Breeding Methods of Ficus Trees--New Techniques of Breeding Ficus Trees

The banyan tree is an evergreen plant of Moraceae, with elegant and huge crown and air root, which can bear both shade and yang, moisture and drought, many varieties and easy shaping. It is an excellent tree species for soil and water conservation, urban greening and bonsai production. Several new techniques for seedling breeding of banyan are briefly introduced as follows:

1. Seed breeding techniques of banyan tree

The use of seeds to breed banyan seedlings is simple and easy, the number of seedlings is large, and the growth potential of seedlings is strong. In the late autumn from September to October every year, the blackened and ripe fruit from last year's banyan tree was collected, wrapped with double gauze and scrubbed in water repeatedly until the pulp was washed clean, leaving only the seeds, spread out and dried (not in the sun) and stored in a cloth bag or paper bag in a ventilated and dry place. The Beginning of Spring took out the seeds before and after January to February or May to June of the next year and sowed the fine seeds evenly on the irrigated sand bed after exposure for 2 days. the small arch shed was covered with plastic film, and the seedlings emerged in about half a month, and gradually released the wind to refine the seedlings. when the seedling length is more than 5 cm, it can be transplanted according to the seedling density, and when it reaches 30 cm, it can be transplanted and planted. Most areas of Yunnan should guard against spring snow and cold damage before the middle of March. In the low-heat valley, some banyan seeds will mature once in early April, which can be picked, scrubbed and dried, then exposed to the sun for 2 days and sowed in the sand bed with moisturizing and moderate shade. The banyan seed seedling is prone to quenching disease during seedling emergence, which can be controlled by carbendazim and Bordeaux solution.

Vegetable garden soil for sand bed ∶ farm fertilizer ∶ compound fertilizer = 10000 ∶ 500 ∶ 20 mix well and water well, cover with plastic film for about 1 month and spread evenly on the seedbed, 20 cm thick, and then cover with a layer of 2-3 cm thick fine purple river sand. Cover with banyan seeds. The banyan tree sowed 3-5 seeds per grid into flue-cured tobacco floating seedling floating plate grid, carried out soilless cultivation, and left 1 seedling in each square after emergence, and the effect was also very good.

2. Cutting breeding techniques of banyan seedlings.

Cutting propagation can shorten the breeding time of banyan trees and cultivate seedlings by pruning abandoned branches. The climate in Yunnan is dry and wet, so it is appropriate for banyan cuttage to raise seedlings 20 days before the Spring Festival in early January, and between Grain in Beard and Greater Heat in open field. When cutting, the 1-3-year-old 1-5 cm branches of young trees were selected, and the effect of one-year-old stumps germinated after re-pruning was better. The branches are cut into 20-100cm segments, the lower oblique shears, the upper flat shears, 90% of the branches and leaves are removed, the upper and de-branching shears are tightly sealed with plastic film, and the base is soaked in 510000 naphthalene acetic acid or 1/10000ABT1 rooting powder for 1 hour, then the cuttings are immediately inserted into the sand bed. The sand layer of the cutting sand bed is thicker than that of the seed breeding sand bed, which is generally 10 cm thick. The cuttings are generally inserted into the sand layer of 5 cm to 8 cm, so that the cuttings take root in the sand layer, and the roots can be inserted into the nutrient soil layer as soon as possible. After cutting, we should focus on moderate shading, temperature and humidity control before and after new bud germination and rooting.

Third, the high branch striping breeding technique of banyan tree.

High branch pressing can quickly breed larger banyan seedlings. The annual rainy season is the prosperous period of banyan root system, and the high branch pressing of banyan tree is the easiest to take root before and after Dragon Boat Festival in June. Select the appropriate position of the outer branch of the young and middle-aged tree (generally 1cm in diameter), cut the branch circumference with a knife to cut the branch circumference 1cm 5cm 3cm, deep to the xylem, with thick and anti-aging plastic film or straw mat, filled with moist fine river sand or river sand mixed with sawdust, etc., and wrap it in the injured position with light fillers within the range of branch bearing, so that the root system of the strip can be developed. At the beginning of the next spring, the seedlings with high branches and strips can be obtained by sawing off the feet under the bandage, which can be transplanted directly. When transplanting, cut off 2 big 3 leaves, apply sufficient pond fertilizer, irrigate through water and cover with film planting. It is better to treat the roots with rooting powder when the roots are injured at the time of pressing and transplanting, and the high branch striping seedlings with few roots or temporary non-colonization can be pseudo-planted in the seedling bed for a period of time before transplanting.

4. Grafting technique of banyan tree

Banyan grafting is widely used in the rapid replacement of banyan varieties, the rapid production of banyan bonsai and the rapid rejuvenation of aging trees. The grafting period of banyan tree is appropriate before and after the Spring Festival order is made in January or from the middle of June to the end of July (from Grain in Beard to Greater Heat). When grafting, the rootstock is truncated in the appropriate position, the lower branches and buds are removed but some old leaves should be retained, and then the sturdy and full one-year-old branches with leaves taken outside the young and middle-aged trees in the surrounding area are used as scions, and the branches that are about to sprout are selected for grafting in early spring. In the summer high temperature period, the top is tightly sealed with plastic film after removing the tender part of the tip, and then split grafting, skin grafting, ventral grafting and other methods are used after removing 2 and 3 leaves. After the grafting, the plastic film strip was wrapped tightly, and then an appropriate amount of cement mass was wrapped in the grafting site as a moisturizing material. finally, the scion and the grafting site were covered with a plastic bag, and the mouth of the plastic bag was bound and sealed by the tree trunk below the grafting position. After grafting, the sprouting of the rootstock should be removed in time, leaving only the old leaves. After the scion sprouting survived, the moisturizing plastic bag should be removed. After the grafting wound heals, remove the grafting site and wrap the plastic strip. The grafting of banyan tree is different from that of other deciduous tree species. Because the scion cannot be sealed with wax, it needs to be moisturized by plastic bag.

Fifth, the technique of inducing aerial root of banyan tree.

By inducing aerial roots, banyan trees can strengthen the tree momentum, accelerate growth, and form the spectacle of a single tree into a forest. During the coming rainy season around the Dragon Boat Festival every year, a knife is used to cut a wound in the trunk of the banyan tree that needs to induce aerial roots, reaching to the xylem. Select the place where the aerial roots of the banyan tree are to be induced into the ground, and then find a sturdy dragon bamboo. Cut into a bamboo segment as long as the distance from the induction point of aerial root to the entry point, split into two halves to remove the internal partition of bamboo joints, and tie the two half pieces together into a hollow bamboo tube, which is filled with moist river sand. Then the two ends of the bamboo tube are fixed on the burial point and the induced point of aerial root with wounds. Watering the top of the bamboo tube during a long drought will induce the growth of roots at the beginning of spring next year, which can remove the bamboo tube or let it rot naturally.

VI. Techniques for rapid breeding of large banyan seedlings

Banyan seedlings have inflated radish-like roots, roots can be unearthed in thousands, dry into the soil can form roots, multiple roots can be bound to form a root, multiple trunks can be bound to form a trunk, and its radish roots grow much faster than tree trunks. By using this characteristic, the seedling formation speed of large banyan seedlings can be accelerated by at least 3 times, and the seedling raising time can be greatly shortened. The specific method is to select loose and fertile land and apply foot fertilizer to deep turning and leveling. Select ordinary brick pot-shaped flowerpots with the same diameter or close to the required large-size banyan seedlings (usually 20cm), select small banyan seedlings (usually 1cm-3cm diameter) with roots that can accommodate in tile pots and plant them in tile pots, and then put or plant seedlings with pots in the seedling bed to cultivate seedlings with a diameter of 20cm, and the planting density is generally 2.5 × 2.5m. It is not suitable to move tile seedlings after placement, but other crops or seedlings can be interplanted in the first few years. The earthen seedlings placed in the seedling bed should be covered with soil around the earthen basin, and the thickness of the covering soil should be 2 to 3 to the edge of the earthen basin. For the earthen seedlings planted in the seedling bed, the planting depth is the same as the thickness of the covered soil of the seedlings. After planting for half a year, the main stem is cut off near the flowerpot soil, and 3 or 5 germinating branches are selected to cultivate the natural and happy shape of the main branch. at the same time, do a good job in daily water and fertilizer management to keep the root length of the banyan tree from turning over the edge of the tile pot.

When the banyan seedlings are planted in this way, the roots of the seedlings in the first year are full of tile pots, the roots of the seedlings in the second and third years are huddled together in the tile basin, and the roots held together in the fourth and fifth years have grown into a single root, and one of them must grow from the drain hole at the bottom of the tile basin and enter the seedling bed to form another root system. Remove the broken tile basin before coming out of the nursery, eradicate the section of the original tile basin, which is composed of many roots and grow into a root, remove the surrounding soil and expose it in the air to form a tree diameter.

Using several banyan seedlings or several branches of a banyan tree to weave or tie together to plant seedlings can also speed up the formation of large banyan seedlings, but the effect is worse than that of pot cultivation.

It usually takes fifteen or sixteen years to cultivate 20cm and 25cm large banyan seedlings by the conventional method of allowing them to grow naturally, and it only takes five or six years to cultivate the same size banyan seedlings by the above-mentioned pot planting method, and it can increase the seedling density in the seedling bed, cultivate the tree shape as needed, cultivate young seedlings with strong vitality, and solve the problem that the tree is weak and unable to recover caused by transplanting.

The branches of banyan trees are very flexible, and the overgrown seedlings can be cultivated by properly increasing the seedling density, applying nitrogen fertilizer and pruning side branches in spring and summer. With several growing seedlings can be woven into a variety of flower baskets, in the weaving knot two branches close to the surface peeled and connected, but several plants grow into one, forming a thousand branches, branches into a trunk, can not distinguish which is the branch and which is the trunk of the strange landscape. With one or more seedlings bent into blessing words, auspicious words and fixed with iron wire, can be cultivated into a variety of "zigzag bonsai". The "ginseng banyan" bonsai can be cultivated by using the inflated radish-shaped roots of seedlings, supplemented by branch and leaf plastic surgery.

New technology for seedling breeding of banyan tree banyan tree is an evergreen plant of Moraceae, with elegant and huge crown and air root, tolerant to both yin and yang, moisture and drought, many varieties and easy shaping. It is an excellent tree species for soil and water conservation, urban greening and bonsai production. In this paper, several new techniques of banyan seedling breeding are briefly introduced as follows: first, banyan seed breeding technology using seeds to breed banyan seedlings is simple and easy, large seedling yield and strong seedling growth potential. In the late autumn from September to October every year, the blackened and ripe fruit from last year's banyan tree was collected, wrapped with double gauze and scrubbed in water repeatedly until the pulp was washed clean, leaving only the seeds, spread out and dried (not in the sun) and stored in a cloth bag or paper bag in a ventilated and dry place. The Beginning of Spring took out the seeds before and after January to February or May to June of the next year and sowed the fine seeds evenly on the irrigated sand bed after exposure for 2 days. the small arch shed was covered with plastic film, and the seedlings emerged in about half a month, and gradually released the wind to refine the seedlings. when the seedling length is more than 5 cm, it can be transplanted according to the seedling density, and when it reaches 30 cm, it can be transplanted and planted. Most areas of Yunnan should guard against spring snow and cold damage before the middle of March. In the low-heat valley, some banyan seeds will mature once in early April, which can be picked, scrubbed and dried, then exposed to the sun for 2 days and sowed in the sand bed with moisturizing and moderate shade. The banyan seed seedling is prone to quenching disease during seedling emergence, which can be controlled by carbendazim and Bordeaux solution. Vegetable garden soil for sand bed ∶ farm fertilizer ∶ compound fertilizer = 10000 ∶ 500 ∶ 20 mix well and water well, cover with plastic film for about 1 month and spread evenly on the seedbed, 20 cm thick, and then cover with a layer of 2-3 cm thick fine purple river sand. Cover with banyan seeds. The banyan tree sowed 3-5 seeds per grid into flue-cured tobacco floating seedling floating plate grid, carried out soilless cultivation, and left 1 seedling in each square after emergence, and the effect was also very good. Second, the technology of banyan seedling cutting propagation can shorten the breeding time of banyan seedlings and cultivate seedlings by pruning abandoned branches. The climate in Yunnan is dry and wet, so it is appropriate for banyan cuttage to raise seedlings 20 days before the Spring Festival in early January, and between Grain in Beard and Greater Heat in open field. When cutting, the 1-3-year-old 1-5 cm branches of young trees were selected, and the effect of one-year-old stumps germinated after re-pruning was better. The branches are cut into 20-100cm segments, the lower oblique shears, the upper flat shears, 90% of the branches and leaves are removed, the upper and de-branching shears are tightly sealed with plastic film, and the base is soaked in 510000 naphthalene acetic acid or 1/10000ABT1 rooting powder for 1 hour, then the cuttings are immediately inserted into the sand bed. The sand layer of the cutting sand bed is thicker than that of the seed breeding sand bed, which is generally 10 cm thick. The cuttings are generally inserted into the sand layer of 5 cm to 8 cm, so that the cuttings take root in the sand layer, and the roots can be inserted into the nutrient soil layer as soon as possible. After cutting, we should focus on moderate shading, temperature and humidity control before and after new bud germination and rooting. Third, the high branch pressing technology of banyan tree can quickly breed larger banyan seedlings. The annual rainy season is the prosperous period of banyan root system, and the high branch pressing of banyan tree is the easiest to take root before and after Dragon Boat Festival in June. Select the appropriate position of the outer branch of the young and middle-aged tree (generally 1cm in diameter), cut the branch circumference with a knife to cut the branch circumference 1cm 5cm 3cm, deep to the xylem, with thick and anti-aging plastic film or straw mat, filled with moist fine river sand or river sand mixed with sawdust, etc., and wrap it in the injured position with light fillers within the range of branch bearing, so that the root system of the strip can be developed. At the beginning of the next spring, the seedlings with high branches and strips can be obtained by sawing off the feet under the bandage, which can be transplanted directly. When transplanting, cut off 2 big 3 leaves, apply sufficient pond fertilizer, irrigate through water and cover with film planting. It is better to treat the roots with rooting powder when the roots are injured at the time of pressing and transplanting, and the high branch striping seedlings with few roots or temporary non-colonization can be pseudo-planted in the seedling bed for a period of time before transplanting. Banyan grafting technology banyan grafting has a wide range of applications in the rapid replacement of banyan varieties, the rapid production of banyan bonsai, and the rapid rejuvenation of aging trees. The grafting period of banyan tree is appropriate before and after the Spring Festival order is made in January or from the middle of June to the end of July (from Grain in Beard to Greater Heat). When grafting, the rootstock is truncated in the appropriate position, the lower branches and buds are removed but some old leaves should be retained, and then the sturdy and full one-year-old branches with leaves taken outside the young and middle-aged trees in the surrounding area are used as scions, and the branches that are about to sprout are selected for grafting in early spring. In the summer high temperature period, the top is tightly sealed with plastic film after removing the tender part of the tip, and then split grafting, skin grafting, ventral grafting and other methods are used after removing 2 and 3 leaves. After the grafting, the plastic film strip was wrapped tightly, and then an appropriate amount of cement mass was wrapped in the grafting site as a moisturizing material. finally, the scion and the grafting site were covered with a plastic bag, and the mouth of the plastic bag was bound and sealed by the tree trunk below the grafting position. After grafting, the sprouting of the rootstock should be removed in time, leaving only the old leaves. After the scion sprouting survived, the moisturizing plastic bag should be removed. After the grafting wound heals, remove the grafting site and wrap the plastic strip. The grafting of banyan tree is different from that of other deciduous tree species. Because the scion cannot be sealed with wax, it needs to be moisturized by plastic bag. Handbook of Flower planting

