not survive.

2. Some operators of two or more co-planted flowers take advantage of the psychology that buyers like flowers to flourish and plant two or more unideal seedlings in pots and sell them to inexperienced buyers to make a profit. The branches and leaves of this kind of flowers will become thinner, weaker and yellow day by day, and the flowers will bloom smaller and smaller. The reason lies in insufficient nutrition, and too many roots in the basin, easy to harden, and may die of rotten roots due to poor drainage and poor ventilation. Of course, special combination potted plants are not included in this list. Flowers without soil balls in summer or winter, in hot summer, the temperature is very high, the leaves of flowers and trees evaporate quickly, and the roots of newly pots are more or less damaged, so it is difficult to absorb water from the pot soil in a short time. Only by bringing the original soil mass, can it be safely through this transition period, otherwise it will wilt first and then slowly die. In winter, the weather is cold, the growth of flowers and trees is slow, and some flowers and trees even go dormant. When you buy flowers and trees without soil masses from the market and go home, as soon as you water them on the pot, you may suffer frost damage (especially the roots). If it is light, the growth of the plant will be hindered, and if it is heavy, it will die. Even if it is not frozen, because of the low soil temperature, it is difficult for flowers and trees to grow new roots, while the old roots can not germinate for a long time and are prone to decay and necrosis. Special attention should be paid to areas without heating in winter, such as the Yangtze River Basin.

3. Flowers with roots and no stems and leaves. Some individual vendors dig wild vines and miscellaneous roots to sell as flowers and trees in autumn and winter. Because they have no stems and no leaves, it is difficult to identify them. In order to moisturize, they bandaged it with moss and chose some strange names to deceive inexperienced buyers. Some people are greedy for bargains, but nine out of ten leaves do not blossom after they are bought back.

4. flowers that can bloom in a variety of colors in the picture A small number of illegal traders, in order to make a profit, put fake flowers of various colors on some plants that cannot blossom, and then take pictures to make pictures, take some names of foreign flowers, and deceive friends who are beginners to grow flowers. These flower vendors who set up stalls fire a shot to change places, and it is very difficult for deceived buyers to find them.

In order to get a good price, the branches and leaves of evergreen trees such as pine and cypress are all tied into various animal shapes with fine iron wire, and then sold as bonsai on the market at a high price. This kind of potted flower is good-looking at that time, and its shape will change as the plant grows. Moreover, binding all the branches and leaves of the plant at the same time will not only affect photosynthesis, but also easily produce diseases and insect pests, which is very disadvantageous to the growth of the plant.

6. Cactus flowers with small frozen spots on their stems or balls are often seen by individual vendors selling cactus flowers at low prices in early spring. Some buyers do not scrutinize carefully, as soon as they buy, there are ten and eight trees, and there are not a few problems. The reason is that the winter cactus is vulnerable to slight frostbite, and light green frost spots appear on the stems and balls, which are smaller than rice grains. On the surface, there is no problem, but in fact, the internal tissue of the plant has been greatly damaged. If no measures are taken after the flower is bought back, the spot will become bigger and bigger, the plant will gradually show translucent shape, and finally the whole plant will die.

VI. Spring maintenance of family potted flowers

The plan of the year lies in spring, the management and maintenance of family potted flowers in spring is very important, the following three aspects of work should be done well.

1. Breeding good seedlings. Rose, geranium, pomegranate, winter jasmine, etc. can be cut in the spring strong branches cuttage. Rhododendron, jasmine love acidic soil, can be cut thick new branches 5-10 cm, remove the lower leaves, save the top leaves 3 - 4 to cuttage. Cuttings can be Montenegro mud, vermiculite or yellow sand as the medium, cutting branches moderate spray to maintain a certain humidity, generally after about 1 month can take root. Orchids, agave, and spider plants can reproduce in early spring as ramets or stolons, respectively.

