What should I pay attention to when planting camellias?

1. Soil

As we all know, camellias are suitable for growing in slightly acidic soil, with a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5. It is not suitable to grow camellias in alkaline soil and heavy clayey soil or stagnant water. Camellias grown in acidic or alkaline overweight soil have poor growth and development. The red-yellow soil in the south, the chernozem in the north, and the humus soil (mud) on the hillside are usually slightly acidic. But try not to use the river mud because the current river water pollution is more serious. Interested friends can go to the chemical store to buy PH test paper to test, or if your camellia leaves gradually fade green and yellow, indicating that your camellia soil is too alkaline, you can dilute it with ferrous sulfate according to the above instructions, and then stop using it until it returns to green.

Second, sunshine

Without light, it is not only impossible to produce photosynthesis and life activities, but also impossible to produce large, colorful and colorful flowers. The leaf surface of camellia is oriented, which needs both sunlight and strong light, so it is necessary to have sufficient diffuse light. It most avoids the scorching sun and burns the leaves, and the summer temperature is above 35 degrees (it is suggested that more than 30 degrees) should be shaded by a fence.

Bit by bit

* I like to use a sunshade net (or a transparent bamboo mat) to prevent the scorching sun from getting about 25% direct light. But don't forget to spray water around the leaves and camellias (described below).

* the sunshade net is sold in the flower market, which is the kind with small holes in the black.

Third, temperature

Camellias generally flourish at a temperature of 15: 25 ℃, when sufficient water and nutrients are needed. The growth rate above 35 ℃ slowed down. Camellia is more hardy and generally has no problem at-7 ℃. I only bring it into the house when the-5 ℃ is frozen, but I can't take it directly into a room with a higher temperature (discussed later). Generally planting camellias is more freeze-resistant, but I dare not say too much about the lack of experience in planting camellias. Only know that the cultivation of ground camellias is relatively easier than potted plants, and it is generally safe to survive the winter. The camellias after the whole winter can produce larger and more gorgeous flowers than those in the greenhouse. This is vernalization (discussed later)

Fourth, watering

Water directly affects the growth and development of camellias and is the lifeblood of camellias. Because water is the raw material of photosynthesis, the main component of cell protoplasm, and through the transpiration of water, it can also regulate the body temperature of camellias. Too much water, camellias will appear overgrowth phenomenon, inhibit flower bud differentiation, and even rot roots or soak death; too little water, camellias will appear wilting phenomenon, unable to carry out normal life activities. As camellias flourish or are cultivated in pots, the water absorbed by roots often cannot meet the replenishment needs of ground parts lost due to evaporation; in order to maintain water balance in camellias, frequent watering is needed. Potted camellias, especially need to pay special attention, pot soil should be dry in winter. This is because the growth of camellias in winter enters a resting stage, the water required physiologically is reduced, and if it is too wet in winter, it is easy to cause basin soil to freeze and damage the root system. The basin soil should be wet in summer. This is because summer is the season of high temperature and drought, and it is also a period of exuberant growth of camellias, which requires a lot of water. Watering time, spring and autumn should be in the morning and afternoon; summer noon temperature is too high, appropriate in the early morning and evening; and in winter, it is appropriate in the higher temperature at noon. In hot and dry weather, it is necessary to water camellias 2 or 3 times a day to ensure the normal growth and development of camellias.

5. Fertilization

Camellias need sufficient fertilizer in order to have strong branches, luxuriant flowers and leaves, and have a certain ornamental value. However, if the compound fertilizer is applied, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 26%, 20% and 20% respectively, which is especially suitable for the growth and development of flowers. Nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of camellias and form luxuriant plants; phosphorus fertilizer can promote the bright color of camellias and the occurrence of roots; potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of camellias and the development of roots, which is beneficial to overwintering. In fertilization, it should also be noted that in different growth stages of camellias, timely, appropriate and appropriate ways and methods should be adopted, combined with the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace element fertilizers in order to achieve good results. Organic fertilizer must be applied after full ripening, and it is generally based on the principle of multiple fertilization in a small amount. More nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in March before spring shoot germination, more phosphorus fertilizer should be applied in June during flower bud formation, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in September and after flower bud formation and flowering. The interval of fertilization should not be less than 10-15 days.