Flower planting manual

Key points of Flower planting in Spring

Flower planting Handbook (February)

The weather characteristics of February: this month is the last month of winter and the cold time of the year, second only to January. By the end of February, the weather began to warm and transition to spring, and a considerable number of flowers began to turn from winter dormancy to recovery. The flower events this month mainly include the following aspects: first, continue to do a good job in cold protection and heat preservation of potted flowers in protection facilities; second, do a good job in pruning and changing pots of some woody flowers after flowering; third, do a good job in the preliminary preparations for cutting, grafting and sowing seedlings of some flower species.

1. Sow seeds. The kinds of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse or greenhouse in February are: calendula, cyclamen, dwarf sunflower, asparagus, crabapple, red and blue flower, cornflower, chrysanthemum, wheat straw chrysanthemum, string red, marigold, peacock chrysanthemum, petunia, Ling Ling grass, Fu Lukao, Prunus chinensis, moth butterfly, goldfish grass, golden lotus, pansy and so on. The seeds that can be sown in the open field at the end of February are Magnolia, Michelia, heather, maple, begonia (Rosaceae) seeds that have been cracked by sand storage treatment, as well as camphor, Liriodendron chinense, privet, rich seeds, fire thorns, palms, Koeluan trees, disease-free seeds, seven-leaf trees, cloves, etc.; seeds such as Chimonanthus praecox, Chimonanthus chinensis, and wisteria should be soaked for 24 to 48 hours, wait for the seeds to absorb enough water before sowing. Late fragrant jade bulbs and red bulbs can also be planted in greenhouses or greenhouses in February.

two。 Cuttings. The woody ornamental plants that can be cut in the open field or covered with plastic film in February are: plum blossom (palace powder, green calyx and other varieties cut off annual branches after flowering), Phyllostachys pubescens, hibiscus (southern region), crape myrtle, Ruixiang (southern region), fragrant, pomegranate, golden bell, welcome spring, Jasminum, June snow, hibiscus, hypericum (plum), Spiraea, ten meritorious efforts, yellow poplar, oil hemp stalk and so on. The branches of lilac and Lingxiao hidden in sand can also be cut at this time. In the first ten days of February, we can continue to cut the branches such as sea immortal flower, Shu Shu, eight immortal flower, Tamarix, Fatong, grape, fig and so on for storage treatment for cutting at the end of March.

The ornamental plants that can be cut indoors in February are: Fusang, triangular flower, African violet (leaf cutting), bamboo crabapple, red-backed cinnamon, a string of red, geranium, jasmine, pearl orchid, bergamot, jade tree, jade leaf, stone lotus, epiphyllum, lotus flower, cold water flower, rooting on the ground, longevity flower, Rieger begonia, dragon spit bead, goose palm wood, Guangdong evergreen, Zhu Jiao and so on.

3. Grafting. One-year-old sturdy seedlings of Pinus elliottii were used as rootstocks indoors, and Japanese five-needle pine, brocade pine and white pine were grafted, and then covered with film to keep warm and moisturizing. One-year-old seedlings such as apricot and hairy peach were used as rootstock to cut and propagate red leaf plum, plum blossom, blue peach, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, purple leaf peach and so on. In the south of the Yangtze River, when the leaf buds on the branches of Chimonanthus przewalskii grow to the size of the wheat grain, the seedlings of Chimonanthus praecox with a diameter of about 0.8 to 1.2 cm are used as rootstock to propagate excellent varieties such as "Suxin", "Xinkou" and "Tiger's hoof". The survival rate is higher by using bagging inflatable and moisturizing measures. Taking the sturdy branches of rose "Elizabeth" as rootstock, cutting or splitting the scion of rose, and adopting the measures of first grafting and then cutting and then covering with plastic film to keep moisture and cold, the survival rate of grafting can be greatly improved.

4. Press the strip. The ornamental plant species that can be propagated by pressing in February are: plum blossom, wax plum, pedicel begonia, sweet-scented osmanthus, purple magnolia, gardenia, brocade flower, Luohan pine, cypress, snowball, Qionghua, spring, golden bell, hypericum, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, snow spray, red maple, Michelia mollissima and so on.

5. Ramet. The herbaceous flower species that can be propagated in February are Iris, Shegan, onion orchid, Ophiopogon, auspicious grass, evergreen, purse peony, hairpin, purple calyx, small Taran, pineapple, purple back evergreen, Jianlan, Chunlan, Cymbidium, kidney fern, hanging orchid, ground rooting, canna, bamboo taro, tortoise back bamboo, synthetic fruit taro, crane orchid, gentleman orchid, aloe and so on. The woody flower species that can be propagated in February are: Phyllostachys pubescens, hibiscus, Hypericum, Ten Gonglao, eight Immortals, Begonia, Jiexiang, Yingchun, Golden Bell, Canary, Snow spray, Safflower Spiraea, Jasmine, Pearl Orchid, Tiger thorn, Purple Magnolia, four Seasons Cinnamon, Phoenix tail Bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on.

1. Harvesting seeds. In February, seeds such as NanTianZhu, Holly, Fugui Seed and Winter Coral can be picked, and after treatment, they can be stored in sand for germination, and can be sown only after the seeds are cracked and white. Artificial pollination can be applied to Clivia plants blooming in greenhouse, in order to obtain Clivia seeds with better genetic quality.

In February, we should pay attention to check all kinds of flowers and trees seeds stored in sand to see if there is mildew. If there is mildew, it should be cleaned in time; If it is found that the seed is dry, it can be properly sprayed with water to maintain a certain humidity of sand and seeds; If it is found that the seed has a small amount of cracks and white, it should be sown in a short time. Once the radicle extends too long, it is easy to break the radicle and affect the emergence rate of seeds. Sand storage of large seeds can be on-demand, small seeds can be drilled or row sowing, after sowing pay attention to covering grass or plastic film moisture cold.

2. Transplanting and planting. In February, the soil in the south is not frozen and the temperature is high. The feasible grass and flower types for transplanting and planting are: Dianthus, Snapdragon, Althaea, Ilex argentea, Daisy, Calendula, etc.

In February, most deciduous shrubs and some evergreen trees can be planted. Among them, deciduous species such as hibiscus, pomegranate, bauhinia, begonia, ginkgo, sweet gum, maple, wisteria, crape myrtle, wintersweet, plum blossom (before sprouting), magnolia, sapindus, acacia, horse chestnut, red-leaf plum, cherry blossom, papaya, Chinese belltree, linden tree, mandarin tree, peach, Chinese tallow, spiraea, triloba, Deutzia, Sophora japonica, Chinese locust tree, plum, plum, hypericum (plum), weeping willow, golden willow, hibiscus hibiscus, coggygria, persimmon, apricot, etc.; Evergreen tree species such as Michelia, Cinnamomum camphor, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, French green, Run Nan, purple Nan, etc., can be delayed to the end of February to the beginning of March planting; osmanthus fragrans, privet, Shu cypress, dragon cypress, Platycladus orientalis, black pine, etc., planting, to give appropriate pruning.

1. Cold weather. The weather in February is still cold, potted ornamental plants after two months of indoor (shed) conservation, nutrient consumption in the body is large, the resistance of flowers and plants greatly reduced, should continue to be careful to do a good job of moisture and cold protection. Greenhouse or greenhouse heating facilities, to continue to give heating, and prevent harmful gases or smoke into the greenhouse or greenhouse; greenhouse top or around hanging grass curtain, can continue to hang grass curtain; encounter sudden cooling weather after snow, more can not be taken lightly.

The winter potted flowers placed in the protection facilities should continue to do a good job of ventilation, especially at the end of February, the ventilation time can be extended during the highest temperature period of the day. It is worth noting that indoor potted flowers bask in the sun, it is best to put them on the inside of the south window, do not open the window.

A small number of cold-resistant flowers planted in the family, such as Milan, Phalaenopsis, Peacock arrowroot, Synthecium, Iron Cross Begonia, Variegated Leaf Wood, Fandai Leaf, etc., can be covered with plastic bags at night in particularly cold weather, or placed in the bathroom, and heated by heating appliances such as "Yuba" to ensure that they can safely winter.

2. Watering. Due to the low temperature in February, most potted flowers can be safely overwintered in order to keep the pot soil moist, because the root growth stops at this time, the metabolism is at a low level, and the demand for water is less. Once there is ponding in the pot soil, it is easy to cause the plant to rot and die. For relatively dry indoor, often to plant foliar spray and spray, in order to increase the local environment of air humidity. If the indoor air is excessively dry, the light leaves will lack green and lose color, the flower buds will stop growing, and the heavy leaves will shrink and wrinkle, and the flower buds will shrink and fall off, such as camellia, tea plum, azalea, plum blossom, Dai Dai, kumquat, winter coral, etc., all of which may appear to drop the buds and fruit, or even die. In addition, it is also required that the water temperature of watering or spraying water is basically consistent with the indoor and shed air temperature and soil temperature.

[page] For those potted plants that will bloom around the Spring Festival, such as melon, primrose, longevity flower, camellia, tea plum, Belgian rhododendron, calendula, etc., fruit viewing plants such as firethorn, bamboo, Dai, fingered citron, lemon, rich seed, four seasons orange, winter coral, etc., not only should the pot soil be kept moist, but also the leaves, flower buds and fruits must be sprayed with water, so as to make their leaves green, flower buds expand rapidly and fruits colorful. Especially for peony, plum blossom, flowering crabapple, flowering crabapple, etc. placed in the greenhouse, it is also necessary to spray water on the branches once or twice a day to accelerate the expansion of the flower buds, so that they can spit fragrance and offer auspicious signs as scheduled. Cymbidium hybridum cultivated in greenhouse is bought back. Because the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse where it is originally located are quite different from those in the family, if the leaves are not sprayed frequently, the leaves will often shrink and wither. Potted plants and potted plants placed in air-conditioned rooms, especially Japanese five-needle pine potted plants, must ensure that their pot soil is moist, spray water on the plants 1 to 2 times a day, otherwise it is very likely to cause plant death.

Although most potted flowers do not need much water in February, inspection should be strengthened, especially for several consecutive days when the temperature rises continuously, and supplementary watering and spraying should be strengthened in time.

In February, the greening trees and flowering shrubs transplanted in autumn and winter should be watered in time, especially those evergreen trees and flowering shrubs. The leaves should be sprayed properly around noon in fine weather to prevent the leaves from shrinking and falling off, which will affect the recovery growth in spring.

3. Fertilization. In February, base fertilizer can be continuously applied to most of the green trees and flowering shrubs planted in the ground. The fertilizer types include cake fertilizer, manure, chicken manure and pigeon manure, pond mud, septic tank cleaning matter, etc., which can be excavated from the periphery of the plant root system and applied to the soil after covering, so as to meet the needs of plant growth and flowering in spring and summer.

