Culture methods of camellias

Camellia has beautiful shape, rich and shiny leaves, beautiful and colorful flowers, is also one of the famous flowers in Yunnan Province, Chongqing City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The cultivation of Chinese camellia entered the court as early as the Sui and Tang dynasties. So how to cultivate camellias? Let's share the culture methods of camellias:

Culture environment of camellia

The suitable temperature for camellia growth is between 15 and 32 ℃, which requires a certain temperature difference and ambient humidity of more than 60%. Most varieties can withstand the low temperature of-8 ℃ (natural overwintering, Yuncha is slightly less resistant to cold), and generally can survive the winter naturally in the south of Huaihe River. The cultivation soil of camellia should be acidic and require good air permeability. The root hair is developed and can usually be cultivated with peat, sawn wood, laterite, sawn soil, or above mixed substrate. Camellia requires stronger light than rhododendron, can not be shaded in spring, autumn and winter, and 50% shading in summer.

1. Light and temperature: Camellia is a long-day plant. Flower buds can only be formed in an environment that lasts 12 hours a day. The optimum growth temperature is 18: 25 ℃, and the optimum flowering temperature is 10: 20 ℃. The leaves will be burned if the temperature is higher than 35 ℃. Not cold-resistant, should enter the room in winter, the temperature should be maintained at 3: 5 ℃, can also withstand a low temperature of-10 ℃ for a short time, but not more than 16 ℃ for a long time, otherwise it will promote germination and cause fallen leaves. During the growing period, you should be placed in a semi-overcast environment and should not accept excessive direct sunlight. Especially in summer and autumn, shade should be carried out, or under the trees in a sparse shade.

2. Watering and fertilization: Camellia has higher requirements for fertilizer and water, and both neutral and alkaline loam are disadvantageous to its growth. In the north, special attention should be paid to the acidification of alkaline water before watering the flowers. the specific method is to store the tap water for 2 days to volatilize the chlorine in the water, and then add an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate (about 0.5% of the water). The amount of water should not be too large, otherwise the roots will rot easily. The basin soil can not be dry, otherwise it is easy to make the roots shrink because of water loss, so as to keep the basin soil and the surrounding environment moist. Don't spray water during flowering. It is better to apply fertilizer with thin alum fertilizer and water, and avoid applying thick fertilizer. Generally, after sprouting in spring, thin fertilizer and water is applied every 17 days, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied in summer, fertilizer can be stopped for about one month in early autumn, alum fertilizer is applied again before flowering, and available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied when flowering, so that the flower is big and colorful and the florescence is long.

Propagation methods of Camellia

There are many propagation methods of camellia, both sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction can be used, among which cutting and grafting are the most common.

1. Cutting propagation: cutting propagation is the most convenient, and the most suitable cutting time is in September, and it can also be done in spring. Select the well-growing, semi-lignified branches, remove the basal leaves, retain the upper 3 leaves, cut them into an oblique mouth with a sharp knife, immediately soak the incision in 200~500ppm indolebutyric acid for 15 minutes, dry it into a sand basin or vermiculite basin, water the wound for about 40 days, and take root for about 60 days. The cuttings treated with hormone took root 2-3 months earlier than those without hormone. Vermiculite is used as a slotting bed, and it takes root much faster than a sand bed.

2. Breeding by grafting: choose appropriate varieties such as tea cup tea or Camellia oleifera as rootstock and connect valuable camellias. The connecting time is usually between Ching Ming Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. First plant the rootstock in the flowerpot, cut off about half of the joint with a knife, the incision should be smooth, then make the cut of both sides closely fit, wrap it with plastic film, drench the rootstock twice a day, and heal after 60 days. At that time, it can be cut off and planted in the shade of trees to avoid direct sunlight. In February of the following year, the tail of the rootstock was cut off with a knife and then planted.

3. Leaf cutting propagation: leaf cutting propagation is generally used in camellia propagation, but some valuable varieties are also used because of the limitation of the source of branches or considering that the shape of the tree will be affected after sampling. Using mountain mud as the cutting substrate, it can be mixed with 1 stroke 3 river sand to facilitate ventilation and drainage, and the matrix is stored in a tile basin, and then cut in the basin. Leaf insertion is best carried out in the rainy season, take one-year-old leaves as leaf insertion material, too old is not easy to root, too young and easy to rot. Insert about 2 cm into the soil, press the soil after insertion, pour enough water, and then put it in a cool and ventilated place. Generally, it can take root in 3 months, and it can sprout and branch in the next spring.

4. High-cutting propagation: the most important feature of the high-altitude cutting method is that it can give new life to all the weak twigs on the camellias that should have been pruned. And this method has the advantages of high survival rate, quick rejuvenation and early flowering. The method is as follows: the thin branches that need to be trimmed off are girdled in an appropriate position, and the girdling length can be between 5mm and 8mm (generally the upper part can be left into 15cm branches). The plastic film of appropriate size is bound, and the disinfected peat soil or rotten leaf soil is added into the film, and after 7 days, the lower part of the plastic film is peeled again for 5mm, which is called double-ring peeling high insertion method.

5. Tree grafting propagation: Camellia is a plant that is difficult to survive. There are a variety of propagation methods of camellia, among which grafting is the most commonly used. Grafting propagation of camellias has many advantages: it can maintain the excellent characters of varieties; it can accelerate plant growth, make it take shape rapidly, and large-scale production; saving panicles, especially for those rare varieties with few sources of panicles, is particularly important; Camellia grafting camellia techniques are as follows.

① grafting time: the suitable grafting time is from June to July, when the new leaves of camellia scion have been unfolded, and the temperature is higher, the grafting wound heals quickly and the survival rate is high.

② grafting method: using the cutting method in the grafting method. Because of the high position of grafting, we often call it "high grafting head".

After watching the culture environment and breeding methods of tea, please follow the editor to take a look at the culture methods of camellias.