Planting method of Camellia | planting Technology of Camellia | Culture method of Camellia this paper mainly introduces the planting method of camellia, the planting technology of camellia and the culture method of camellia. [general situation] Camellia, also known as Camellia, belongs to the genus Camellia of Theaceae. Camellia flower is one of the top ten famous flowers in China because of its rich appearance and dignified elegance. It is also one of the world's famous flowers.

Camellia is native to China. In the early 7th century, Japan introduced camellias from China to a large number of camellias in China at the beginning of the 15th century. Camellia was first introduced to Britain in 1739, and then it was introduced into Europe and the United States. So far, the United States, Britain, Japan, Australia and Italy and other countries have developed rapidly in the breeding, culture and production of camellia, and have entered the stage of industrial production, and new varieties, interspecific hybrids and new varieties have been listed continuously.

The cultivation of camellia in China has a long history. Camellia has been cultivated since the Southern Dynasty. Camellia was cultivated as a precious flower in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the cultivation of camellia was very popular. In the Southern Song Dynasty, camellias from Wenzhou were introduced to Hangzhou and developed rapidly. The varieties of camellia are described and classified in the History of Flowers in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, cultivated camellias became more popular, and camellia varieties appeared continuously. Since 1949, the cultivation level of camellia in China has been improved to a certain extent, and the breeding of camellia varieties has been developed. At present, there are more than 300 varieties of camellia in China. Mass production has been started in Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangsu. At present, it has become the main pot ornamental flowers and trees in the flower market in winter.

[morphological characteristics and varieties] Camellia is an evergreen broad-leaved shrub. Leaves alternate, leathery, elliptic, margin serrate, dark green. Flowers solitary or 2-3 on top of branches or in axils of leaves. Single or semidouble flowers. Double. Common varieties are single-petal dawn, ruffled flowers, pure white; golden light, white flowers, pink lines and fine spots; large golden heart, bright red flowers, flower diameter 6-7 cm; semidouble Sailuoyang, flower red, with white spots; big pine nuts, crimson flowers; drunken concubine, pollen red; star peony, peach red. Double white beads, pure white flowers; red hibiscus, bamboo peach; hibiscus, flowers white, with red lines; flowers, pollen red, with irregular red stripes; Wuhe holding the ball, bright red flowers; Hua Fuding, flowers bright red, with a small amount of white spots; eight bachelors, flowers red; red flowers, red flowers; flower Heling, flowers light red, with white spots. The varieties selected from abroad are Adolf AdolpHeAudusson, with large, crimson and double flowers. White (AlbaPlena), large, white, double. Berenica BerenicaBoddy, light pink, semidouble, cold resistant. Debutante, with large flowers, peony type, light pink. Tang Kaila (Doncke-larii) red with white marble stripes, semidouble. Graceful (Elegans), large flowers, anemone shaped, rose red with white spots. Finlandia (Finlandia) light pink / semidouble. Canyon 40 (Glen40), large, crimson, double. Hailmei (Herme), pink with irregular white edges and dark pink stripes, semidouble. Kumasakai (Kumasaka), rose red in rose color. Magnolia (Magnoliaeflora) light red, semidouble. Massotiana (Mathotiana), large rose, crimson, double. Pure (Purity), white flowers, rose, double. In the hybrid camellia there is a giveaway (Donation), large, pink, semidouble; FragrantPint, small, peony, dark pink, very fragrant.

[biological characteristics] Camellia is native to China. Like warm, moist and semi-overcast environment. Afraid of the high temperature, avoid the scorching sun.

The optimum temperature for the growth of camellia is 18: 25 ℃, 13: 18 ℃ from March to September, and 10: 13 ℃ from September to March of the following year. When the temperature is above 12 ℃, the growth stops when the temperature is above 30 ℃. The initial temperature of flowers is 2 ℃, and the suitable temperature for flowers to bloom is 10-20 ℃. The cold-tolerant varieties of camellia can tolerate-10 ℃ for a short time, and the general variety-3murmur4 ℃. Leaf burns occur when the summer temperature exceeds 35 ℃.

Camellia is suitable for sufficient water, humid air environment, avoid drying. In summer and autumn with high temperature and drought, water should be watered or sprayed in time, and the air relative humidity should be 70% and 80%. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season so as not to cause waterlogging and rot on the roots.