Spring sowing herbs sown with seeds, such as asparagus, colorful pepper, mimosa, balsam, a string of red, morning glory, peacock grass, can be broadcast or on-demand. Sowing method: first in the pot loaded with soil, slightly compacted after sowing seeds, and then covered with fine soil. After sowing watering, generally put the flowerpot into the basin, let the water slowly penetrate from the bottom of the pot. Most germinate 1-3 weeks after sowing, after which the pot is moved to sunlight. After the seedlings grow 2-3 leaves, they can be transplanted. Be careful not to hurt the roots and break the stems when transplanting.

2. Turn over the basin and change the soil. This is a method of spring potted flowers fertilizer, generally small pots turn once a year, large pots turn once every 3-4 years, tall plants need to change large pots. Some roots grow too dense or have withered roots, rotten roots, need to be properly pruned. After turning over the pot, the first water should be poured thoroughly, and then placed in the shade. After seeing the pot dry, water it. Generally, water it normally after new roots grow and move to the sun.

3. Pruning and pruning. It depends on the plants. Azalea, spring, etc. should not be over-pruned, pomegranate, rose, etc. can be in early spring to dry branches, injured branches or over-dense branches to cut off, in order to promote flowers and leaves luxuriant. Jasmine should remove old leaves when changing pots to promote more new branches. Climbing vine plants such as creeper, banksia rose, wisteria vine, rose, etc. can be pruned to make the leaves as much as possible by the sun and grow vigorously.

Pay attention to early spring potted flowers do not move to the outside too early, so as not to encounter cold air attack and suffer freezing damage. Watering can increase with the increase in temperature, master dry and wet thoroughly.

VII. Summer maintenance of family potted flowers

1, watering summer flowers luxuriant foliage, consumption of water, so every morning and evening in summer to water enough flowers.

2, set up shade All potted flowers, in summer have to set up a shelf, put on the reed shade, so that it can safely spend the hot summer.

3, pay attention to ventilation indoor flowers, when the temperature exceeds 30~C, pay attention to ventilation, open the window, let fresh air flow into the room, heatstroke prevention and cooling.

4, moisturizing cooling summer can be covered with some grass on the pot soil, so that the sun does not directly illuminate the pot soil, thereby reducing the temperature of the pot soil, but also so that the water in the pot soil will not evaporate too quickly; can also be used to spray the leaves of flowers wet, while the surrounding wet, reduce the temperature, increase humidity. This is good for some flowers that like cold.

VIII. Autumn maintenance of family potted flowers

1. Strengthen water and fertilizer management. After the beginning of autumn, the weather gradually turns cold. For some leaf-viewing flowers, such as asparagus, spider orchid, cycad, etc., thin liquid fertilizer is generally applied once every half month to keep the leaves green and improve the ability to resist cold; For chrysanthemum, camellia, azalea, etc. that bloom once a year, liquid fertilizer based on phosphorus fertilizer shall be applied in time to ensure sufficient nutrients to make them bloom more and larger; For rose, Milan, jasmine, etc. that bloom many times a year, sufficient fertilizer and water shall be supplied to make them bloom continuously; For some fruit flowers, such as kumquat, fingered citron, pomegranate fruit, etc., should be applied 1-2 times to phosphate-based thin liquid fertilizer. With the gradual decrease of temperature, except for the autumn sowing grass flowers that bloom in autumn and winter or early spring, the watering times should be reduced for other flowers, so as to avoid excessive water and fertilizer, resulting in excessive growth of branches and leaves, affecting flower bud differentiation and freezing damage.

2, timely autumn sowing autumn planting autumn to harvest mature flowers and trees seeds in time, timely sowing tulips, pittosporum, snapdragon grass, etc., especially easy to lose germination of seeds, but also in autumn timely sowing, and combined with pruning, flowers and trees cutting. Such as cuttage rose, etc., survival rate is higher.

IX. Winter maintenance of family potted flowers

Different kinds of flowers have different growth habits, so different management measures should be taken to ensure their safety in winter.

1. Overwintering of deciduous woody flowers: Most deciduous woody flowers originate in temperate areas, common ones are pomegranate, honeysuckle, rose, peach, spring, etc. They are generally dormant in winter, so the room temperature can be controlled at about 5℃. If there is a balcony or small courtyard, you can put the cold-resistant potted roses, peaches, pomegranates, honeysuckle, etc. in the corner of the balcony back phoenix or courtyard, and wrap them with plastic film to safely winter.

