How to grow orchids best?

Orchid is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, together with chrysanthemum, daffodils, calamus and Siya. In ancient times, good articles are called Lanzhang, and affectionate friends are called Orchid Friends, or Orchid Friendship, so orchids have become a symbol of good things in the world. Xiaobian is here to share with you how to raise orchids best.

Conservation of environment

Orchids are generally found in alpine forests, shrubs and weeds, and are also found in wild and bamboo forests. The formula for raising orchids is "love the rising sun, avoid the setting sun, like the warmth of the south, and fear the coolness of the north". Orchids are afraid of smoke and dust.

1. Cultivation substrate

Wild orchids grow in the mountains with shade, ventilation and no stagnant water, so the cultivation substrate requires aeration, softness, good leakage and slight acidity. The most commonly used outdoor cultivation is mud and flower soil.

Orchid mud refers to the soil attached to the rock concave on the mountain, which is made of plant leaves rotted by the wind and rain in the sun, and the soil is soft, aerated and slightly acidic. Jiangnan in China is used to digging orchid mud in Huaiji Mountain in Shaoxing, Yanwoling in Yuyao, Shiniushan in Fuyang, Baoshan in Hangzhou, Tongguanshan in Yixing, Junshan in Nantong and Yushan in Changshu. It was known as a load of mashed flowers and a load of rice before liberation.

Weathered rock gravel soil can also be used as a cultivation base. Farmers in Cangyan Town, Shengzhou have used the gravel soil of Cangyan Mountain as the cultivation substrate. Cangyan has been cultivated with this soil for more than 100 years. Some people use laterite brick gravel and laterite mud as the basis for cultivation, while others use the soil with tufted weeds baked by fire to form crushed baked soil as the matrix. The above two kinds are combined with the characteristics of ventilation, water permeability and slight acid, and are rich in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which can be used as orchid cultivation substrate, but nitrogen fertilizer should be supplemented properly.

In recent years, with the introduction of orchid cultivation in Hong Kong, Taiwan and abroad, indoor orchid cultivation has been greatly popularized. Therefore, water moss, perlite, volcanic alluvial stone, granular brick, granular immortal soil and granular peat are used as ideal substrates. Their greatest advantage is that it is convenient for water management.

2. Temperature and humidity

The best growth temperature of Jiangsu and Zhejiang orchids is 18 Mel 30 degrees Celsius, below 5 degrees Celsius, the growth is slow above 35 degrees Celsius, and the reproductive growth period is 5 Murray 18 degrees Celsius.

Orchids grow well when the air relative humidity is 60-70%. Too dry or too wet can easily cause orchid disease. Therefore, outdoor cultivation should create a humidity microclimate suitable for orchid growth, and indoor sprayers and hygrometers should be installed.

3. Lighting control

Wild orchids grow under the bamboo trees of Maolin, and the jungle blocks the strong sunlight. Make orchids like yin and fear yang. Sunlight is essential for plants to carry out photosynthesis and is the energy source for producing nutrients. Orchids like the morning sunshine. The morning sun rises at the beginning, the sunlight angle is low, the orchid receives light area is large. And because the morning sun is blocked by the morning fog, the light is relatively soft, and direct light will not burn the orchid leaves. After night nutrition accumulation, orchid has the strongest photosynthetic ability in the morning. Therefore, before 07:00 in summer, you can let the sun shine directly on the orchid leaves, and after 07:00, you can block the sun with a 50% Murray shading net.

Before and after the Qingming Festival, orchids can bask in the sun more, promote roots and send more leaf buds. After White Dew, the weather turns cool and most of the new grass grows. It can also shine more sunshine to make the buds full, so that the orchid plants can accumulate more nutrients to facilitate their growth in the coming year. The length of sunlight directly affects the growth of orchids. The sun shines more, the orchid leaf is more yellow, the orchid root is developed, the healthy flower. On the contrary, the orchid leaves are dark green, the root system is underdeveloped, and it is not easy to bloom. The petals that have been exposed to sunlight for a long time are thick, on the contrary, the petals are thin. However, if excessive exposure to the sun, it may burn orchid leaves, or even cause water loss, death.

4. Moisture requirement

Controlling moisture is the most fundamental condition for raising orchids. The texture of the orchid leaf is thicker and the surface is protected by the stratum corneum, so the orchid leaf does not consume a lot of water. The pseudoscale and fleshy roots of orchid can store certain nutrients and water, so they are more tolerant to drought. In addition to rooting, germination and rapid growth period, more water is needed, and less water is consumed at other times.

If there is too much water, causing stagnant water in the soil and blocking the breathing of the roots, the roots are easy to rot. Too much water will also cause the cell wall of orchid leaves to be filled with water and the stomata on the leaves to open, resulting in weak nutrients, resulting in delicate tissue, poor growth and diseases. Orchids like rain and fear to be scrawled, happy and moist and afraid of wetting. Due to the different air humidity in spring, summer, autumn and winter, the growth rate of orchids is different, and the water requirements are also different. Whether orchids can be planted or not depends mainly on whether they can be watered or not.

5. Air control

Orchids like circulating and pollution-free air. Orchid cultivation places should be away from gas, oil fumes, away from dusty places. Lampblack and dust are attached to the leaves, which will block the respiration of the leaves and affect the photosynthesis. Poor ventilation will attach bacteria and viruses to the leaves, endangering the growth of orchids.

6. Fertilizer requirements

Orchids like light, fertilization is better light than thick. Like other plants, nitrogen can promote the growth of stems and leaves. Phosphorus can promote the development of orchid root, promote the development of reproductive organs, and stretch the stems and leaves. Magnesium, sulfur, iron and other trace elements can make leaves green and flowers strong.

More fertilizer should be applied during the peak growth period of orchids, but not during dormant or weak growth periods. If excessive fertilization, the roots and leaves will be burned, resulting in irreparable losses.

"three points of planting, seven points of cultivation", this is the ancient experience of orchid cultivation. Maintenance is related to whether orchids are luxuriant and blooming, so it is reasonable for predecessors to attach great importance to this. The methods of conservation and management of orchids are described in detail below.