In February, potted flowers placed in greenhouses (greenhouses) at 10℃ to 15℃, such as camellia, tea plum, melon, primrose, cyclamen, Belgian rhododendron, shrimp flower, golden bud flower, daphne flower, plum blossom, European narcissus, hyacinth, tulip, crab claw orchid, arrowflower, multicolored pineapple, tilapia, fruit vine, clivia, etc., can continue to be applied with low concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to facilitate the growth of plants and the flowering of pregnant buds. Most of the potted flowers and trees placed in the greenhouse, foliage plants, tree stumps bonsai, including small, miniature bonsai, etc., because they are still dormant, should stop fertilizing, otherwise it is easy to cause the rotten roots of the plants to die.

4. Trim. In February, the field planting or potted plum blossom, wax plum, golden bell, spring jasmine, etc. after flowering can be reduced in intensity. Only 2 to 3 buds are reserved at the base of the flowering branches, and the rest are all cut off, so as to promote the growth of new shoots in that year and the density of buds in the coming year. In addition, should also be excessive long branches, dead branches, random branches and so on together for pruning. Continue to prune the tree stump bonsai species dominated by pruning, such as elm, finch plum, fig tree, triangular maple, Fujian tea, oak tree, white ash, waxberry, elaeagnus, Chinese holly, June snow, juniper, juniper, etc.; for the pile heads that have not been replaced for 1 to 2 years, the pots can be replaced while pruning.

5. Change pots. At the end of February and the beginning of March, it is a favorable time for most potted ornamental plants to change pots. Usually, the best time to change pots is when the winter dormancy of plants is about to end, the roots resume growth, and the leaves and buds have not yet sprouted. The types of flowers that can be replaced at the end of February are: Hibiscus hibiscus, Pelargonium, Milan, Whiteflower, Jasmine, Pearl Orchid, Bicolor Jasmine, Red-backed Cinnamomum, Nephropteris, Turtle Bamboo, Rubber Tree, Malus campanulatus, Malus pubescens, Malus seasonalis, Malus coloreus, Spring Orchid, Cymbidium, Scirpus chinensis, Clivia, Twelve Volumes, Aloe Vera, Crab Orchid, Orchidiaceae, Sedum, Yushu, Yuye, Longevity Flower, Amaryllis, Stonophora glaucaria, Araucaria sinensis, Schefflera chinensis, Evergreen, Staggeria chinensis, Shrimp Flower, Golden Bud Flower, Coral Flower, Dragon Tuzhu, Camellia sinensis, Tea plum, stick stem begonia, eight fairy flowers, south Tianzhu, change leaf wood, fruit arrowroot, arrowroot, rich seed, firethorn, Dai Dai, kumquat, finger citron and so on.

6. Pest control. For powdery mildew appearing on potted melon leaves in greenhouse, gray mold appearing on primula leaves, etc., 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1500 times solution is sprayed at the initial stage of disease, once every 10 days, and continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times.

For gray mold on cyclamen leaves and corolla potted in greenhouse, 50% iprohydantoin (main component is iprodione) wettable powder can be sprayed with 1000 to 1500 times solution.

For Belgian rhododendrons potted in greenhouses, foliar fertilizer such as "multi-effect good" should be stopped, because the temperature is low, the humidity in the shed is large, the foliar fertilizer of the plant is difficult to be absorbed, and the reverse side is easy to breed mold on the foliage, and it will form ugly spots when it is serious.

For aphids, scale insects, ants and coal pollution disease appearing on potted flowers in warm rooms (such as Dai and kumquat), brush can be used when there are few insects, and 40% omethoate emulsifiable oil can be sprayed 2000 times. After aphids, scale insects and ants are killed, coal pollution will also be eliminated.

The insect bodies such as mealybug, white shield scale, oyster shield scale and black brown round shield scale appearing on potted flower plants in greenhouse can be brushed off with hard brush, or killed with cotton stick dipped in alcohol, sprayed with 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times, or buried in flower pots with 3% carbofuran and 20% Tiemike granules.

Continue to clean up the litter under the flowers and trees, and burn the insect branches and diseased leaves on the potted flowers and plants, which can obviously reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the coming year.

7. Compost fertilizer. Pour tea seed cake, rapeseed cake, bean cake, etc. into a pool or water tank, inject clean water, seal fermentation, so as to be diluted in the growing season and used for watering potted flowers. Or will cake fertilizer and so on heap retting fermentation, about 2 months later spread out drying, wait for full drying and then use plastic bag packaging, retting thoroughly dried cake fertilizer granular powder, spread in the flowerpot as topdressing, spring orchid, cymbidium, phalaenopsis, catalan and other potted flower species, more convenient than pouring liquid cake fertilizer, especially in the balcony to raise flowers, both convenient and sanitary, but also can reduce the occurrence of foliar diseases. In addition, it can also be used to prepare culture soil.

8. plowing frozen soil. In the first ten days of February, we can continue to plough the unfinished garden, after winter freezing, to spring after the warm air again to draw the ditch as a bed, for seedling or transplanting flowers and trees.

In February, the plant species that can be coiled and tied are Cuibai, Podocarpus, Sabina, Juniperus, Platycladus orientalis, True Sabina, Ginkgo biloba, June snow, Cypress, Pinus five-needle, Pinus huangshanensis, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Myrica rubra, Cytiscus chinensis, Prunus chinensis, Wax petal flower, Begonia acuminata, Lagerstroemia myrtle, Banyan tree, Ulmus chinensis, Acer tricornutum, etc.

Continue to re-tie and adjust the plants that have been shaped 1 to 2 years ago. If you find that the plants have concave binding constrictions, you should first remove the metal wires or non-metal wires and replace them with new binding materials for fixation.

For shallow pot stump bonsai, landscape bonsai, small miniature bonsai, attached stone bonsai, etc., continue to do a good job of heat preservation and cold protection, so that it is always in an environment not lower than 0℃, in case the plants are frozen to death or the artificially cemented rocks are frozen and disintegrated, causing undue losses.

Flower Growers Handbook (March)

(i) Types of flowers suitable for garden planting

1. Land-grown flower species

If your courtyard is open and sunny, or the distance from the front row of buildings is more than 30 meters, and the soil has been improved to a certain extent, you can plant some flower species that are more light-loving and have higher requirements for the growing environment. Ground-planted flowers and trees such as: Magnolia, Ginkgo biloba, Osmanthus fragrans, Magnolia, Michelia, Magnolia, papaya, Malus tigeriana, Malus hibiscus, Xifu Malus, Qionghua, Snowball, Persimmons, Hibiscus hibiscus, Mandarin, Plum Blossom, Rose, Fig, Camellia, Lagerstroemia, Peony, Pomegranates, Wisteria, Cherry Blossom, Grape, Peach, Tianzhu, Red Maple, Bauhinia, Hibiscus, Date Canali, etc. If your courtyard is relatively damp, you should choose some flowers and trees that adapt to the humid conditions, such as palm, heather, peach leaf coral, French holly, privet, broad-leaved mahonia, magnolia, camphor, dragon cypress, Elaeocarpus, Podocarpus, star anise, Shu cypress, cedar, wax plum, banana, bamboo and so on. No matter how the light in your courtyard, dry and wet, the following points should be paid attention to when selecting flowers and trees: First, the minimum temperature that flowers and trees can endure should not be lower than the local minimum temperature to avoid freezing injury; Second, adapt to the local soil and moisture conditions to avoid acclimatization; Third, there are fewer diseases and insect pests, longer flowering and fruiting period, fragrant smell, and auspicious flowers; Fourth, the number of flowers and trees should not be too many. There are 1 to 2 plants in small courtyards, and several plants in large courtyards; Fifth, the height of adult trees should not exceed the windows and balconies on the second floor, so as not to hinder the lighting of upstairs residents and affect neighbor relations; Sixth, avoid planting flowers and trees that can cause human allergies or toxic substances; Seventh, choose large-scale plants that grow slowly but have basically formed, so as to achieve greening and beautification effect as soon as possible, such as ginkgo, Japanese fir, osmanthus, plum blossom, podocarpus, etc. The height should not be less than 2 meters; Eight is to leave some free land for planting grass and flowers and placing potted ornamental plants.

There are many kinds of grass flowers and ground cover plants suitable for field cultivation. Sunny-like light has Dianthus, snapdragon, collard greens, pansy, a string of red, cockscomb, thousand sun red, BBK, marigold, hollyhock, balsam, lupine, daisy, Yu Mei, onion, dahlia and so on The shade-tolerant grass flowers and ground cover plants include: Ophiophora japonica, Ophiophora japonica, Auspicious grass, Hosta japonica, Purple calyx, Lycoris radiata, Evergreen, Evergreen purple-backed, One-leaf orchid, Iris, Acorus calamus, Saxifraga, etc.

2. Types of potted flowers

There are many kinds of potted flowers suitable for home courtyard. Under good conditions, some kinds of flowers with fine management requirements can be selected, such as plum blossom, Milan, camellia, poinsettia, wax plum, Belgian rhododendron, Araucaria, Brazil iron, fortune tree, king coconut, white peony, pearl orchid, jasmine, rich seed, pineapple, money tree (dragon and phoenix tree), gray plum (commonly known as African jasmine), cinnamon (commonly known as peace tree), calla lily, primrose, cymbidium, anthurium, Cymbidium, Phalaenopsis, Cyclamen, Oncidium, Vanda, Rieger Begonia, Bulbous Begonia, Stangia, Hibiscus, Clivia, Cymbidium, Reticulated Grass, Variegated Leaf Tree, Little Angel, Syncorum, Fingered citron, Dai, Lemon, Tulip, Hyacinth, Purse Flower, Fish Tail Sunflower, Sanwei Sunflower, Bottle Coconut, etc. In the courtyard with relatively poor conditions, some species with relatively extensive management requirements can be planted, such as southern Tianzhu, iron tree, palm bamboo, chrysanthemum, spring orchid, cymbidium, amaryllis, Yingchun, golden bell, broom, June snow, begonia tiepedalis, laurel, cacti, asparagus, rubber tree, epiphyllum, lotus flower, turtle, spring feather, gooseberry, cold water flower, red back laurel, leaf flower, thorn, camellia, tea plum, cuckoo, fig tree, etc.

(2) Propagation of garden flowers

1. Sowing. The garden flowers that can be sown in March are: Lagerstroemia, Bauhinia, Chimonanthus praecox, Spica praecox, Acer rubra, Liriodendron chinense. The seeds of the latter five kinds should be soaked in cold water for 24 to 36 hours before sowing, and then sown after they absorb water. After sand storage germination viable species of flowers and trees are: cycad, ginkgo, bamboo cypress, podocarpus, bulrush, magnolia, michelia, osmanthus, horse chestnut, southern bamboo, holly, pomegranate, Qionghua and so on. The herbaceous flowers that can be sown include: Impatiens, Marigold, Thousand Sunflowers, Zinnia, a string of red, cockscomb, multicolored pepper, winter coral, primrose, mallow, purple jasmine, St. regis, Clivia, asparagus, etc. Some species that are not cold-resistant should be sown in plastic sheds.

2. Cutting. In March, the feasible cutting propagation of flowers and trees species are: hibiscus, geranium, epiphyllum, arrow-shaped lotus, purslane tree, precious stone flower, stone lotus, hydrangea, southern bamboo, flowering crabapple, silver bud willow, hypericum, podocarpus, pomegranate, fig, star anise golden plate, gardenia, golden bell, winter jasmine, cypress, daphne, torch fruit, etc., cold flower cutting should be in the shed or indoor.

3. Grafting. In March, the feasible varieties of flowers and trees for grafting propagation include: 1 - 2 years old black pine seedlings as rootstocks, abdominal grafting propagation of five-needle pine, Osaka pine, Jinsong, etc.; 1 - 2 years old white Chujun, purple Chujun seedlings as rootstocks, cutting propagation of Michelia, Erqiao Chujun, etc.; 1-year old peach, apricot seedlings as rootstocks, cutting propagation plum blossom, longevity peach, peach, red leaf peach, etc.; When the leaf bud grows to the size of wheat grain, select the ear strip of excellent variety of Chimonanthus praecox, cut and give bagging to keep moisture, and the survival rate is higher; take Trigonium trigonum as rootstock, graft and propagate crab claw orchid and various cactus, which should be carried out in greenhouse. In addition, camellia, cherry blossoms, osmanthus flowers, red maple, etc., can also be grafted and propagated in March.

4. Pads. The flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering in March include camellia, tea plum, plum blossom, wax plum, red maple, podocarpus, cuibai, straight cypress, Michelia, begonia, snowball, gardenia, osmanthus flower, purple magnolia, etc.

5. ramet. In March, the flower species that can be divided and propagated are: orchid, lotus peony, one-leaf orchid, asparagus, iron tree, southern bamboo, mahonia, begonia, sansetail orchid, purple triangle leaf sorrel, canna, alpinia, dahlia, stregaria, etc.

(iii) Management of garden flowers

1. Management of Garden Flowers and Trees

1) Transplanting. March is the best time for transplanting and planting of ground-planted flowers and trees, among which plum blossom, magnolia, magnolia, mandarin tree, red maple, etc. should be transplanted as far as possible before the plant sprouts and leaves; Evergreen flowers and trees should be pruned when transplanting, so as to reduce transpiration and improve survival rate; Chimonanthus praecox, Lagerstroemia, Bauhinia, hibiscus, horse chestnut, peach, red-leaf plum, cherry, etc., even after sprouting, but also to make appropriate pruning. Whether evergreen trees or deciduous trees, transplanting should take a soil ball with feet, the diameter of the general soil ball should be greater than 6 times the diameter of the trunk.

