Several common diseases and insect pests and control methods of cultivating Ligustrum lucidum

The advantages of easy cultivation, rapid growth and resistance to pruning and shaping of Ligustrum lucidum make it widely used in garden engineering in the north of China. Ligustrum lucidum has been planted in Hengshui City, Hebei Province for more than ten years. With the increase of application area and time, its diseases and insect pests are becoming more and more serious. Based on years of observation and research, the occurrence rules and control techniques of several most common and serious diseases and insect pests were summarized.

Grub

Through observation, it is found that the golden leaf privet is a high-quality feeding object for grubs. In the areas where red-leaf Berberis, big-leaf yellow poplar, Henan juniper and dragon cypress are planted, only the golden leaf privet is obviously harmed by grubs, even causing the death of the plants.

The grub is the larva of the beetle, which bites on the root of the golden leaf privet, and the aboveground part of the bitten plant initially wilts for lack of water. If the injured plant has enough water and the ground remains moist all the time, it will not die, but it will grow weakly. In addition, the root epidermis of the damaged plants were gnawed and easily pulled out, and the plants with sufficient water could only produce a small amount of new roots close to the surface.

The physiological characteristics of grubs occur once a year and overwintering in the soil in the form of adults or larvaes. in the northern region, the emergence and laying period of overwintering larvae is from April to the end of May, from May to July, and from September to November, the activity of overwintering larvae is peak.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) when planting seedlings, compost and barnyard manure should be used as base manure, which should be fully matured and applied. (2) if the damage area of grubs is small, the damaged seedlings can be pulled out and the larvae near the rhizosphere of seedlings can be dug out, and the digging range should be appropriately enlarged. (3) take advantage of the pseudo-death of adults to catch or shake off the crops where they landed. Or use its phototaxis to trap and kill adults with black light. (4) when adults feed, insecticides such as 4.5% cypermethrin 1000 to 1500 times, 50% phoxim EC 1000 times or 15% chlorpyrifos 1000 times can be sprayed to kill adults; during the larval damage period, 1000 to 1500 times of 50% phoxim EC or 90% to 1000 times of trichlorfon can be irrigated to the roots of seedlings. The author's practice is to irrigate phoxim once to the affected area in the previous year in early June and again in early July to completely eliminate insect pests through twice irrigation.

Pink scale

Adults and nymphs of pink scale suck plant sap, and when serious, the branches are covered with insect bodies, resulting in weak growth, easy to be infected with coal fouling disease and other diseases, which is difficult to control and seriously harmful.

The mealy scale produces three generations a year and overwinters with oocysts in the cracks of the thick skin of the branches, outside the warped skin, in the earth and stone seams or fallen leaves near the plant. when the female adults lay eggs, they first form cotton flocculent waxy oocysts, and then lay eggs in the sac. The first generation nymphs began to hatch in large numbers from the middle to late May. The nymphs of this generation hatched neatly, the second generation nymphs hatched in large numbers from the middle to late July, the third generation nymphs hatched in late August, and the latter two nymphs did not hatch neatly. It is observed that Hengshui City is seriously damaged by mealybug from June to September.

Prevention and control methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) the number of insects can be greatly reduced by thoroughly removing fallen leaves in winter and spring, and the oocysts in thick seams and warped skins are removed with a hard brush. (2) in the growing period of the first generation of pests, the effect was remarkable when they were sprayed twice with an interval of about 10 days. In each generation of nymphs harmful period, but also spray control, the agents used are poisonous scale, Lesbon, scale Dead Jing and other pesticides, spray should be uniform, spray 0.1% neutral detergent, can increase the efficacy.

Leaf spot disease

Leaf spot is the most serious disease that harms Ligustrum lucidum in Hengshui city in recent years, and even causes the shedding of leaves when it breaks out. This not only affects the growth of the plant, but also makes the plant lose its ornamental value.

Leaf spot disease is a fungal disease, which overwinters in the form of mycelium. Conidia spread through air or branch-leaf contact and invade the host from wounds and stomata. The optimum temperature for pathogen growth is 26 ℃, and the optimum temperature for spore germination is 18 ℃ to 27 ℃. In the early stage of the disease, there are nearly round brown disease spots on the leaves, often with wheel lines, and the periphery of the edge is yellow. In the initial stage, the lesion was small, and then expanded into irregular reddish-brown spots, gray-white in the center, scattered small black spots, and patches in the later stage. The diseased leaves are very easy to fall off from the branches, resulting in the phenomenon of bare branches in the affected area of Ligustrum lucidum.

Prevention and control methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) the planting density should be suitable, not too dense; the withered branches and leaves should be removed and burned in late winter and early spring; proper pruning, especially heavy pruning before germination in spring, can effectively reduce the branch density and proper pruning in the growing season, which can effectively improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce the occurrence of diseases. (2) properly reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the resistance of plants. (3) spraying mancozeb and other protective fungicides before the onset of the disease in mid-June, spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder every 10 days, or 75% methyl topiramate 700 to 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil and other fungicides, spraying 5 to 6 times in a row, several agents should be used alternately, and the control effect is significant.