Camellia is a semi-negative plant, suitable for growing under scattered light, afraid of direct light exposure, seedlings need shade. However, long-term overshade is disadvantageous to the growth of camellia, thin leaves and less flowering, affecting the ornamental value. Adult plants need more light to facilitate flower bud formation and flowering.

When cultivated in open field, the soil layer is deep and loose, the drainage is good, and the pH is 5: 6, but the alkaline soil is not suitable for the growth of camellia. Potted soil uses fertile, loose, slightly acidic loam or rotten leaf soil.

[culture methods] Cuttage, grafting, striping, sowing and tissue culture are commonly used.

Cutting culture: the most suitable is about the middle of June and the end of August. The semi-mature branches of the same year with full external tissue, complete leaves and full leaf buds were selected as cuttings, which were 8 cm long and 10 cm long, with 2 leaves at the apex. When cutting, the base takes a little old branch as far as possible, it is easy to form callus after insertion, and the root is fast. Cuttings cut early in the morning, to cut along with the cutting, insert the substrate of about 3 cm, cuttings require leaves to hand over each other, after cutting with fingers. It is better to insert it shallowly, so that it can heal and take root quickly. The inserting bed should be shaded, spray the leaf surface every day, keep it moist, keep the temperature at 20: 25 ℃, heal about 3 weeks after insertion, and take root after 6 weeks. Transplant into a pot when the root is 3-4 cm long. When cutting, 0.4% 0.5% indolebutyric acid solution was dipped in the base of the cuttings for 2-5 seconds, which could obviously promote rooting.

Grafting culture: it is often used for varieties with difficulty in rooting or few culture materials. The survival rate of grafting was the highest when the new shoots were semi-qualitative from May to June, and the shoots sprouted quickly after grafting. The rootstock is mainly Camellia oleifera, which is collected in October, stored in winter, sown in early April of the following year, and can be used for grafting when the seedling grows to 4cm. Using the method of tender branch splitting, cut off the germ of the bud rootstock with a blade, cut it longitudinally along the pith in the center of the cross section of the Hypocotyl, then take a section of the scion of Camellia, and cut the base under the node into a positive wedge, immediately insert the cut scion into the bottom of the crack of the rootstock, aim at the cambium on both sides, bind it with cotton thread, and cover it with a clean plastic pocket. Remove the pocket after about 40 days, and sprout in about 60 days.

Strip culture: plum rainy season selection of strong 1-year-old branches, 20 cm from the top, ring peeling, 1 cm wide, bound with rotten leaf soil and wrapped with plastic film, rooting after about 60 days, cut can be directly potted, the survival rate is high.

Sowing and breeding: suitable for single or semidouble varieties. The seeds are ready for sowing when they mature in the middle of October. Shallow sowing is better, vermiculite as substrate, covering 6 mm, room temperature 21 ℃, light for 10 hours per night, can promote seed germination, germination begins 15 days after sowing, seedling height reaches 8 cm within 30 days, seedlings are transplanted when they have 2 or 3 leaves.

Tissue culture: common seedlings of explants were cut into 1cm long after routine disinfection and inoculated on MS medium supplemented with kinetin 1mg / L, 6-benzylaminoadenine 1mg / L and indole acetic acid 0.1mg / L. After 4 weeks of culture, only calli were formed, but not buds. After transferred to the new medium, a single branch of 4cm was formed, then soaked in 0.5mg / L indolebutyric acid solution for 20 minutes, then transferred to 1/2MS medium, and roots grew after 4 weeks. After growing on long root medium for 8 weeks, the seedlings were transplanted to a basin filled with perlite and peat.

[cultivation management] Camellia flower pot is commonly used in 15-20 cm pot. Camellia root system is fragile, transplanting should be careful not to hurt the root system. Potted camellia, change pots after blooming in spring or September to October every year, cut off only long or dead branches, and replace them with fertile rotten leaf soil. Camellia likes to be moist, but the soil should not be too wet, especially potted plants, which can easily cause rotten roots. On the contrary, impermeable irrigation, too dry, leaves curling, will also affect the development of flower buds.

After changing the pot of camellia in spring, there is no need to apply fertilizer immediately. During the vigorous growth period of stems and leaves after the beginning of summer, fertilize once a month or use "Huiyou" 21 Mel 7 Mel 7 acid fertilizer. From budding to flowering in September, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied twice. Camellia begins to form flower buds in late summer and early autumn. One or two buds should be left on each shoot, not too many, so as not to consume nutrients and affect the flowering of the main buds. Pay attention to the position of leaf buds when picking buds in order to keep the plant shape beautiful. At the same time, the dry waste buds are easily removed.