2. Overwintering of evergreen woody flowers: such as oleander, kumquat, osmanthus, etc., are in a semi-dormant state, and the temperature is generally controlled above 0℃, so that they can safely survive the winter. Milan, jasmine, hibiscus, gardenia, etc. should be placed in a place with sufficient sunlight. Indoor temperature should be kept at about 15℃, if the temperature is too low, it will lead to the death of flowers.

3. Overwintering of biennial herbaceous flowers: such as primrose, colored leaf grass, cattail flower, etc., the room temperature is kept between 5℃ and 15℃, and it can grow normally. For asparagus, balsam, geranium, begonia and other perennial grass flowers, keep sufficient sunshine, room temperature 10℃ to 20℃, can grow well. For Clivia, Oncidium and other dormant herbaceous flowers in winter, maintain the room temperature of about 5℃, give proper amount of light, no more than 8-10 hours of light per day, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and bloom after two months.

Ten, several flower cultivation tips

1. How to judge whether potted flowers lack water

(1) tapping method: gently tap the middle pot wall of the flower pot with finger joints. If it makes a relatively clear sound, it means that the pot soil has dried and needs to be watered immediately; if it makes a dull dull sound, it means that the pot soil is wet and can not be watered temporarily.

(2) Visual inspection method: observe whether the color of the surface of the pot soil changes with the eyes. If the color becomes lighter or light gray white, it means that the pot soil has dried and needs watering; if the color becomes darker or dark brown, it means that the pot soil is wet. Do not water temporarily.

(3) Finger test method: gently insert your finger into the pot soil about 2 cm deep to touch the soil. When it feels dry or rough and hard, it means that the pot soil is dry and needs to be watered immediately; if it is slightly wet and delicate, it means that the pot soil is wet.

(4) kneading method: twist the pot soil with your fingers. If the soil is powdery, it means that the pot soil is dry and should be watered immediately; if the soil is flaky or granular, it means that the pot soil is wet and can not be watered temporarily. The above methods are empirical and can only tell people about the dry and wet conditions of the basin soil. To know exactly how wet the soil is, buy a soil hygrometer and insert it into the soil. You can see the words "dry" or "wet" on the scale and know exactly when to water it.

2. What is the point of watering water

The best water for watering flowers is neutral or slightly acidic river water, pond water and rainwater. Rainwater is best for watering flowers because it contains more natural minerals. Followed by river water and pond water, flower proverb said: "river water fertilizer pool strong, flowers and leaves luxuriant flower fragrance", especially with green pond water nutrients, is the ideal watering water. In cities, tap water is often used to water flowers. However, tap water bleaching powder and chemical content is relatively high, so use it to irrigate flowers to store for a day or two before use. In addition, if a few tablets of vitamin C are put in tap water, chlorine in the water can be eliminated. Generally, one tablet is added to a basin of water, and flowers can be watered for half a day.

Flower proverbs say: "South flowers move north, watering flowers add alum";"Northern domesticated southern flowers, watering fish tank water is better";"Fish water fertilizer rice water strong, watering pot flowers most appropriate". No matter winter or summer, do not use cold water to irrigate flowers. When the temperature is below 10℃, add some hot water to the water as much as possible to make the water temperature close to the earth temperature and create a microclimate suitable for flower growth.

3. Self-made fertilizer

In daily life, there are many wastes that can be used to make fertilizer.

(1) Soaking liquid fertilizer: Put waste vegetable leaves, melon and fruit peels, chickens and fish, fish scales, waste bones, eggshells and mildewed food (peanuts, melon seeds, beans, bean flour--) into a small jar (or small jar), add water and sprinkle a little trichlorfon to cover tightly, and use it after high temperature fermentation. When using, take its supernatant and dilute it with water before trial use. The above wastes can also be mixed with some old culture soil, added with some water, put into large plastic bags, tied up for a period of time, fermented and used.