(2) Fertilization. For the flowers and trees planted in the ground without buried fertilizer in winter, when they have not yet sprouted, they can excavate annular grooves around their roots, the depth of which is about 15 to 20 cm, and apply the cake fertilizer, manure and chicken droppings and pigeon droppings, etc., which can also be multi-element compound fertilizer, so as to lay a good material foundation for their growth throughout the year.

The plant species that can be modeled in June are mainly woody ornamental plants with strong adaptability and resistance to prickling, and they must be pots or ground-planted plants in early spring. They are: Luo Hansong, Yingchun, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Huashan pine, Cuibai, round cypress, wolfberry bone, holly, Chinese wolfberry, five-needle pine, weeping silk begonia, Xifu begonia, plum blossom, green peach, triangular maple, June snow pine, melon seed yellow poplar, hammer elm, Tamarix, water bayberry, real cypress, ginkgo, snow willow, firethorn and so on. June modeling must be careful, light and slow, must not be too hasty, too hard.

Solar terms in mid-June: Grain in Beard on June 5; the Summer Solstice on June 21.

Flower planting Handbook (July)

Weather characteristics in July: on July 7, the Meiyu weather ended in the Jianghuai region. Ambush on July 16 and ambush on August 15, most parts of the country entered the hottest period of the year. The monthly mean temperature in July is more than 24 ℃ in most parts of China and 28 ℃ in the south of Jianghuai. Only the average temperature in the north of Northeast China and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is below 20 ℃. The management of flower affairs in July mainly includes the following contents: first, flower reproduction. The grass flowers that can be sown in July are: melon and leaf chrysanthemum, spring of the four seasons, kale, bluebells and so on. When sowing, we should pay attention to moisturizing, shading and increasing ventilation and light transmission. In July, mature fruits such as plum, hairy peach, mountain peach and elm leaf plum can be picked, washed and sown, or the washed drupe can be stored in wet sand to the crack before sowing. Wintersweet seeds can be sowed as they are picked, and the seeds removed from the fruit sac can also be dried and stored for sowing in the following spring, which will not affect its germination rate. two。 The species of grass flowers suitable for cutting propagation in July are: Scutellaria barbata, begonia, colored leaf grass, cold water, red, marigold, peacock grass, thousand-day red, geranium, Dutch chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, umbrella grass, wall-climbing tiger, coral flower, pepper grass, unicorn leaf, fire charcoal mother, ground rooting, green pineapple and so on. The woody flower species suitable for cutting propagation in July are: red-backed cinnamon, southern bamboos, poinsettia, tiger prickly plum, hypericum, golden plum, sea immortal, eight immortal flowers, brocade, hemp leaf hydrangea, snow spray, Ruixiang, gardenia, fragrance, Tiannu, triangular plum, Milan, jasmine, pearl orchid, goose palm wood, ten great efforts, pomegranate, crape myrtle, hibiscus, fiery thorn, Zhu banana, mulberry, June snow, smile, coral tree, mulberry. Rubber tree, Qionghua, Tianmu Qionghua, yellow poplar, Yuanhua fruit, purple magnolia, sweet-scented osmanthus, rhododendron, camellia, tea plum, dragon claw willow, golden willow and so on. Guding flower can also be cut with scales. In addition, some flowers and trees can be propagated by water insertion in July. They are: gardenia, oleander, rose, jasmine, pearl orchid, fig, pomegranate, inverted golden bell, crape myrtle, hibiscus and so on. To propagate flowers and trees by water cutting, one is to have a foam plastic board with a thickness of 1cm to 2cm, which is used as a cutting fixing material after perforation; the other is to keep the water quality of the cutting water clean and put a few pieces of charcoal into it for anticorrosion. 3. Grafting can use annual mountain peach and hairy peach sowing seedlings as rootstocks, bud propagation of blue peach, Shouxing peach, red leaf peach, plum blossom, elm leaf plum, red leaf plum, beautiful plum, etc.; using the cutting seedlings of wild rose, pink rose and "ten sisters" as rootstocks, budding breeding varieties such as rose, cut rose and rose; using potted Magnolia and Magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, * breeding white orchids, Michelia, etc. The 2-year-old seedlings of Chimonanthus praecox in potted plants are used as rootstocks, and the fine varieties of Chimonanthus praecox are propagated. The seedlings of 2-year-old Chimonanthus praecox can also be used as rootstocks, and the method of bagging and moisturizing with twigs can be grafted at 3 cm to 4 cm above the ground, and the survival of rhododendron can be judged after 7 to 10 days. "Purple Butterfly" and "Jade Butterfly" in rhododendron are used as rootstocks to propagate Belgian rhododendron or rhododendron by split or abdominal grafting. The cherry blossoms of fine varieties were propagated by budding with cherry seedlings as rootstocks, and the seedlings of the same year's seeds of Bauhinia mandshurica, Hubei Begonia or Tripterygium and Begonia as rootstocks were grafted with T-shaped buds to breed excellent varieties of Begonia. Acer maple seedlings were used as rootstocks to propagate red maple, feather maple and other seedlings by bag grafting. 4. The types of flowers and trees that can be reproduced by striping in July are: Milan (high pressure), wax plum, honeysuckle, eight immortals, Lingxiao, Qionghua, oleander, brocade, broom, sweet-scented osmanthus, gardenia, purple magnolia, jasmine, pearl orchid, Fujimoto rose, spring welcome and so on. 5. The ornamental plant species of feasible ramet in July are: Hosta, purple calyx, calamus, umbrella grass, one-leaf orchid, purple back evergreen, pineapple, twelve volumes, hanging orchid, Ophiopogon, auspicious grass, onion orchid, kidney fern, iris, hanging bamboo plum and so on. Second, harvest seeds and transplant 1. The grass flower seeds that can be harvested in July are hollyhock, sunflower, morning glory, summer grass, petunia, fluke, Digitalis, snake chrysanthemum, sweet pea, daisy, swallows, pansy, pine chrysanthemum and so on. The seeds of flowers and trees that can be harvested in July are: wax plum, plum, hairy peach, mountain peach, elm leaf plum and so on. two。 Transplanting and potting in July is the main time period for Chen to put grass flowers on the pot during the National Day. At this time, the grass flowers transplanted on the pot can be sowing seedlings or cutting seedlings. After three months of careful maintenance, they bloom just during the National Day period for festive decoration. They are mainly: a string of red, early chrysanthemum, thousand-day red, Xiaoli, Guinean impatiens, Longkou flower, marigold, peacock grass, ground skin, chrysanthemum, sulfur chrysanthemum, cockscomb and so on. Tree transplanting is generally not carried out in July, but in some special cases, it is also feasible to transplant some flowering shrubs with soil balls, such as ten meritorious works, hypericum, golden leaf privet, red leaf Berberis, peach leaf coral, dragon cypress ball and so on. However, it is necessary to prune pertinently, set up a shed for shade in time, and increase the number of water spraying, and then transfer to normal management after its basic survival. We must not be careless. Third, flower management 1. The flower species that enter the semi-dormant state when watering at high temperature, such as safflower sorrel, geranium, inverted golden bell, gentleman orchid, calla lily, begonia, sedum, longevity flower, cactus, crystal cactus, big flower rhino, emerald bead, big string moon, Daphne, crab claw orchid, purslane, aloe and so on, their growth activities basically stop and their metabolic level is very low, so watering should be reduced to keep the basin soil moist. And pay attention to shading and ventilation to create a relatively cool environment. If too much watering, it is easy to lead to rotten roots, but also seriously affect the recovery of its growth after autumn. The species of flowers that entered deep sleep at high temperature, such as cyclamen, Lycoris, buttercup, purse peony and so on, showed that the aboveground stems and leaves withered, the underground nutrient fibrous roots withered, and spent the summer dormant in the soil with underground stems or tubers. For deep dormant flowers, stop watering, move to a cool place, and keep the pot soil not too dry. For exuberant flower species, especially foliage plants, such as cycad, Magnolia, tortoise back bamboo, rubber tree, Magnolia, jasmine, Milan, pearl orchid, southern sequoia, bamboo taro, taro, red (green) gemstone, hulk, green emperor, green queen, pink leaf, Brazilian iron, rich tree, camellia, tea plum, peach leaf coral, torch fruit, daidai, lemon, Luohan pine, pomegranate, bauhinia, wisteria, rose, etc. It is not only necessary to increase the amount of water and times of watering, but also to give foliar spraying water and the combination of spraying and pouring properly. Especially when it comes to continuous cloudy days, due to the high temperature and dry air, it is also necessary to give watering and spraying, and must not be negligent. Once it is found that the basin soil is too dry and the leaves wilt, water should be sprayed on the leaves first, and then the roots should be watered after the leaves are erect again. Do not water the roots violently, otherwise it is very easy to cause the woody flowers to "fall green leaves", or lead to the rot of the vegetative fibrous roots of the plants, or even cause the death of the plants. For potted plum piles, as the flower bud differentiation period is from July to August, appropriate "buckle water" should be given to promote the normal differentiation of flower buds. The method is to keep the leaves of pot plants curled inward slightly in order to control vegetative growth; if the vegetative growth of branches can not be controlled, only one leaf at the base can be cut off when 2 or 3 leaves are pulled out from the second shoot, and flower buds can still be differentiated in the axils of this leaf. In July, watering potted flowers should avoid a few hours before and after noon, and it is appropriate to water before 10:00 and after 4 p.m., so as not to affect the growth of potted ornamental plants. If you encounter continuous rain this month, you should check the flowerpot in time after the rain, pour it when you find stagnant water in the flowerpot, and loosen the soil once after the pot soil dries up, so as not to cause rotting roots of potted plants. two。 There are four types of ornamental plants that should be strengthened in July. First, the flowering period is particularly long, from spring and summer to autumn, such as Magnolia, rose, Milan, jasmine, etc.; second, the species of autumn flowers, such as chrysanthemum, sweet-scented osmanthus, hibiscus, etc.; third, the species of viewing flowers and fruits in winter, such as hawkdai, bamboo, wax plum, rhododendron, etc.; fourth, foliage plants, such as brown bamboo, tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, rubber tree, and so on. For the first three types of fertilization, in addition to the necessary nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to meet the overall needs of plants for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and to provide adequate nutritional guarantee for their budding, flowering and fruit hanging; for foliage plants, it should be based on thin cake fertilizer or urea. In the method of fertilization, it is better to apply thin liquid fertilizer. The grass flowers that should be fertilized in July are: a bunch of red (white, purple, pink), cockscomb, chrysanthemum, hundred-day red, thousand-day red, chrysanthemum, black chrysanthemum, petunia, golden bracts, shrimp flowers, Jianlan, marigold, purple jasmine, longkou flower and so on. Woody flowers are: crape myrtle, pomegranate, poinsettia, Michelia, sweet-scented osmanthus, camellia, tea plum, Fusang, jasmine, Prynne, Milan, evening incense, rose, begonia, mandarin duck jasmine, triangular plum, rhododendron, pearl orchid, wax plum, hibiscus, hibiscus, hibiscus and so on. There are many kinds of foliage plants, such as pineapple, Brazilian iron, brown bamboo, southern fir, synthetic taro, bamboo taro, hulk, ruby, cycad, rubber tree, tortoise back bamboo, Zhu banana and so on. In July, fertilization must be stopped for dormant or semi-dormant ornamental plants, especially for those succulent ornamental plants, such as sedum, fairy pen, pine chrysanthemum, leopard skin flowers, etc., to prevent plant decay. 3. The ornamental plants that can be pruned and picked in summer must be species with exuberant growth, strong germination and resistance to pruning. Heart-picking refers to the direct removal of tender tip buds with fingers. The main bonsai plants suitable for heart-picking are: hammer elm, sparrow plum, Chinan, silk cotton wood, melon seed yellow poplar, wax plum, firethorn, Luohan pine, Tamarix, Elaeagnus angustifolia, banyan tree, white wax, maple, crape myrtle, June snow, Jiuli incense and so on. Pruning refers to the use of scissors to trim off part of the new shoot to promote the germination of the lower lateral buds to form a beautiful crown or tree shape. Most of the species of bonsai plants suitable for pruning are woody ornamental plants that are not easy to pick with their fingers, such as juniper, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris, cedar, oak, cat thorn, cypress and so on. For those potted flower species that bloom continuously for a long time, such as Milan, rose, jasmine, pearl orchid, etc., the stump should be picked in time, and the branches that have flowered should be shrunk in time, which can promote the germination and re-flowering of the lower lateral buds, while for rhododendron, camellia, tea plum, begonia, wax plum, plum, etc., the overlong branches of the crown should also be shrunk in order to form a better crown shape. 4. Shading July is the month with the strongest sunshine and the highest temperature of the year, so special attention should be paid to shading management for potted ornamental plants. For those ornamental plants that like shade or semi-shade, they must be placed under the shade to avoid damage to plants caused by the scorching sun. Such as ferns, hairpins, purple calyx, tortoise back bamboo, camellia, tea plum, rhododendron, pearl orchid, crane orchid, orchid, palm bamboo, rubber tree, red (green) gem, spring feather, pink leaf, green apple, pepper grass, orchid, hanging bamboo plum, Brazilian iron, unicorn leaf, pineapple, bamboo taro, auspicious grass and so on. For the species that like the light, you can give enough light, such as pomegranate, wisteria, crape myrtle, pyracantha, jasmine, June snow, cycad, round cypress, Platycladus orientalis, peach blossom, plum blossom, wax plum, hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular maple, black pine, bayberry, oak, golden pine, blue orchid, Milan, rose and so on. On the other hand, it is necessary to give proper shade to Luo Han pine, bamboo and cypress, Michelia mollissima, tiger thorn, cloud bamboo, Guanyin bamboo, five-needle pine and so on. For small, miniature and shallow bonsai, because the temperature is too high this month and the air is relatively dry, in addition to giving necessary shade, flowerpots must also be buried in wet sand, which can reduce evaporation on the surface of potted soil and help to protect the nutrient fibrous roots of plants. 5. If the flowers in the air-conditioned room are air-conditioned, you should choose flowers with a higher degree of leatherization, or the leaves are covered with a thicker stratum corneum, slightly resistant to dry environment, and more resistant, such as rubber tree, star anise plate, Ten Gong Lao, cycad, southern fir, golden sunflower, sunflower, palm bamboo, Canadian jujube, pineapple, spring feather, tortoise back bamboo, goose palm wood, one-leaf orchid, peach leaf coral and so on. It is not suitable to choose kidney fern, colored leaf grass, hulk, taro and so on. In addition, in the management, attention should be paid to the combination of watering and spraying, and away from the air outlet of the air conditioner, so as to prevent the wind from directly attacking the plant, resulting in the withered tip and scorched edge of the leaves. 6. Disease and pest control ⑴ orchid new buds in July, the leaf tip is easy to be infected with anthracnose, gradually spread to the whole plant, serious will lead to plant withering and death. The disease may occur all the year round, poor ventilation, high temperature and humidity, continuous rain, more conducive to the reproduction and spread of bacteria. Ventilation should be strengthened and 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times or germicidal Dan 500 times should be sprayed during the onset period for prevention and treatment. ⑵ when plum blossom, peach blossom, begonia, red leaf plum, cherry blossom, elm leaf plum and other stumps or trunk, there is a reddish-brown sawdust feces accumulation, mostly caused by longicorn beetle larvae, which can be controlled by artificial killing, injecting inhalant pesticides, plugging poison labels, burying carbofuran and other methods, which can effectively kill the larvae in the trunk. Pay attention to the injection of pesticides, do not use dimethoate, omethoate and so on, in order to prevent drug damage. In July, ⑶ should timely control the wild borer of Euonymus tomentosa, Populus tomentosa, Populus tomentosa and Populus tomentosa. When the insect occurs seriously, it can gnaw off all the leaves. Once found, pesticides such as trichlorfon, dimethoate or permethrin can be sprayed in time. If a certain pesticide has been used for a long time, it has produced resistance and can be changed to a new type of pesticide. In July, some areas of ⑷ will continue to see the leaves of citrus butterfly larvae harming new shoots, such as daidai, kumquat, golden bean, bergamot, lemon, fragrant circle, rue and so on. ⑸ harms ash insects of Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, water wax and ash trees. The emergence period is from late July to late August. It is necessary to choose the right time to spray pesticides such as quick culling to prevent the disease from happening again in the coming year. ⑹ Japanese tortoise wax scale is the main pest that harms Populus tomentosa, Fawu, Haitong, Camellia, red leaf plum, cedar and so on. When it is serious, it is often covered with branches and leaves. The nymph hatching period is in the first ten days of July, which can be controlled by spraying dimethoate and quick killing pesticides in time. Fourth, bonsai modeling in July, due to high temperature, low air humidity, and plants are in a period of vigorous growth, it is not easy to recover from infection after branch injury, so most tree stumps are no longer suitable for flat binding. Still can carry on the modelling is some adaptable, tolerant plant species, and the request is the spring pot refines the seedling or the plant planted on the ground. They are: Yingchun, Ginkgo biloba, Luo Hansong, Luo Hanbai, Cuibai, June snow, black pine, melon seed yellow poplar, bayberry and so on. In July, the modeling of the plant should be careful, light and slow, slowly, not eagerly, too hard, otherwise it is easy to cause the branch and stem of the plant to break, endangering its survival. Solar terms in mid-July: Lesser Heat on July 7; Greater Heat on July 23.