Fusarium wilt

Fusarium wilt is a destructive disease to Ligustrum lucidum. Once it occurs, almost all of them die, so prevention is the key.

After Ligustrum lucidum was infected, the leaves wilted and drooped, the leaves lost luster, and gradually lost green to the leaves withered and yellow, until the whole plant withered, and the underground part showed that the fibrous roots withered.

Fusarium wilt of Ligustrum lucidum is a fungal system infection disease. Pathogens overwintered in soil and disease, invaded by underground roots, spread to all parts of plants through vascular bundles, and proliferated in vascular bundles to cause blockage or poisoning, causing plants to wilt and die. After the pathogen infects the root, the function of nutrient and water transport is lost, which makes the plant lack of nutrition and then die. High temperature and humidity are beneficial to the occurrence of the disease, so the peak of Fusarium wilt of Ligustrum lucidum is from June to August every year, and continues until October.

Prevention and control methods:

The disease should give priority to prevention, prevention is more important than treatment. Strengthen cultivation management, enhance plant resistance and reduce the chance of disease. In the middle and last ten days of May, protective fungicides such as mancozeb and mancozeb can be used for spray prevention in key disease areas. At the same time, fungicides such as 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 to 600 times, 75% methyl topiramate 600 to 700 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times can be irrigated every 10 to 15 days, 6 to 7 times in a row, and several agents should be used alternately with better control effect.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Ligustrum lucidum-the advantages of easy cultivation, rapid growth and resistance to pruning and shaping make it widely used in garden engineering in the north. Ligustrum lucidum has been planted in Hengshui City, Hebei Province for more than ten years. With the increase of application area and time, its diseases and insect pests are becoming more and more serious. Based on years of observation and research, the occurrence rules and control techniques of several most common and serious diseases and insect pests were summarized. According to the observation of grubs, it is found that golden leaf privet is the high quality food object of grubs. In the areas where red leaf Berberis, big leaf yellow poplar, Henan juniper and dragon cypress are planted, only gold leaf privet is obviously harmed by grubs, even causing the death of plants. The grub is the larva of the beetle, which bites on the root of the golden leaf privet, and the aboveground part of the bitten plant initially wilts for lack of water. If the injured plant has enough water and the ground remains moist all the time, it will not die, but it will grow weakly. In addition, the root epidermis of the damaged plants were gnawed and easily pulled out, and the plants with sufficient water could only produce a small amount of new roots close to the surface. The physiological characteristics of grubs occur once a year and overwintering in the soil in the form of adults or larvaes. in the northern region, the emergence and laying period of overwintering larvae is from April to the end of May, from May to July, and from September to November, the activity of overwintering larvae is peak. Prevention and control methods: (1) when seedlings are planted, compost and barnyard manure should be used as base manure and should be applied after full maturity. (2) if the damage area of grubs is small, the damaged seedlings can be pulled out and the larvae near the rhizosphere of seedlings can be dug out, and the digging range should be appropriately enlarged. (3) take advantage of the pseudo-death of adults to catch or shake off the crops where they landed. Or use its phototaxis to trap and kill adults with black light. (4) when adults feed, insecticides such as 4.5% cypermethrin 1000 to 1500 times, 50% phoxim EC 1000 times or 15% chlorpyrifos 1000 times can be sprayed to kill adults; during the larval damage period, 1000 to 1500 times of 50% phoxim EC or 90% to 1000 times of trichlorfon can be irrigated to the roots of seedlings. The author's practice is to irrigate phoxim once to the affected area in the previous year in early June and again in early July to completely eliminate insect pests through twice irrigation. The adults and nymphs of scale scale suck plant sap, and when they are serious, the branches are covered with insect bodies, resulting in weak growth and easy to be infected with diseases such as coal fouling disease. The mealy scale produces three generations a year and overwinters with oocysts in the cracks of the thick skin of the branches, outside the warped skin, in the earth and stone seams or fallen leaves near the plant. when the female adults lay eggs, they first form cotton flocculent waxy oocysts, and then lay eggs in the sac. The first generation nymphs began to hatch in large numbers from the middle to late May. The nymphs of this generation hatched neatly, the second generation nymphs hatched in large numbers from the middle to late July, the third generation nymphs hatched in late August, and the latter two nymphs did not hatch neatly. It is observed that Hengshui City is seriously damaged by mealybug from June to September. Control methods: (1) thoroughly remove fallen leaves and burn them in winter and spring, which can greatly reduce the number of insects; use a hard brush to remove the oocysts in the rough seams and warped skins. (2) in the growing period of the first generation of pests, the effect was remarkable when they were sprayed twice with an interval of about 10 days. In each generation of nymphs harmful period, but also spray control, the agents used are poisonous scale, Lesbon, scale Dead Jing and other pesticides, spray should be uniform, spray 0.1% neutral detergent, can increase the efficacy. Leaf spot is the most serious disease that harms Ligustrum lucidum in Hengshui city in recent years, and even causes the shedding of leaves when it breaks out. This not only affects the growth of the plant, but also makes the plant lose its ornamental value. Leaf spot disease is a fungal disease, which overwinters in the form of mycelium. Conidia spread through air or branch-leaf contact and invade the host from wounds and stomata. The optimum temperature for pathogen growth is 26 ℃, and the optimum temperature for spore germination is 18 ℃ to 27 ℃. In the early stage of the disease, there are nearly round brown disease spots on the leaves, often with wheel lines, and the periphery of the edge is yellow. In the initial stage, the lesion was small, and then expanded into irregular reddish-brown spots, gray-white in the center, scattered small black spots, and patches in the later stage. The diseased leaves are very easy to fall off from the branches, resulting in the phenomenon of bare branches in the affected area of Ligustrum lucidum. Control methods: (1) planting density should be suitable, not too dense; withered branches and leaves should be removed and burned in late winter and early spring; proper pruning, especially heavy pruning before germination in spring, can effectively reduce branch density and proper pruning in growing season. can effectively improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce disease occurrence conditions. (2) properly reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the resistance of plants. (3) spraying mancozeb and other protective fungicides before the onset of the disease in mid-June, spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder every 10 days, or 75% methyl topiramate 700 to 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil and other fungicides, spraying 5 to 6 times in a row, several agents should be used alternately, and the control effect is significant. Fusarium wilt is a destructive disease to Ligustrum lucidum. Once it occurs, almost all of them die, so prevention is the key. After Ligustrum lucidum was infected, the leaves wilted and drooped, the leaves lost luster, and gradually lost green to the leaves withered and yellow, until the whole plant withered, and the underground part showed that the fibrous roots withered. Fusarium wilt of Ligustrum lucidum is a fungal system infection disease. Pathogens overwintered in soil and disease, invaded by underground roots, spread to all parts of plants through vascular bundles, and proliferated in vascular bundles to cause blockage or poisoning, causing plants to wilt and die. After the pathogen infects the root, the function of nutrient and water transport is lost, which makes the plant lack of nutrition and then die. High temperature and humidity are beneficial to the occurrence of the disease, so the peak of Fusarium wilt of Ligustrum lucidum is from June to August every year, and continues until October. Prevention and treatment methods: the disease should be based on prevention, prevention is more important than treatment. Strengthen cultivation management, enhance plant resistance and reduce the chance of disease. In the middle and last ten days of May, protective fungicides such as mancozeb and mancozeb can be used for spray prevention in key disease areas. At the same time, fungicides such as 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 to 600 times, 75% methyl topiramate 600 to 700 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times can be irrigated every 10 to 15 days, 6 to 7 times in a row, and several agents should be used alternately with better control effect. Control strategy of diseases and insect pests of Ligustrum lucidum