(2) Waste composting: select a suitable dig pit, 60-80 cm deep, pad 10 cm furnace dust, rotten vegetable leaves, livestock viscera, fish scales, chicken and duck dung, eggshells, meat waste and broken bones, etc., put into the pit, sprinkle some pesticides, cover a layer of about 10 cm thick garden soil, keep humidity in the pit to promote fertilizer decomposition. It is best to pile up in autumn and winter. When it is decomposed by spring and has no odor, it can be mixed with culture soil as base fertilizer; it can also be used as a 4 mm sieve to rub into aggregates while wet, fine as topdressing, coarse as base fertilizer. Retting can be added to some orange peel or rice vinegar diluent, can reduce odor.

4. Family flower cultivation and fertilization

(1) Timely fertilization The timely fertilization is applied when the flower needs fertilizer. It was found that the optimum period for fertilization was when the leaves became light or yellow and the plants grew thin. In addition, flower seedlings and leaves, branches and leaves to topdressing, in order to meet the rapid growth of seedlings on fertilizer needs. Flower growth at different stages of fertilizer requirements are also different. Fertilization types and amounts also differ. Such as seedling nitrogen fertilizer, can promote seedling growth, bud phosphorus fertilizer, can promote large and bright flowers, flowering long.

(2) Appropriate fertilization potted flowers fertilization should be done "eat less and eat more meals", that is, the number of fertilizers, each time the amount of fertilizer should be less. Generally, thin fertilizer is applied once every 7-10 days, and once every 15-20 days after the beginning of autumn. As flowers and trees grow up gradually, fertilizer concentration gradually increases, such as urea application concentration gradually increases from 0.2% to 1.0%, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer from 1.0% to 3.0-4.0%.

(3) according to the season to master fertilization spring and summer flowers grow fast, grow vigorously, can be appropriate amount of fertilizer. After autumn, the temperature gradually decreases, the flower growth weakens, and less fertilizer should be applied. Fertilization should be stopped from late August to early September to prevent the second growth peak, otherwise it is easy to make flower tissue cells tender and lead to winter difficulties. Overwintering flowers, winter dormant state should stop fertilization.

(4) Fertilization should master the temperature potted flowers should not be fertilized around noon or rainy days at high temperatures, at this time fertilization is easy to hurt the roots, it is best to fertilize in the evening. Autumn, winter temperature is low, flowers grow slowly generally do not fertilize; summer temperature is high, flowers grow vigorously should be more fertilizer, high temperature topdressing concentration should be low, dosage should be less, with thin fertilizer water topdressing to chase several times.

(5) Mixed application of fertilizer and fertilizer If there are diseases and insect pests during fertilization, appropriate amount of pesticide can be added to the fertilizer solution, which can play a dual role in fertilizer control.

XI. Precautions

1. Why do family flowers die?

(1) Fertilization too much Some people love flowers, considering that pot flower flowering consumes more nutrients, so they apply a large amount of chemical fertilizer, resulting in excessive concentration, light affects the absorption of water by root hair, and serious causes plant death.

(2) The amount of undecomposed organic fertilizer is too large. Because there are a lot of microbial activities when the organic fertilizer is decomposed in the soil, it causes the soil to lack oxygen and the roots are suffocated and die. On the other hand, organic fertilizer fermentation produces alcohol, lactic acid and other substances that are toxic to the roots, and at the same time, fermentation releases a lot of heat, which raises the temperature and produces the phenomenon of "burning roots".

(3) There is no place to raise flowers. People often put potted flowers in closed balconies facing east or west, so that the temperature inside the balcony rises sharply due to the radiant heat of the sun, forming a hot and dry environment. High temperature and dryness, no ventilation and easy to occur red spider harm, accelerated the death of flowers.

(4) Overwintering flowers suddenly come out of the room and overwintering flowers indoors. The leaves grown belong to semi-shade leaves or shade leaves. When they suddenly come out of the room in early spring, the shade leaves cannot adapt, and the tender leaves and buds are easily burned by sunlight. In addition, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, which is easy to cause fatal damage to flowers.

(5) Lack of sunlight Some people in order to facilitate appreciation, the flowers will be placed on the indoor table, away from the sun, resulting in its photosynthesis is inhibited, the organic nutrients in the flower body can only be consumed can not be supplemented in time, reducing the resistance of flowers, so that plants weak, death. Watering too much and too often is also a cause of plant death.

