Cultivation method of gladiolus

Sword orchid is a light-loving long-day plant, avoid cold, like cool climate in summer, can not tolerate excessive heat, the corm germinates under the condition of 4: 5 ℃, and grows best at 20: 25 ℃. The nature likes the rich and deep sandy soil, which requires good drainage, so it is not suitable to plant in the place where heavy soil is prone to waterlogging. The summer growth in Northeast and North China is better than that in Guangzhou and Shanghai. In winter in Shanghai, you can safely spend the winter in the open field, while in the north, you need to dig out the bulbs and put them indoors for the winter.

Reproduction method

The reproduction of sword orchid is mainly divided ball reproduction, the new ball blossoms in the second year, in order to accelerate reproduction, the bulb can also be cut, each piece must have bud and root part, the incision must be coated with plant ash, slightly dried and planted, when cultivating new varieties, multi-use sowing and propagation, seeds are picked in autumn and sowing, and the germination rate is high; winter seedlings are transferred to greenhouse culture, the Spring Equinox is planted in the open field, strengthen management, some seedlings can blossom in autumn.

Field management

The cultivation of sword orchid should choose sandy loam with sunny, good drainage and high humus content; although it can grow and blossom in clay, the development of renewal ball is poor, and there are few small balls formed under the big ball, and enough base fertilizer should be applied in the soil before planting. The type of base fertilizer is rich in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The planting depth varies according to soil properties and corm size, generally 5 cm to 10 cm, plant spacing 15 cm to 25 cm, topdressing 3 times during the growth period. The first time after the two leaves unfold, to promote the bud stem and leaf growth; the second time, in the 4-leaf stem elongation to promote the bud, to promote the flower branch stout, the flower is large; the third time, after flowering, to promote the regeneration ball development. Sunshine during the growing period is beneficial to the differentiation and development of flower buds. In case of drought in summer, adequate irrigation should be provided, and attention should be paid to drainage and irrigation in the rainy season.

Key points of cultivation

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Sandy loam should be selected for planting sword orchid. The soil layer should be deep, loose, good drainage and avoid stagnant water. Make the border 20 cm high and 1 m ~ 1.5 m wide. Fertilization should take into account both nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As the sword orchid is a shallow root plant, fertilizer should be applied shallowly. Topdressing in the two true leaf stage (after flower bud differentiation) and heading stage, apply dilute fecal water plus urea once, re-apply potassium fertilizer in the middle stage, and pay attention to nitrogen control in the later stage, so as to avoid plant overgrowth and lodging. The plots dominated by seed bulb production should be mainly increased with potash fertilizer.

2. Corm selection and treatment: after determining the cultivated varieties, attention should be paid to the selection of corms, the selection of varieties should not be mixed, and the bulbs without disease and bud damage should be selected. Before planting, soak the graded bulbs in water for 15 minutes, then soak them with 0.1% mercury or formalin 80 times solution for half an hour to disinfect, remove and rinse thoroughly before sowing.

3. Planting period: under natural conditions, it is generally planted from April to May and the ground temperature is about 10C. If the annual production is to be produced, it should be determined according to different flowering periods. Under the condition of guaranteed temperature and light, those who require New Year's Day to be listed before should be planted in early September, those listed during the Spring Festival can be planted at the end of September, and those who supply cut flowers in early spring can be planted from late November to late December. Those that bloom from late May to early June can sprout in early February, plant in the open field in early April, and those flowering on National Day can be planted from early June to mid-July.

4. Break dormancy: bulbs dormancy continuously at low temperature for about 3 months. If you need to plant in advance, you can first use 35 ℃ high temperature treatment for 15-20 days, and then use 2C~3 C low temperature treatment for 20 days to break dormancy. However, during this period, the bulb should be kept dry, too much humidity is easy to cause corm rot.

5. Planting specifications: it varies with the plant type of the variety, 20 cm square for large plant type and 10 cm square for small and medium plant type. The planting depth is generally 3 cm ~ 10 cm. In order to prevent lodging, when planting bulbs, put 2 layers of 20 cm square nylon grid on the planting bed in advance, and then pull and tighten layer by layer with pillars as the plant grows, to prevent the plant from lodging and bending the flower stem.