[pest control] when camellia is cultivated indoors or in greenhouse, if it is not well ventilated, it is vulnerable to red spiders and shell insects, it can be sprayed or washed with 1000 times omethoate EC. The air humidity is high during the plum rain season, and anthracnose often occurs. It can be sprayed with the same amount of Bordeaux liquid or 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder.

[postpartum treatment] Camellia has a beautiful crown, bright green leaves, large and colorful flowers, and a long flowering period, coinciding with New Year's Day and the Spring Festival. Potted plants decorate the guest room, study and balcony, showing an elegant and luxurious atmosphere. Planted in the courtyard, accompanied by flower walls and mountains and rocks in front of the pavilion, the scenery is natural and pleasant. In the process of storage and transportation, it is necessary to prevent high temperature and air drying, otherwise buds and flowers are easy to fall off and affect the quality. Matters needing attention in planting and propagation of camellia

Understand the properties of camellia: negative plants, like semi-shady and semi-cool growth environment, prefer acidic soil, do not tolerate salt and alkali, developed roots, young roots are fleshy roots. Camellia requires fertile, loose and good air permeability.

Planting items of Camellia 1. Applicable soil

Camellia likes acidic, high humus, loose and aerated mountain red (yellow) loam, the pH value is between 5 and 6.5, alkaline soil or heavy clay soil can not be used as potted camellia substrate.

Soil preparation: mountain soil (mature red soil of crops) 50%, sawdust or edible fungus residue 40%, cake fertilizer powder or livestock manure and phosphorus fertilizer powder 10%, mix well, water appropriate amount bag ripening, summer and autumn more than 20 days, spring and winter more than 30 days, this kind of soil is not only loose and aerated, but also can preserve fertilizer and water, which is suitable for the growth and development of camellias.

2. Moderate lighting is required.

Camellias need proper light and are afraid of direct sunlight. At the end of spring and autumn, camellias should be moved to the balcony or the ground where there is much light, and receive all-day light to promote plant growth and development, flower bud differentiation and strong buds. When the sun is strongest in summer, you should move the flowerpot to a sunlit and well-ventilated environment for maintenance, or you can move it to the north balcony or the lower part of the south balcony. 75% sunshade net can also be used to cover the plants from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. to avoid direct sunlight, causing foliar trauma or small plant withering, and the camellia can be moved safely under the balcony for summer.

3. Suitable temperature

Temperature is an important condition for the physiological activity of camellia. Camellia is warm in nature, the most suitable temperature for growth is 18 ℃ to 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60 to 65%. Camellias take 180 to 240 days from bud formation to flowering.

4. Suitable humidity

Camellia has many leaves, large leaf area and fast transpiration. Camellia likes humid climate and moist soil as well. Therefore, it is necessary to replenish water to potted camellias, watering once a day in the spring and autumn growing season, once in the morning and evening in summer, especially in the "dog days", and watering or spraying the ground and the periphery of the flowerpot once or twice if the ground is dry, maintain a certain amount of air humidity, and the plant will grow luxuriantly. At the same time, pay attention to because there is a lot of watering, and most families are watering tap water, the soil of flowerpots will be alkalized for a long time. To this end, when watering, 0.5% to 1% ferrous sulfate is added every month, or 5% to 8% edible vinegar can be used to spray the leaves. Camellias like moist soil, but are afraid of stagnant water in the flowerpots. If there is stagnant water in the pots on rainy days, they must be removed in time to prevent the roots from suffocating and rotting in the water.

5. Need the right amount of nutrients

Camellia is a fertilizer-loving flower, because the tree is strong, there are more leaves, and the florescence is longer, so it needs more fertilizer. In the process of fertilization, apply sufficient liquid fertilizer, combined with changing pots, apply 3 to 80 grams of rotten cooked cake fertilizer powder or sun-dried chicken and duck manure in each pot according to the size of the flowerpot, and mix well with the bottom soil.