Flower planting manual autumn

Flower planting Handbook (August)

Flowers suitable for courtyard display in August, with high temperature, strong light and low humidity, is the period of high temperature and dry heat in a year, second only to July. The monthly average temperature in most parts of the country is between 24 ℃ and 28 ℃. The potted ornamental plants which are suitable for display in the courtyard are some species that like light or bear high temperature. The main woody flowers are: southern fir, black pine, golden pine, five-needle pine, gold pine, Japanese golden pine, white bark pine, Japanese fir, Huashan pine, Luohan pine, round cypress, cycad, Canadian jujube, Chinese ash ash wood, orchid cinnamon, Milan, pomegranate, rubber tree, leaf banyan, Fusang mulberry, five-colored plum, ivory red (paulownia), Dutch iron, deciduous wood, Brazilian wood, palm bamboo, wealth tree, big leaf umbrella, Burma gardenia, four seasons cinnamon, Oleander, Washington Palm, Palm, Wine bottle Coconut, Broad Leaf Top Ten efforts, Octagonal Gold Plate, Golden Peach Leaf Coral, Ginkgo, crape myrtle, Jasmine, Fujian Tea, Banyan Tree, Rose and so on. Herbaceous flowers include impatiens, canna, alpinia officinalis, red flowers, dahlias, emerald chrysanthemums, bamboo begonia, longevity, marigold, peacock chrysanthemum, fluke, multicolor pepper, rhombus, cockscomb, calendula, Lycoris, Catharanthus roseus, thousand-day red, sulfur chrysanthemum, purple jasmine, hundred-day red and so on. In addition, there are one-leaf orchid, Guangdong evergreen, spring feather, tortoise back bamboo, green apple, silver queen bright silk grass and so on. Propagation of flowers in the courtyard 1. Sow. In August, the woody flowers that can be sown are: peony, elm leaf plum, safflower oil camellia, summer wax plum, American summer wax plum, Luohan pine, etc., which can be sowed as soon as they are picked, or the seeds can be stored in wet sand until the crack is white, and then sow in the field. Canadelia jujube, it is feasible to store sand to accelerate budding and sow it in bag. After ripening and cracking, the pomegranate was harvested, scrubbed off the fleshy layer outside the seed, and stored in sand until it germinated before sowing. Feasible sowing grass flowers are: Xiacao, fan orchid, petunia, goldfish grass, echinacea, sorrel, thousand-leaf clover, dry golden lotus, pyrethrum and so on. The greenhouse flowers that can be sown are: Baobao flower, cyclamen, melon leaf chrysanthemum, four seasons begonia, four seasons report spring, colorful leaf grass, calendula and so on. 2. Cutting. By using the mixture of alkaline rice bran ash and wet fine sand in the proportion of 2 ∶ 1, the following species of flowers and trees can be propagated: Hippophae rhamnoides, ten kinds of meritorious fruits, wintersweet, Michelia, leaf flower, paulownia, Milan, Artemisia angustifolia, Qionghua, snowball, Fusang, jasmine, jasmine, rubber tree, Galea, Luohansong, goose palm firewood, Zhu banana, eight immortal flowers, purple magnolia and so on. Yellow soil, sandy soil and other substrates can be cut into yellow poplar, pomegranate, hibiscus, French holly, Phnom Penh privet, red leaf Berberis, bamboo, fig, oleander, crape myrtle, June snow, Spiraea, snow spray, gardenia and so on. In addition, a bunch of red, thousand-day red, marigold, sulfur chrysanthemum and other grass flowers, can also be cut this month. 3. Grafting. In August, the following flowers and trees can be grafted: in the north, tassel is used as rootstock, * sweet-scented osmanthus is grafted; Magnolia magnolia and Magnolia magnolia are used as rootstocks to propagate two Arbor Magnolia; potted Magnolia magnolia as rootstock; current-year seedlings of hairy peach are used as rootstocks to graft plum blossom, green peach, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, purple leaf peach, double plum, elm leaf plum, etc.; cherry seedlings are used as rootstocks to graft Japanese cherry blossoms Wild rose, pink rose and other rootstocks were used as rootstocks to sprout excellent varieties of rose; seedlings of bauhinia, Huahong and Hubei begonia were used as rootstocks to graft Begonia and Tripterygium; green maple was used as rootstock to graft red maple and feather maple; single-stem rubber tree was used as rootstock to graft leaves and banyan; single-petal camellia was used as rootstock to graft camellia; Chimonanthus was used as rootstock to graft fine varieties of Chimonanthus mume. In addition, wisteria can be propagated by split grafting. 4. Crimping. In August, the ornamental plants that can be used for strip propagation are: honeysuckle, Lingxiao, woody incense, Fujimoto rose, brocade flower, eight immortal flowers, Qionghua, snowball, oleander, gardenia, broom, spring, Admiralty, stick stem begonia, weeping begonia, west begonia, sweet-scented osmanthus, purple magnolia, jasmine, jasmine, Magnolia, Fusang, Luohan pine, coral tree, rubber tree (high pressure), Milan (high pressure), red maple (high pressure) and so on. 5. Ramet. In August, the ornamental plants that can be divided and propagated are: auspicious grass, hairpin, purple calyx, cherry, multi-headed green emperors, pineapple, magnolia, one-leaf orchid, umbrella grass, water mass flower, red (green) gemstone, Iris, Shegan, purple triangular leaf sorrel, Guangdong evergreen, Dutch chrysanthemum, calamus, kidney fern, silver silk grass, bamboo taro, synthetic taro, twelve rolls and so on. In addition, Lycoris radiata, calla lilies and freesia can also be planted this month. Management of flowers planted in the courtyard 1. Transplanting. For some flowering shrubs with large soil balls and intensity pruning in August, the management of shading, watering and spraying should be strengthened after transplanting, and a higher survival rate can be obtained. Such as Golden Leaf Privet, Red Leaf Berberis, Platycladus orientalis in Phnom Penh, Golden Heart (side), Yellow Poplar, Hypericum, Ten Gongfu, Illicium platinum, Rose, Rhododendron, Gardenia jasminoides, Luo Han Song, smile, Dragon Cypress Ball, Shu juniper Ball, Yellow Poplar Ball, Pomegranate, hibiscus, Peach Leaf Coral, French Holly and so on. In the courtyard, you can also transplant fixed grass flowers, such as a string of red, thousand-day red, marigold, cockscomb, peacock grass, longkou flower, etc., which are expected to bloom in September and October. 2. Trim. In August, the hedges in the courtyard, such as boxwood, lobular privet, privet, golden leaf privet, French holly, spinulosa heather, etc., should continue to be pruned. Balls planted on the ground, such as heather, dragon cypress, Shu juniper, bayberry, pyracantha, Haitong, wolfbone, holly, etc., must also be pruned. For flowers and trees that bloom continuously for a long time, such as rose, pomegranate, hibiscus, crape myrtle, Fusang, triangular plum, five-color plum, etc., the residual flowers should be picked in time, and the branches and tips should be appropriately shrunk. Grass flowers planted on the ground, such as a string of red, thousand-day red, early chrysanthemum, peacock chrysanthemum, marigold, etc., should be topped and picked from the heart. 3. Watering. In August, watering and spraying management should be strengthened for flowers and shrubs transplanted in spring and grass flowers planted in spring. Plants with grass ropes tied to the tree trunk should be sprayed wet to ensure that the plants do not wilt new shoots and tender leaves, and should be sprayed and watered carefully to ensure that the roots do not accumulate water. 4. Fertilizing. Safflower planted on the ground in August? Wood, Phnom Penh (heart) boxwood, red leaf Berberis, golden leaf privet, purple leaf dwarf cherry, variable leaf wood, red mulberry, sprinkled golden peach leaf coral, flower leaf colorful alpinia officinalis, etc., in order to keep its leaf color bright for a long time, quick-acting fertilizer with a balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied. For species that continue to bloom, such as rose, cinnamon, cinnamon, pomegranate, hibiscus, crape myrtle, leaf flowers, dahlias, and five-colored plums, as well as those that will bloom, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, chrysanthemum, hibiscus, autumn peony, etc., we should promptly apply an appropriate amount of available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. For camellia, tea plum, plum blossom and wax plum which are in flower bud differentiation, a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed by foliar topdressing. 5. Prevention and control of diseases and pests. In August, scale insects on cedar, privet, Haitong, sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle, heather, camellia and other plants should be promptly sprayed with 1500-fold solution to control. For chrysanthemum tigers and aphids planted on the ground, 1000 times of trichlorfon crystal can be sprayed to kill them. The larvae such as rose leaf wasp and Spodoptera litura that ate rose leaves were promptly sprayed with 1000 times of fenvalerate to control. 6. Seed collection. In August, the woody flower species that can collect seeds are: peony, elm leaf plum, safflower oil tea, Luohansong, summer wax plum and so on. The grass flowers that can collect seeds are: peony, sunflower, purple jasmine, Fulukao, Lingcao, alpine snow and so on. Management of potted flowers in courtyard 1. Watering. In August, it should be watered between 9 and 10:00 in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon to keep the water temperature basically consistent with the soil temperature and air temperature. For those ornamental plant species that like acidity, 0.1% ferrous sulfate can be added to the irrigation water. It is worth noting that for ornamental plants with dense hairs on their leaves, such as Baobao, Tripterygium, Tripterygium, Begonia, etc., the leaves are not easy to evaporate after droplets, which can easily lead to leaf rot, and only a small amount of spray is feasible; the flower buds of Fulang flower (African chrysanthemum) and the leaf center of Magnolia can not be drenched with water, and the flow of dirty water into the leaves will cause heart damage. Pineapples must be watered less, sprayed more, and injected water into the leaf tube in order to meet their needs. When watering and spraying potted plants this month, you must pay attention to loosening the soil, but every 10 days, otherwise it will lead to pot soil hardening due to repeated watering. For dormant and semi-dormant flower species, watering and spraying should be controlled to keep the basin soil slightly moist, and a relatively cool environment can be created by spraying water around the flowerpot. 2. Fertilizing. In August, foliage plants Such as tortoise back bamboo, one-leaf orchid, rubber tree, spring feather, brown bamboo, red (green) gemstone, southern sequoia, golden wasabi, beautiful needle sunflower, sunflower, fishtail sunflower, sunflower, green apple, Brazilian wood, Dutch iron, fortune tree, kidney fern, dew tree, ash wood (African jasmine), orchid cinnamon (peace wood), gold coin tree (dragon and Phoenix wood), taro, green emperor, green queen, poinsettia, pink leaf, goose palm wood, peach leaf coral, green queen Pocket coconut, leafy wood, star anise gold plate, etc. Can be applied with low concentration of liquid fertilizer, such as urea, flower special fertilizer or cake fertilizer. For species with long flowering period, such as rose, magnolia, jasmine, pearl orchid, crape myrtle, pomegranate, Milan, four seasons cinnamon, cinnamon, triangular plum, five-colored plum, etc., as well as daidai, bergamot, kumquat, lemon, rich seeds, firethorn, golden marbles, pomegranate, pumpkin, papaya, etc., in addition to ensuring nitrogen supply, we should also apply appropriate amount of available phosphate and potassium fertilizer, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on. For potted grass flowers blooming in autumn, such as red, thousand-day red, dry chrysanthemum, marigold, peacock grass, longkou flower, chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, pocket sunflower, etc., thin liquid fertilizer can be applied every semimonthly to ensure the reproduction of leaves and flowers after autumn. For the species of flowers and trees in flower bud differentiation, such as camellia, tea plum, plum blossom, sweet-scented osmanthus, rhododendron and so on, low concentration of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to the leaves. When applying organic fertilizer to ornamental plants, do not drop the fertilizer on the leaves, so as not to cause the leaves to rot. For the sake of safety, spray water on the leaf surface in time after fertilization to rinse away the fertilizer droplets that may adhere to the leaves. For ornamental plant species in dormant or semi-dormant state, such as orchid, crabapple, calla lily, cyclamen, Daphne, aloe, longevity flower, purslane, crab claw orchid, sedum, purple triangle leaf sorrel, cactus, cactus, etc., it is necessary to stop all forms of topdressing, otherwise it is easy to lead to rotten roots or death. 3. Shade. In August, the heat is still strong, so it is still very important to manage the shade of potted flowers in the courtyard. For those cool ornamental plant species Such as tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, cherry angel, rubber tree, hulk, hulk, taro, taro, red (green) gemstone, brown bamboo, green apple, green emperor, green queen, bluegrass, pink daiye, pepper grass, pineapple, water mass flower, mirror grass, fern, Buddha belly bamboo, Phoenix tail bamboo, hanging orchid, auspicious grass, pocket coconut, netted grass, purple velvet, blood leaf orchid, silver silk grass, black leaf Guanyin lotus, crystal candle, anthurium, anthurium Begonia, rich bamboo, one-leaf orchid, asparagus, purple calyx, etc. Can continue to give shade, pull up the shade net at 9: 00 in the morning, and then withdraw after 4: 00 in the afternoon. If the number of potted flowers is small, they can also be moved indoors for 6 to 7 hours before and after noon. If there are conditions, you can also move it to the shade of big trees and wait until the middle of September to move out from the shade of trees. 4. Trim. In August, those stump bonsai that are vigorous, pruning-resistant and easy to germinate continue to be heart-picked or trimmed, such as hammer elm, Finch plum, Fujian tea, banyan tree, white wax, bayberry, melon seed and yellow poplar. Cut the rose, pomegranate, Milan and so on after each flower. For potted chrysanthemums, it is necessary to do a good job of sprouting and bud removal? BR > 5. Control diseases and insect pests. In August, scale insects, citrus butterflies, rose leaf wasps, peach red-necked longicorn beetles and other pests should be controlled. Pay attention to the prevention of orchid leaf diseases, including anthracnose, Botrytis cinerea, leaf blight and so on. Pay attention to the control of chrysanthemum aphids, leaf moths, borer and so on. Potted plants suitable for balcony display in August, the balcony is still hot and dry, and only some potted ornamental plants with strong resistance or long-term shelving on the balcony can adapt. Such as black pine, brocade pine, five-needle pine, hammer elm, Finch plum, water bayberry, wolfberry, holly, wax plum, fruit pomegranate, pomegranate, melon seed yellow poplar, Platycladus orientalis pile, round cypress, ground cypress, oak, white wax, Fujian tea, rose, leaf flower, tequila, five-colored plum, ginkgo, jasmine, Milan, triangular maple, Luohan pine and so on. In August, some of the flowers and trees on the balcony can be transferred to air-conditioned rooms. Such as Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Cartland, Orchid, Orchid, Oncidium, South American iron tree, black leaf Guanyin lotus, crystal candle, red palm, hulk, red (green) gemstone, taro, sunflower, king coconut, cherry, tortoise back bamboo, orchid, green apple, palm bamboo, rich tree, gentleman orchid, inverted golden bell, reticulate grass, golden bract, Brazilian wood, star anise plate and so on. The propagation of flowers on the balcony in August, large diameter flowerpots can be used on the balcony, covered with plastic film, moisturizing and cutting some ornamental plants, and the cutting substrate can be mixed with rice bran ash and fine sand in the ratio of 2 ∶ 1, or vermiculite can be used alone. The ornamental plants that can be cut are: goose palm wood, golden peach leaf coral, bamboo begonia, gardenia, golden bracts, coral flowers, cinnamon, pearl orchid, plantain, jasmine, Guangdong evergreen, silver silk grass, camellia, camellia, Camellia, Michelia, etc., which should be moved indoors 5 to 6 hours before and after noon. Some ornamental plants can also be inserted indoors, but the water must be changed frequently, such as rose, gardenia, jasmine, pearl orchid, goose palm wood, peach leaf coral, figs, plantains, Burmese gardenia, geraniums, Guangdong evergreen, hanging golden bell and so on. Balcony flower management 1. Watering. The watering and spraying of potted flowers on the balcony in August should be careful. First, the difference between water temperature and soil temperature and air temperature is too big; second, we should pay attention to the time of watering and spraying, which can be carried out before 10:00 or after 4 p.m.; third, while watering, loosening the soil for potted plants should not be ignored. fourth, it is best to put a small amount of ferrous sulfate in irrigation water to meet the needs of most ornamental plants in acidic soil environment. If the balcony is more spacious, you can use bricks to build a simple sand pool with 10 cm thick wet sand, and then put some more humid potted flowers on the wet sand, such as: tortoise back bamboo, one-leaf orchid, cherry, camellia, tea plum, taro, spring orchid, Jianlan, pineapple, red (green) gemstone, magnolia, etc., usually spray water instead of watering, it is very beneficial to its safety over the summer. For Cymbidium, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Cartland, inverted Golden Bell, Dendrobium, Crystal Candle, Black Leaf Guanyinlian and so on, they can be moved to an air-conditioned room and watered instead of watered to ensure that they can spend the summer normally. For flowers that are more heat-resistant on the balcony, such as rose, Milan, jasmine, pomegranate, triangular plum, hammer elm, Finch plum, melon seed yellow poplar, triangular maple, black pine, Jinsong, wisteria, Fujian tea, bayberry, tequila, cycad, etc., can be watered once or twice a day and sprayed once or twice a day. 2. Fertilizing. In August, fertilizer should be stopped for potted plants on the balcony that are dormant and semi-dormant. For exuberant foliage plants, 0.3% urea can be sprayed or poured, or multi-component compound fertilizer particles can be applied on the basin. Flowers and trees that mainly watch flowers and fruits, such as Magnolia, Milan, pomegranate, crape myrtle, jasmine, daidai, firethorn, bergamot, kumquat, etc., should continue to apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. For hammer elm, sparrow plum, wolfberry bone, holly, Luo Hansong, Fujian tea, triangle maple, bayberry, melon seed, etc., after each pruning, you can apply a thin fertilizer. 3. Shade. In August, potted plants shelved on the balcony to receive full light, especially shallow pot piles, such as five-needle pine, Luohan pine, cypress, Fujian tea, plum blossom, triangular maple, etc., can be covered with soft grass, moss or wet cloth on the potted surface, which can not only keep moisture and cool down, but also protect the nutrient fibrous roots distributed in the topsoil from harm. If the balcony is more spacious, sunshade nets can be used to block the light. If there are not many potted flowers and trees on the balcony and are relatively precious, it is best to move them indoors for 5 to 6 hours before and after noon. 4. Trim. In August, most of the stump bonsai shelved on the balcony, such as hammer elm, Finch, June snow, white wax, oak, small bayberry, triangular maple, banyan, Fujian tea, Platycladus orientalis, lobular privet, melon seed yellow poplar, firethorn and so on, still need to be picked or trimmed this month. The stump flowers, withered branches and yellow leaves on other potted ornamental plants should also be cut off in time. 5. Prevention and control of diseases and pests. In August, red spiders are the most vulnerable to red spiders on the balcony. 1500 times of 25% Baileba wettable powder should be sprayed and killed in time. A small number of scale insects on flowers and trees can be removed by pasting transparent glue. The aphids that often appear on chrysanthemums should be sprayed with 1000 times of trichlorfon crystals.

Flower planting Handbook (September)

