Cultivation techniques of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Chrysanthemum is a plant of the family Compositae, which is used in medicine with head inflorescence. It has the effect of soothing wind and heat, clearing liver and eyesight, and is mainly used to treat exogenous wind-heat, dizziness and headache. Often drinking chrysanthemum tea has the function of avoiding summer heat and relieving annoyance. Chrysanthemums are cultivated all over the country, among which the famous ones are chrysanthemum from Anhui, Hangzhou white chrysanthemum from Zhejiang, Huai chrysanthemum from Henan, and Qi chrysanthemum from Hebei, which are important Chinese herbal medicines exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Chrysanthemums like warm climate and sunny environment, can be cold-tolerant, afraid of waterlogging, but the seedling stage, flowering stage can not lack of water, chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, sensitive to the length of sunshine, no more than 10 hours of light every day to bud and blossom.

Planting and cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation: the soil for planting chrysanthemum is not strict, but it is better to grow in the soil with good drainage, fertile, loose and humus-rich soil. Clay land and low-lying land should not be planted, saline-alkali land should not be planted, and continuous cropping should be avoided.

2. Propagation methods: ramet propagation and cutting propagation.

① split propagation: after picking chrysanthemums in November, the stems of chrysanthemums were cut off all over the ground, plants with strong growth and disease-free were selected, their roots were all dug out, and replanted on a fertile land, and a layer of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer was applied to keep warm through the winter. From March to April of the following year, the dung was removed and watered. From April to May, when the chrysanthemum seedlings grew to 15 cm high, the whole plant was dug out, divided into several plants, and immediately planted in the field. When planting, the row spacing was 40 cm, burrows were dug, and 2 seedlings were planted in each hole. After planting, the seedlings were covered with compaction and watered with fixed root water. Generally, about 15 mu of production fields could be planted with old seedlings per mu.

② cuttage propagation: from April to May or from June to August, a new technique with sturdy and disease-free cuttings was selected. Take the middle section, cut it into a 15cm section, treat the cuttings with plant hormones, and then insert the cuttings into the seedbed with a row spacing of 20ml / 25cm and a plant spacing of 6m / 7cm, compacted and watered. The roots can be rooted in about 20 days. Human and animal dung water is applied every other month, and the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery when the seedling height is 20cm.

③ transplanting: ramet seedlings in April-May, cutting seedlings in May-June transplanting. Choose cloudy or rainy or sunny evening, on the whole border, dig holes according to the bead spacing of 40 cm each, and the hole depth is 6 cm. Then, take the seedlings, plant 1 plant in each hole, and plant 2 plants in each hole. After planting, cover the soil and press it, and pour the root water.

Planting field management

1. Weeding in the middle ploughing: after the chrysanthemum seedlings are transplanted and survived, weeding should be carried out 4-5 times before budding. Each weeding should be shallow or deep, and soil should be cultivated at the same time to prevent chrysanthemum seedlings from lodging.

2. Topdressing: chrysanthemum likes fertilizer. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out for 5 times during the growing period. For the first time, 15 kg urea was applied to accelerate seedlings after transplanting. The second time in the plant branch school, cake fertilizer, human feces and urine could be applied per mu, and the third fertilization was in the budding stage.

3. Picking buds: after the chrysanthemum branches, before and after Lesser Fullness of Grain, when the seedling height is 25 cm, take the heart off for the first time, choose a sunny day to remove the top 1mm, then pick the heart every half a month, and stop after Greater Heat, otherwise there are too many branches, malnutrition, and the flower head becomes small, affecting the yield and quality of the chrysanthemum.

4. pest control: the common diseases of chrysanthemum are root rot, downy mildew, brown spot and so on. In the rainy season, chrysanthemum is prone to leaf withering of the whole plant. When pulled up, the root system is moldy and there are rhizosphere nematodes, which seriously affect the growth of chrysanthemum. The control method is to treat chrysanthemum seedlings and planting holes with carbofuran before transplanting to avoid rot; in addition, diseased plants should be pulled out in time; and stagnant water in the field should be eliminated in time in the rainy season. Other diseases and insect pests can be treated according to conventional methods.

Harvest and processing

It is usually collected from Frosts Descent to the Beginning of Winter. The suitable period is to spread the flower heart for 2 / 3. To harvest chrysanthemums, you should choose sunny days and process them in time after harvest to prevent decay and discoloration. There are traditional processing methods in each producing area. The processing method of chrysanthemum is as follows: when the flowers are in full bloom and the petals are generally white, the stalks are cut off, tied into small bundles, hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place to dry, can not be exposed to the sun, otherwise the aroma is poor. When drying to 80% dry, you can pick the flowers, place them in the fumigation room and whiten them with sulfur, and then dry them in a thin spread for 1 day. And then pack it. The processing method of gong chrysanthemum is as follows: direct drying room for refining and drying, using smokeless charcoal as fuel, the temperature of the room is controlled between 40 ℃ and 50 min, spread the chrysanthemum on the bamboo curtain, when the flower color is supplied to ivory white, take it out from the donor room, and then place the ventilated and dry place until it is fully dry. The yield per mu of chrysanthemum is generally about 100 kg, with large flowers, white or bright yellow flowers, thick petals or many petals and close petals.