2. Harmful flowers and trees

(1) Flowers that should not be placed indoors for a long time: coniferous plants, such as a large number of indoor places, emit a strong smell of rosin oil, affecting people's appetite and making pregnant women feel sick; geranium will cause allergic reactions in some people; tulip flowers contain toxic alkali, which will make people dizzy for a long time and will make people's hair fall off; night primrose stops photosynthesis at night, a large amount of exhaust gas will be eliminated, which will make patients with hypertension and heart disease feel depressed; Jade cloves placed indoors for a long time, emitting peculiar smell, some people will cause asthma annoyance; elderberry smell will also make people nausea dizziness. Therefore, the above flowers should not be placed indoors for too long.

(2) Toxic flowers: yellow rhododendron, plants and flowers contain toxins, if eaten by mistake will be poisoned. Poinsettia, the whole plant toxic, white juice can stimulate skin redness, eating stems, leaves after poisoning death risk. Oleander: branches, leaves and bark contain toxins, ingestion of a few grams of dry matter can cause poisoning. Single tree is a succulent plant, its stem broken after the outflow of white juice can make the skin red and swollen, mistakenly into the eyes can cause blindness. Five color plum: flowers, leaves poisonous, eating by mistake will cause diarrhea, fever. Narcissus: bulbs contain lakedin, eating by mistake will cause enteritis, vomiting, flowers and leaves of branches and leaves can make the skin red and swollen. Lycoris: bulbs contain toxic substances such as lycorine, human skin contact with lycorine will cause redness and itching, lycorine inhalation of respiratory tract will cause epistaxis, eating by mistake will cause vomiting, diarrhea, cold hands and feet, shock, severe cases can be due to central nervous paralysis and death. Mimosa: the body contains mimosa base, too much contact can cause hair loss, eyebrows sparse. Tiger thorn plum, overlord whip: the white milk in the stem is poisonous, can not enter the eye. Evergreen flowers: flowers, leaves contain oxalic acid and asparagus, after eating will cause oral, throat esophagus, gastrointestinal pain, and even damage vocal cords, people become dumb. Opuntia plants, thorns contain venom, the human body stabbed easily cause skin redness, pain, itching and other allergic symptoms. Shan Hu beans: the whole plant toxic, need to educate children not to eat its red fruit.

3 How to deal with cactus rot

The stems and leaves of potted cactus plants change from green to gray, the edges are yellow, the base is soft, so that the rhizomes rot. The general reason is that the cactus plants are placed in dark, humid and poorly ventilated places after excessive watering or after the mildewed rain season, which causes the water saturation of the basin soil and serious hypoxia, resulting in the normal activities of aerobic microorganisms such as aminating bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and sulfurizing bacteria, which have the function of decomposing organic matter in the soil, are blocked. Can not effectively decompose the organic matter in the soil, so that cactus plants due to lack of mineral nutrients in the soil and appear wilting, soft and other symptoms. People without cultivation experience often mistake it for water shortage, so they keep watering, resulting in rotten roots, rotten stems and even death. In the state of soil moisture and acid, after the above situation occurs, effective measures must be taken to save. Especially after a long rain, the weather suddenly turns fine, should not immediately put the fairy palm plants in the sun exposure, should put them in a cool and ventilated place 1 - 2 days after the sun, let it slowly recover. If insolated rashly, because the plant root system water absorption ability is poor, although the pot soil is wet, the stem block, the leaf still can appear wilting phenomenon.

If there is rotten root, rotten stem phenomenon, it should be turned over for soil, cut off rotten roots, with hydrated lime (such as old wall lime) powder disinfection treatment, dry and re-basin. If the root is good, only rotten a small number of stem pieces, can take the surgical method, with a sterile knife to remove all the rotten parts, and then apply lime to make the incision quickly dry, stem pieces no longer rotten.

In the implementation of technical treatment at the same time, can be dug out part of the basin soil, placed on a ventilated windowsill or balcony, as far as possible to let its ventilation. Because the pot soil is ventilated and dry, the normal growth of cactus plants can be restored as soon as possible.