Flowers suitable for courtyard display in September, the temperature in most parts of China dropped slowly, and the monthly average temperature was between 20 ℃ and 24 ℃. There are many kinds of potted ornamental plants suitable for display in the courtyard this month. Among them, woody ornamental plant species are: Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus elliottii, Bamboo cypress, cycad, Canadian jujube, Australian iron, Cinnamomum chinense, cinnamon, sweet-scented osmanthus, pomegranate, rubber tree, flower and leaf banyan, Fusang mulberry, hibiscus, Dutch iron, leafy wood, Brazilian wood, wealth tree, umbrella, palm bamboo, Burmese gardenia, wine bottle coconut, broad-leaf coconut, star anise gold plate, Sprinkle peach leaf coral, ginkgo, crape myrtle, jasmine, palm, rose, fish tail sunflower, loose tail sunflower, king coconut, Zhu banana, beautiful needle sunflower, Qin leaf banyan, red maple, South American iron tree, spruce, goose palm wood, Fu wood (Garcinia mandshurica), big Buddha belly bamboo, silver birch, Milan, Bailan, Jiuli incense, dew tree, southern bamboo and so on. Herbaceous flowers are: large flower canna, a bunch of red, early chrysanthemum, bamboo begonia, marigold, colorful pepper, Lycoris, Catharanthus roseus, thousand-day red, dahlia, longkou flower and so on. Propagation of flowers in the courtyard 1. Sow. The species of woody flowers that can be sown are: peony, safflower oil tea, Michelia, magnolia, magnolia, seven-leaf tree, summer wax plum, Canadian jujube and so on. Among them, the seeds of the seven-leaf tree can be sown in trenches, the hilum of the seeds should be facing down when sowing, the thickness of the covered soil should not be too deep, and it is appropriate to cover the soil with plastic film or straw to protect moisture. Chimonanthus seeds can be soaked in cold water for 24 to 36 hours before sowing, and the seedlings can emerge about 2 weeks after sowing. The above-mentioned seeds must be stored in wet sand except that Chimonanthus chinensis can be dried and sown in the following spring. September is a good time to sow grass flowers in autumn. feasible species of grass flowers include hollyhock, carnation, Gao Xuelun, dwarf snow wheel, pansy, goldfish grass, petunia, turnip, daisy, marigold, black chrysanthemum, iris, cherry and so on. In addition, greenhouse flowers such as cyclamen, primroses, golden lotus, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, four seasons begonia, Fulang flower, bao flower, can also be sown at this time, but to spend the winter in a plastic shed. 2. Cutting. Using half-sand and half-grain bran ash as cutting substrate, the species of flowers and trees that can be moisturized and propagated in the courtyard are as follows: firethorn, ten meritorious works, Michelia, leaf flower, sea fairy flower, golden peach leaf coral, hanging bell begonia, Qionghua, snowball, brocade flower, mandarin duck jasmine, jasmine, pearl orchid, golden vein jade bed, coral flower, rubber tree, goose palm wood, Zhu banana and so on. Using general sand as seedbed, woody flowers that can be cut and propagated are: boxwood, purple magnolia, hypericum, Spiraea, pomegranate, hibiscus, crape myrtle, snow spray, eight immortal flowers, French holly, Phnom Penh privet, red leaf Berberis, bamboo, figs, oleander, June snow, gardenia, star anise plate, peony, peony and so on. Can also cut some grass flowers, such as a string of red, thousand red, marigold, sulfur chrysanthemum, cold chrysanthemum and so on. 3. Grafting. The following flowers and trees can be grafted and propagated: peony with peony root as rootstock; peach, apricot and other seedlings as rootstocks to propagate elm leaf plum, green peach, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, red leaf peach, plum blossom, etc.; green maple seedlings as rootstocks, bagged and moisturized branches to graft red maple, feather maple, etc.; Magnolia magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, budding excellent varieties Magnolia magnolia, Erqiao Magnolia magnolia Potted purple magnolia as rootstock, white orchid; citrus seedling as rootstock, kumquat bud, etc.; tassel as rootstock, sweet-scented osmanthus; potted wintersweet as rootstock, fine variety Chimonanthus mume. 4. Crimping. The ornamental flowers and trees that can be propagated by pressing are: Begonia, brocade flower, eight immortals, gardenia, oleander, spring welcome, Admiralty, sweet-scented osmanthus, purple magnolia, jasmine, Michelia, camellia, pearl orchid, French holly, snowball, Qionghua, snowspray, Spiraea and so on. 5. Ramet. The ornamental plant species that can be ramified are: Cymbidium, Cymbidium, Jian Lan, Paeonia lactiflora, Peony, Guangdong evergreen, Euphorbia angelica, Chrysanthemum, Magnolia, Little Angel, Multi-headed Green Emperor, Silveria, Kidney Fern, Phyllostachys pubescens, Tripterygium, Magnolia, Artemisia angustifolia, Ophiopogon, etc. In addition, hyacinths, tulips, freesia, calla lilies, Lycoris radiata and Mediterranean blue bell flowers can also be used to cultivate flowering bulbs at this time. Management of flowers planted in the courtyard 1. Transplanting. As the temperature in September is still relatively high, it is not necessary to transplant flowers and trees in the courtyard. For example, for the layout of the new courtyard or the transformation of the old courtyard, transplanting can also be carried out on the premise of bringing a good earth ball. Species such as oleander, dragon cypress, Michelia, Shu juniper, sweet-scented osmanthus, camellia, red leaf Berberis, golden leaf privet, yellow poplar, hypericum, French holly, safflower? Wood, sprinkled golden peach leaf coral, etc. Transplanting should carry out intensity pruning, and strengthen watering, spraying and shading management in order to ensure that transplanting is foolproof. Some grass flowers can still be planted or potted for viewing in October in golden autumn. Species are: red, thousand-day red, marigold, peacock grass, longkou flower, chicken crown flower, Catharanthus roseus, sulfur chrysanthemum, Xiaoli, marigold, short canna, morning chrysanthemum and so on. 2. Trim. Continue to prune the garden hedges and ball ornamental plants with strong growth and budding, which is also the last pruning of balls in the growing season in the northern region this year. The main species of courtyard hedges and color blocks suitable for pruning are: boxwood, French holly, spinulosa Photinia, privet, lobular privet, red leaf Berberis, gold leaf privet, Phnom Penh Platycladus orientalis and so on. Suitable for pruning ball ornamental plants are: Dragon cypress, Shu juniper, yellow poplar, bayberry, wolfberry, holly, heather, Haitong, firethorn, Admiralty and so on. The ones that can be planted on the ground are: a string of red, thousand-day red, sulfur chrysanthemum, ground skin, marigold, peacock grass and so on. It is appropriate to pick the heart every 10 days to promote it to form a plump plant shape, and give birth to more inflorescences on the lateral shoots, and stop picking the heart after late September. For woody flowers that bloom continuously for a long time, such as variety rose, abundant rose, miniature rose, rattan rose, crape myrtle, pomegranate, five-color plum, triangular flower, etc., the stump should be cut off in time, and the branches that have flowered should be appropriately shrunk to effectively promote them to blossom again. 3. Watering. In September, the climate is relatively dry, and continuing to do a good job in watering and spraying the trees and shrubs transplanted in the spring in the courtyard is one of the key measures to consolidate their survival effect. The first is to water the roots to keep the soil moist, but not to accumulate water; the second is to spray water on the grass rope wrapped around the trunk to create a locally moist protective layer for the trunk; and the third is to spray water on the crown to reduce foliar transpiration and increase the humidity of the local space. In addition, for the newly planted grass flowers, it is also necessary to do a good job of spraying water and moisturizing. 4. Fertilizing. Colorful foliage plants planted on the ground, such as golden leaf privet, red leaf Berberis, red maple, safflower? Wood, alpinia officinalis, alpinia mandshurica, golden peach leaf coral, red mulberry, red leaf dwarf cherry, red leaf plum, red leaf peach, etc., in order to keep its bright leaf color, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied properly. For land-planted flowers and trees that blossom continuously or watch flowers and fruits in autumn, such as crape myrtle, rose, cinnamon, tangerine, pomegranate, leaf flower, hibiscus, chrysanthemum, canna, dahlia, plum, southern bamboo, firethorn, cinnabar root, kumquat, etc., as well as a large number of autumn grass flowers, it is appropriate to apply balanced available fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For the flowering kumquat, cinnamon, cinnamon and so on, fertilization can be stopped during the flowering period. 5. Pest control. The green thorn moth that harms flowers and trees such as crape myrtle, pyracantha and begonia can be sprayed with 1000 times liquid of trichlorfon crystal for control; for longicorn beetles that harm crape myrtle, papaya and begonia, poison labels can be inserted from the wormhole to control powdery mildew on rose and chrysanthemum plants. 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times solution can be used at the initial stage of the disease. 6. Seed collection. The woody ornamental plants that can be collected are mainly flowers and trees of Magnoliaceae. Such as Tiannu, Michelia, Magnolia, Magnolia, Yunshan Magnolia, Lechang Michelia, Michelia mollissima, Michelia mollissima, Magnolia magnolia and so on. In addition, there are seven-leaf trees, crape myrtle, cloves, begonia, bauhinia, rhododendron, yew, bright-leaf wax plum and so on. The seeds of Magnoliaceae, yew, seven-leaf tree, begonia, etc., must be stored in wet sand until early spring next year, and then sow in the field after the seed crack. The seeds of grass flowers that can be harvested are: marigold, zinnia, impatiens, purple jasmine, cockscomb, Catharanthus roseus, wheat straw chrysanthemum, emerald chrysanthemum and so on. Management of potted flowers in courtyard 1. Watering. In September, the light is strong, the temperature is high, and the air is quite dry, so the watering management of potted flowers can not be ignored. Watering times, for the general wet foliage plants, the first half of the month can be watered or sprayed once in the morning and afternoon, and watered once in the second half of the month, and give foliar spray water appropriately. For most potted flowers and bonsai, it can be watered once a day, supplemented by foliar spraying. Watering time is before 10:00 in the morning and after 3pm. For ornamental plant species that like acid environment, a small amount of 0.1% light green ferrous sulfate powder can be added to the irrigation water. For summer dormant or semi-dormant flower species that resume growth after autumn, the number and frequency of watering (or spraying) can be gradually increased. When watering potted plants, they should loosen the soil every half a month. 