Increase the application of organic fertilizer according to the growth period of the plant. Except when it is the coldest and hottest in winter and summer, the rotten dry cake water is applied once or twice a month. The fertilization method is as follows: peel off the basin edge soil for about 2 minutes, and apply liquid fertilizer into the ditch to cover the ready-to-use soil to avoid odor. The rotten cake powder can also be applied on the edge of the basin and mixed well with the basin soil to allow the flowers to be absorbed slowly. Urban flower lovers can go to the flower market to buy special fertilizer for flowers, which is both hygienic and safe. In order to make camellias grow better, during the peak period of camellia peanuts, extra-root fertilization was carried out once or twice a month, and leaves were sprayed with 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% to 2% plant auxin.

The principle of fertilization: light rather than heavy, light rather than thick, less and not more. We must adhere to the method of applying thin fertilizer frequently, especially not applying raw fertilizer.

6. Be suitable for the environment

Camellia likes to grow in an environment with moderate flow of air, and likes the breeze most. It likes the water vapor brought by the southeast wind, but it is afraid of the northwest wind and strong wind, which makes the water evaporate too fast, the supply and demand of camellia is out of balance, and the plant leaves are easy to be damaged. causing the plant to drop buds and flowers. In winter, camellias should be maintained in a sheltered and sunny environment with a certain temperature and humidity. In spring and autumn, the flowerpot should be moved to the balcony to make it ventilated and shaken by the breeze, which is not only good for plant growth, but also conducive to flower bud differentiation, flower bud growth and development, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Years of practice shows that moderate ventilation and suitable light can play a role in preventing diseases and insect pests.

Propagation technique of Camellia

1. In the rainy season from May to June, select the young mother tree, cut one-year-old twigs from the top, about 10cm, remove the lower leaves, flatten the lower leaves with a blade at the bottom of the node, keep one lateral bud at the top, and insert 2-3 leaves into the medium of river sand or gravel. After insertion, cover the grass curtain to shade, strengthen the foliar spray, maintain the air humidity of the bed, and promote rooting. In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, the cuttings can be soaked in 50~100ppm 's ABT rooting powder solution for 8 hours and 12 hours.

2. Strong seedlings or camellia varieties which are easy to survive in cuttings are selected for grafting as rootstocks, cut off at the ground diameter 4~5cm, split about 1.5cm deep through the pith, use 1-2-year-old branches as scions, the upper part of the scion retains 1-2 leaves, the lower part is cut into a wedge, and inserted into the split of the rootstock, the cambium of the two sides should be closely joined, and then tied tightly with plastic belt.

After the management, cover the top of the scion with a plastic bag and tie it with a belt below, but not too tight, so as to form water droplets in the bag and keep dripping on the rootstock. Add a wrapping paper bag to the outside of the plastic bag to block out the direct sunlight.

3. The bud is inserted with each bud node as a segment, retaining a leaf, about 1.5cm, the lower oblique cut, and then inserted into the medium with a depth of covering no branches. This method can make full use of branches and is suitable for mass reproduction.

Pot soil selection: slightly acidic, loose and fertile mixed soil was selected as basin soil. the proportion of mixed soil is 6 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of pine humus soil and 2 parts of sandy soil.

The choice of basin: it is better to cultivate mud tile basin, the ratio of the size of the basin to the seedling is: seedling height 40~50cm, crown width 20~25cm camellias, the diameter of the basin is about 20cm. Other sizes, and so on. Purple sand basin is better for commercial seedlings, which can improve the ornamental effect.

Selection of potted seedlings: plants with strong growth, trunk, single stem without branches, beautiful crown, green leaves and no diseases and insect pests.

Watering management: new seedlings should be watered thoroughly for the first time and watered frequently within 2 months to keep the basin soil moist. In the future, it will be watered like other potted plants. The number of times depends on the climate, in order to keep the soil moist. More watering in spring to meet the needs of sprouting; summer should be in the morning and evening, rainy season to prevent stagnant water, autumn drought to timely watering, winter for anti-freezing, watering at noon.

Shelter and cold protection: camellias should be given plenty of sunshine in spring and rainy season, shade and cooling in summer and autumn; when the temperature drops to zero in winter, they should be moved indoors to prevent the cold.

Florescence control: early flowering or delayed flowering is achieved mainly by means of variety selection, temperature control and hormone treatment. For example, in order to delay flowering, late flowering varieties can be selected and controlled at low temperature (cold storage above 2-3 degrees, storing plants treated with bandage), which can delay flowering for one month.