The advantages of easy cultivation, rapid growth and resistance to pruning and shaping of Ligustrum lucidum make it widely used in garden engineering in the north of China. Ligustrum lucidum has been planted in Hengshui City, Hebei Province for more than ten years. with the increase of application area and time, its diseases and insect pests are becoming more and more serious. the occurrence rules and control techniques of several most common and serious diseases and insect pests were summarized.

Grub

Through observation, it is found that the golden leaf privet is a high-quality feeding object for grubs. In the areas where red-leaf Berberis, big-leaf yellow poplar, Henan juniper and dragon cypress are planted, only the golden leaf privet is obviously harmed by grubs, even causing the death of the plants.

The grub is the larva of the beetle, which bites on the root of the golden leaf privet, and the aboveground part of the bitten plant initially wilts for lack of water. If the injured plant has enough water and the ground remains moist all the time, it will not die, but it will grow weakly. In addition, the root epidermis of the damaged plants were gnawed and easily pulled out, and the plants with sufficient water could only produce a small amount of new roots close to the surface.

The physiological characteristic of grub is that it occurs one generation a year and overwinters in the soil in the form of adults or larvaes. in the northern region, the emergence and laying period of overwintering larvae is from April to the end of May, and the activity of the first generation larvae is from May to July. August to September is the emergence and spawning period of the first generation larvae, and September to November is the peak period of overwintering larvae.