2. Fertilizing. September is the period of exuberant growth of most flowers, some dormant and semi-dormant flower species in summer, with the gradual cooler temperature, also began to restore growth, this month should attach great importance to fertilization management. For foliage plants, such as tortoise back bamboo, rubber tree, wealth tree, Brazilian wood, spring feather, brown bamboo, ash ash, cinnamon, money tree (dragon and Phoenix wood), Nanyang fir, fish tail sunflower, green apple, red (green) gem, green emperor, silver queen, bamboo taro, synthetic taro, fir, etc., it is still dominated by low concentration of light fertilizer, such as 0.3% urea, etc. For flowers and trees with special flowering or full flowering in autumn, such as rose, tricolor plum, five-colored plum, pomegranate, crape myrtle, Milan, blue blue, jasmine, four seasons cinnamon, cinnamon, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc., ornamental plants such as daidai, Phyllostachys pubescens, cinnabar root, firethorn, papaya, golden marbles, purple beads, fruit pomegranate, etc., colorful leaf plants such as variable leaf wood, gold-sprinkled peach leaf coral, pineapple, flower leaf banyan, Phnom Penh Brazil wood, Zhu banana, colored leaf grass, etc. Fertilizer types with balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied. For the resuming growing crabapple, geranium, calla lily, cyclamen, four seasons begonia, Daphne, crab claw orchid, sedum, purslane (jade leaf), purple triangle leaf sorrel, gentleman orchid, arrow lotus, etc., low concentration liquid fertilizer can be restored. For flowers that have completed flower bud differentiation and entered the stage of flower bud expansion, such as Camellia, Camellia, Chimonanthus, Plum, Michelia, rhododendron, etc., low concentration nutritionally balanced fertilizers can be applied to potted grass flowers, such as red, marigold, chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, dahlia, pocket sunflower, etc., thin fertilizer can be applied every 10 days to meet the needs of their pregnant buds and next month's flowering. 3. Shade. In September, the temperature is high and the sun is still strong, so the shading management of potted flowers in the courtyard can not be relaxed. For those species of foliage plants that like shade Such as tortoise back bamboo, rubber tree, kidney fern, Boston fern, bird's nest fern, synthetic taro, taro, green apple, brown bamboo, green emperor, silver queen, orchid, pink daiye, golden horseradish, orchid, autumn begonia, unicorn leaf, cherry, red (green) gemstone, crystal candle, black leaf Guanyin lotus, reticulate grass, red vein jade bed, asparagus, goose palm wood, flower leaf Phoenix tail fern, watermelon pepper grass, flower and leaf evergreen, green giant, red palm, red palm Antler fern, mirror grass, water mass flower, emperor sunflower, rich bamboo, etc. Give 5 to 6 hours of light a day through shade Full light can be given to the species that like light, such as triangular maple, hammer elm, Fujian tea, ginkgo, bayberry, black pine, Platycladus orientalis (pile), round cypress, crape myrtle, southern fir, wisteria, Milan, jasmine, fire thorn, rose, oak, white wax, etc. Wood, epiphyllum, Phyllostachys pubescens, Yushu, rhododendron, camellia, tea plum, bergamot, daidai, kumquat, etc., can be given appropriate shade around noon. The newly transplanted autumn grass flowers should also be shaded properly to prevent the plant from wilting and affecting its growth. 4. Trim. For potted chrysanthemums, we should continue to peel off buds and remove buds, and prune rose, pomegranate, Milan, jasmine, pearl orchid, triangular plum, five-colored plum, golden bract, coral flower and so on after each flowering. For those tree stump bonsai species that are resistant to pruning, easy to germinate and thrive, such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular maple, Fujian tea, banyan tree, red nan, lobular privet, bayberry, melon seed yellow poplar, Platycladus orientalis (pile), true cypress, white wax, Tamarix, etc., continue to prune or pick buds. In addition, the seedlings of the rich trees can be braided and put on the pot. 5. Pest control. The red-necked longicorn beetles on potted plum blossom, begonia, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, green peach and other plants can be injected with poison and can also be controlled by burying carbofuran granules. The Japanese tortoise wax scale, cotton blowing scale, shield scale, velvet scale and so on appeared on potted flowers and trees were controlled with 1500 times liquid of 40% speed culling. Potted plants suitable for balcony display in September, the balcony is still strong light, dry air, only some long-term put on the balcony potted flowers or potted plants with strong resistance, can adapt to the special environment on the balcony. They are: black pine, golden pine, red pine, five-needle pine, hammer elm, Finch plum, bayberry, triangular maple, wolfberry, holly, wax plum, pomegranate, melon seed yellow poplar, Platycladus orientalis (pile), round cypress, Fujian tea, white wax, banyan, leaf flower, rose, tequila, ginkgo, Milan, jasmine, park tree, Luo Han pine, thorn, five-colored plum and so on. For some flower species that prefer a cool environment, they can continue to be placed in air-conditioned rooms, such as Cymbidium, Oncidium, Dendrobium, Cartland, Wandai Orchid, Spider Orchid, Black Leaf Guanyin Lotus, Crystal Candle, Anthurium, Gentleman, inverted Golden Bell, Reticulate Grass, etc. For some common foliage plants, they can be moved indoors in 4 to 5 hours before and after noon, such as brown bamboo, tortoise back bamboo, Brazilian wood, rich tree, green apple, one-leaf orchid, loose-tailed sunflower, fish tail sunflower, king coconut, spotted oak tree, sprinkled peach leaf coral, goose palm wood and so on. The breeding of flowers on the balcony in September, you can continue to use large-caliber flowerpots as containers on the balcony, with a mixture of bran ash and wet sand accounting for 1 and 2 respectively, moisturizing with plastic film, and can be cut and propagated some ornamental plants, such as gardenia, plantain, sprinkled peach leaf coral, goose palm wood, Japanese cinnamon, four seasons cinnamon, camellia, tea plum, pearl orchid, jasmine, red back cinnamon, coral, golden bract, smile, silver bright silk grass and so on. You can also insert goose palm wood, rose, gardenia, figs, Guangdong evergreen and so on in indoor water. Balcony flower management 1. Watering. For some ornamental plants that like wetting, such as Chunlan, Jianlan, Magnolia, tortoise back bamboo, one-leaf orchid, camellia, tea plum, cherry, pearl orchid, pineapple and so on, they can be put on the plank on the balcony pool or tank, or in the simple sand pool built by themselves, and usually spray water instead of watering. For potted foliage plants shelved indoors, they should also spray more water and less watering, so as to keep the pot soil loose and moist; especially in the air-conditioning room, spray water at least once or twice a day, otherwise even the five-needle pine bonsai, which is more drought-resistant, will lose water and die without watering or spraying for 5 to 7 days. Potted ornamental plants with strong resistance on the balcony can continue to be watered once a day and sprayed once or twice a day, or soaking pot method can be used to prevent the occurrence of wet and dry soil. Watering time should still avoid 2 to 3 hours before and after noon, pay attention to the difference between water temperature, soil temperature and air temperature, and add a small amount of light green ferrous sulfate to the irrigation water to avoid physiological yellowing. 2. Fertilizing. Low concentration liquid fertilizer should also be applied to potted flowers that gradually recover from dormancy or semi-dormancy; for potted pile heads with vigorous growth, dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied once after heart-picking and pruning; for potted flowers and trees that mainly view flowers and fruits, such as Magnolia, rose, pomegranate, crape myrtle, jasmine, pearl orchid, daidai, hot thorn, bergamot, kumquat, etc., we should continue to apply quick-acting phosphate and potassium fertilizer. For potted flowers that have completed flower bud differentiation and whose buds are growing, such as Camellia, Camellia, Chrysanthemum, Plum, Osmanthus, Chrysanthemum, etc., according to different species, appropriate amount of available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced multi-component compound fertilizer can be applied. On the balcony to the kinds of flowers and trees topdressing, do not have a peculiar smell, especially can not have a bad smell, pouring attention to do not splash downstairs, careful operation. 3. Shade. For the stump bonsai and potted flowers shelved on the balcony to receive full light, in order to reduce watering, prevent soil hardening, and protect the nutritious fibrous roots distributed in the surface of the potted soil, you can continue to cover the potted surface with wet grass, moss, wet cloth, etc.; when the number of potted flowers is small, it can be moved indoors in 5 to 6 hours before and after noon; if there are more potted flowers and the conditions are available, you can continue to stand and pull up the sunshade to block the light. 4. Trim. In September, bonsai stumps placed on the balcony, such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, bayberry, melon seed yellow poplar, triangular maple, banyan tree, Fujian tea, Platycladus orientalis (pile), round cypress, cedar, lobular privet, white wax, etc., still need to be coring or pruning. The withered branches, yellow leaves and abortive stems of other potted flowers and trees should also be cut off in time. 5. Pest control. In September, when the temperature on the balcony is high and the air is dry, potted flowers and trees are most vulnerable to the harm of red spiders, which can be sprayed with 1500 times of 25% Begonia wettable powder. Longicorn beetles on dragon cypress, cypress and juniper bonsai, and pink-necked longicorn beetles on plum blossoms, begonia, papaya, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling and other flowers and trees can continue to be injected with poison labels or buried with carbofuran for control. A variety of scale insects harmful to camellia, pyracantha, crape myrtle, wax plum and other flowers and trees can be artificially erased when the number is small, and can be sprayed with 1500 times of quick culling liquid to control when the number is large.