Prevention and control methods: (1) when seedlings are planted, compost and barnyard manure should be used as base manure and should be applied after full maturity. (2) if the damage area of grubs is small, the damaged seedlings can be pulled out and the larvae near the rhizosphere of seedlings can be dug out, and the digging range should be appropriately enlarged. (3) make use of the pseudo-death of the adult to capture or shake down and kill the adult on the crop where it falls, or use its phototaxis to trap and kill the adult with black light. (4) when adults feed, insecticides such as 4.5% cypermethrin 1000 to 1500 times, 50% phoxim EC 1000 times or 15% chlorpyrifos 1000 times can be sprayed to kill adults; during the larval damage period, 1000 to 1500 times of 50% phoxim EC or 90% to 1000 times of trichlorfon can be irrigated to the roots of seedlings. The author's practice is to irrigate phoxim once to the affected area in the previous year in early June and again in early July to completely eliminate insect pests through twice irrigation.

Pink scale

Adults and nymphs of pink scale suck plant sap, and when serious, the branches are covered with insect bodies, resulting in weak growth, easy to be infected with coal fouling disease and other diseases, which is difficult to control and seriously harmful.

The mealy scale produces three generations a year, overwintering with oocysts in thick skin seams, warped skins, earth-stone seams or fallen leaves near the plants. when female adults lay eggs, they first form cotton flocculent waxy oocysts, and then lay eggs in the sac. The first generation nymphs began to hatch in large numbers from the middle to late May. The nymphs of this generation hatched neatly, the second generation nymphs hatched in large numbers from the middle to late July, the third generation nymphs hatched in late August, and the latter two nymphs did not hatch neatly. It is observed that Hengshui City is seriously damaged by mealybug from June to September.

Control methods: (1) thoroughly remove fallen leaves and burn them in winter and spring, which can greatly reduce the number of insects; use a hard brush to remove the oocysts in the rough seams and warped skins. (2) in the growing period of the first generation of pests, the effect was remarkable when they were sprayed twice with an interval of about 10 days. In each generation of nymphs harmful period, but also spray control, the agents used are poisonous scale, Lesbon, scale Dead Jing and other pesticides, spray should be uniform, spray 0.1% neutral detergent, can increase the efficacy.

Leaf spot disease

Leaf spot is the most serious disease that harms Ligustrum lucidum in Hengshui city in recent years, and even causes the shedding of leaves when it breaks out. This not only affects the growth of the plant, but also makes the plant lose its ornamental value.

Leaf spot disease is a fungal disease, which overwinters in the form of mycelium. Conidia spread through air or branch-leaf contact and invade the host from wounds and stomata. The optimum temperature for pathogen growth is 26 ℃, and the optimum temperature for spore germination is 18 ℃ to 27 ℃. In the early stage of the disease, there are nearly round brown disease spots on the leaves, often with wheel lines, and the periphery of the edge is yellow. In the initial stage, the lesion was small, and then expanded into irregular reddish-brown spots, with grayish white in the center, scattered small black spots, and patches in the later stage. The diseased leaves are very easy to fall off from the branches, resulting in the phenomenon of bare branches in the affected area of Ligustrum lucidum.

Control methods: (1) planting density should be suitable, not too dense; withered branches and leaves should be removed and burned in late winter and early spring; proper pruning, especially heavy pruning before germination in spring, can effectively reduce branch density and proper pruning in growing season. can effectively improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce the occurrence of diseases. (2) properly reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the resistance of plants. (3) spraying mancozeb and other protective fungicides before the onset of the disease in mid-June, spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder every 10 days, or 75% methyl topiramate 700 to 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil and other fungicides, spraying 5 to 6 times in a row, several agents should be used alternately, and the control effect is significant.

Fusarium wilt

Fusarium wilt is a destructive disease to Ligustrum lucidum. Once it occurs, almost all of them die, so prevention is the key.

After Ligustrum lucidum was infected, the leaves wilted and drooped, the leaves lost luster, and gradually lost green to the leaves withered and yellow, until the whole plant withered, and the underground part showed that the fibrous roots withered.

Fusarium wilt of Ligustrum lucidum is a fungal system infection disease. Pathogens overwintered in soil and disease, invaded by underground roots, spread to all parts of plants through vascular bundles, and proliferated in vascular bundles to cause blockage or poisoning, causing plants to wilt and die. After the pathogen infects the root, the function of nutrient and water transport is lost, which makes the plant lack of nutrition and then die. High temperature and humidity are beneficial to the occurrence of the disease, so the peak of Fusarium wilt of Ligustrum lucidum is from June to August every year, and continues until October.

Prevention and treatment methods: the disease should be based on prevention, prevention is more important than treatment. Strengthen cultivation management, enhance plant resistance and reduce the chance of disease. In the middle and last ten days of May, protective fungicides such as mancozeb and mancozeb can be used for spray prevention in key disease areas. At the same time, fungicides such as 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 to 600 times, 75% methyl topiramate 600 to 700 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times can be irrigated every 10 to 15 days, 6 to 7 times in a row, and several agents should be used alternately with better control effect.