Flower planting manual winter

Flower planting Handbook (October)

Flowers suitable for courtyard display

In October, temperatures dropped in most parts of the country, with a monthly average temperature of between 10 ℃ and 19 ℃. There are many kinds of potted ornamental plants suitable for courtyard display this month. Among them, woody ornamental plant species are: Nanyang fir, five-needle pine, Japanese golden pine, white bark pine, Japanese fir, spruce, Luohan pine, bamboo cypress, cycad, Canadian jujube, Dutch iron, ash ash, orchid cinnamon, sweet-scented osmanthus, hibiscus, rubber tree, goose palm wood, flower leaf banyan, mulberry, golden pine, variable leaf wood, Brazilian wood, wealth tree, palm bamboo, wine bottle orchid, broad leaf ten work, star anise plate, sprinkler peach coral, Thick-leaf banyan, fish-tail sunflower, loose-tailed sunflower, king coconut, Zhu banana, beautiful needle sunflower, Qin leaf banyan, desert rose, South American iron tree, Fukumi, big Buddha belly bamboo, red maple, silver birch, Milan, Bailan, dew tree, Jiuli incense, southern bamboo and so on. Herbaceous flowers are: a bunch of red, big flower canna, dahlia, chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, small chrysanthemum, bamboo begonia, Longkou flower, peacock grass, marigold, five-color pepper, cockscomb, calendula, Catharanthus roseus, thousand-day red, petunia, guinea impatiens and so on. It should be noted that in North China, Northeast China and other places, when the temperature drops below 10 ℃, we should pay attention to the cold protection of the species planted in the south and north.

Propagation of flowers in the courtyard

1. Sow seeds. The species of woody flowers that can be sown are: peony, safflower oil tea, Michelia, magnolia, magnolia, seven-leaf tree, summer wax plum, rich and noble son, free from trouble, Kuding tea, Luohansong, bamboo cypress, French holly, du ying, beautiful needle sunflower, yew, sunflower, privet, lobular privet, camphor, sea immortal flower, palm, pond fir and so on. Among them, the hilum of the seven-leaf tree should be facing down when sowing, and the seeds of Chimonanthus should be soaked for 24 to 36 hours before sowing. Except for the seeds of Chimonanthus przewalskii and Prunus mandshurica which can be dried and sown in the following spring, the seeds of other species can be treated clean and stored in wet sand to accelerate germination until the seeds are white in spring. It should be noted that the seeds should be washed clean before storage, the water content of the sand should be clustered and loosened, and the ratio of seed to sand is about 1: 3. Seeds should be checked frequently during storage to prevent seeds from drying or mildew. The species of grass flowers that can be sown are: hollyhock, mallow, Yu Mei, calendula, goldfish grass, carnation, pansy, Parthenocissus, Shegan, short snow wheel, high snow wheel, turbot, daisy, black chrysanthemum, iris, beautiful cherry and so on. Greenhouse flowers such as golden lotus, paulownia, petunia, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, spring of the four seasons, African chrysanthemum, balsam flower, can also be sown in a plastic greenhouse.

2. Cutting. Feasible species of woody flowers for cutting propagation are: red-backed cinnamon, goose palm wood, evening incense, five-colored plum, fire thorn, ten meritorious works, bergamot, dragon spitting pearl, plantain, Michelia, peach coral, Fusang, leaf flower, jasmine, pearl orchid, red leaf Berberis, golden leaf privet, four seasons cinnamon, gardenia, sea immortal, hemp leaf hydrangea, safflower Spiraea, snow spray, hypericum, red leaf plum, rose, Qionghua, crape myrtle, hibiscus, oleander, hibiscus, oleander, Figs, pedicel begonias, etc. The cutting substrate can be either sandy soil or yellow soil, or a mixture of half sand and half bran ash, using fully closed moisturizing cuttings. In addition, some southern flowers and trees cutting, Frosts Descent arrived, we should pay attention to do a good job of cold prevention. Feasible cutting species of grass flowers are: red, thousand red, marigold, four seasons crabapple, bamboo crabapple, hanging bamboo plum, golden Pueraria, cold water flower, coral flower, golden bract flower, shrimp flower, golden vein jade bed, cold chrysanthemum and so on. Feasible cuttage (this part is short! )

3. Grafting. One-to two-year-old seedlings of black pine were used as rootstocks, five-needle pine (including Osaka pine) and golden pine were grafted by bagging, peony was grafted with peony root as rootstock, one-year-old Acer maple seedlings were used as rootstocks, red maple and feather maple were grafted with bags, and one-year-old Magnolia magnolia seedlings were used as rootstocks to bud superior varieties such as Magnolia magnolia, Magnolia magnolia and Magnolia safflower. With three-rowed arrow as rootstock, various fairy balls were grafted, and annual citrus seedlings were used as rootstock to graft kumquat.

4. Crimping. The species of flowers and trees that can be propagated under low pressure are: Camellia, plum blossom, sea immortal, eight immortal flowers, brocade belt, pedicel begonia, eight laurel, snowball, Qionghua, purple magnolia, gardenia, hypericum, French holly, welcome spring, Admiralty, Michelia, snowflake, safflower Spiraea and so on.

5. Ramet. The feasible woody flower species are: Phyllostachys pubescens, broad-leaf ten merit, ten merit, peony, stick begonia, hemp leaf hydrangea, double tapetum, spray flower, Spiraea, iron tree and so on. The feasible species of grass flowers are: peony, hairpin, spring orchid, purple calyx, crane orchid, cymbidium, Jianlan, buttercup, golden chrysanthemum, iris, shoot dry, lily of the valley, Guangdong evergreen, silver queen bright silk grass, purple triangle leaf sorrel, multi-headed green emperor, kidney fern, one-leaf orchid and so on. Feasible flower species are: calla lily, Zhu Dinghong, freesia, Lycoris, tulip, Mediterranean blue bell flower and so on.

Management of flowers planted in courtyard

1. Transplant. According to the local climate change, some deciduous ornamental plants can be transplanted after Frosts Descent's defoliation, such as hibiscus, bauhinia, elm plum, pomegranate, clove, red leaf plum, purple magnolia, green peach, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, Fenghua rose, red leaf Berberis, golden leaf privet and so on. For some evergreen flowering shrubs, such as broad-leaved ten meritorious shrubs, Phyllostachys pubescens, Shu juniper, dragon cypress, Platycladus orientalis, four Seasons, Gardenia jasminoides, Populus tomentosa, etc., when transplanting, one is to cut before transplanting, the second is to bring good soil balls, and the third is to strengthen watering and spraying management after transplanting. The species of courtyard grass flowers that can be planted are: carnation, daisy, hollyhock, kale, pansy, marigold, cherry, fluke, goldfish grass, onion orchid, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass and so on. Feasible bulb flower species are: daffodils, Hongkou daffodils, tulips, hyacinths and so on.

2. Trim. The hedges and balls in the courtyard should be trimmed for the last time this year, and the standard is flat, straight and round. The courtyard color blocks and hedge plants suitable for pruning are: Phnom Penh privet, red leaf Berberis, safflower tree, Phnom Penh Platycladus orientalis, Phnom Penh yellow poplar, big leaf yellow poplar, melon seed yellow poplar, French holly, privet, Ligustrum lucidum, lobular privet and so on. The balls that need to be pruned are: Dragon cypress, yellow poplar, red bayberry, wolfberry, holly, heather, Haitong, firethorn and so on. For continuously flowering flowers and trees in the courtyard, such as rose, crape myrtle, five-colored plum, triangulated plum, etc., we should continue to cut off the stump and stem, and cut the branches that have flowered moderately. For the grass flowers planted in the courtyard, such as red, marigold, thousand-day red, etc., it is necessary to cut off the open inflorescences in time to promote their lateral shoots to continue to blossom and blossom, so as to prolong the ornamental period.

3. Watering. For the newly planted courtyard flowers and trees in that year, we should continue to do a good job in watering and spraying: first, we should keep the soil at the roots moist, but there should be no stagnant water; second, we should continue to spray water on the leaves. In addition, we should also do a good job of spraying water and moisturizing the newly planted grass flowers.

4. Fertilizing. For autumn grass flowers planted in the courtyard, it is appropriate to apply balanced quick-acting fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; for sweet-scented osmanthus flowers that have already bloomed, base fertilizer can be opened in annular trenches; for pruned rose, begonia, crape myrtle, hibiscus, camellia, Michelia, plum blossom, wax plum, etc., appropriate amount of compound fertilizer can be applied. For Phyllostachys pubescens and Firethorn, as well as bergamot, kumquat, daidai and golden marbles in the south, a small amount of available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be properly applied to prolong the fruit appreciation period.

5. Pest control. Stem borer pests such as plum blossom, red leaf plum, cherry blossom and begonia planted in the ground will continue to be controlled with poison swabs. The withered branches and leaves falling in the courtyard should be cleaned and burned in time. In the north, the thick tree trunks in the courtyard can be whitened at the end of the month, or stone-sulfur mixture can be applied directly on the trunk.

[page] 6. Seed collection. Available woody plant species are: Luohan pine, bamboo and cypress, disease-free, seven-leaf tree, purple magnolia, magnolia, magnolia, Taxus, Camellia oleifera, etc. These seeds must be stored in wet sand. The feasible seed species for dry storage are: crape myrtle, Liriodendron chinense, red maple, chicken claw maple, golden pine, metasequoia, Cryptomeria fortunei, Sapium sebiferum, Albizia glabra, Luan tree, hibiscus, southern sour jujube, bauhinia, camptotheca, Chongyang wood, Wujiao maple and so on. Available grass flowers are: a bunch of red, cockscomb, zinnia, thousand-day red, Xiaoli chrysanthemum, marigold, peacock grass, chrysanthemum, impatiens, purple jasmine, ground skin, wheat straw chrysanthemum, Persian chrysanthemum, alpine snow, poinsettia, mimosa, dance grass and so on.

In addition, at the end of October, the underground roots of canna and dahlia were dug up when the aboveground part was close to withering, and the sand was stored indoors, keeping the room temperature not less than 5 ℃, and then cut and planted again in the spring of next year.

Management of potted flowers in courtyard

1. Watering. Although the weather has turned cool, in most areas south of the Huaihe River, the temperature is still above 17 ℃, and the air is quite dry, so watering of potted flowers must be managed carefully. For some foliage plants that like to be moist, such as rubber tree, orchid orchid, tortoise back bamboo, green apple, synthetic taro, ash ash wood, orchid cinnamon, hulk, ruby, etc., it is appropriate to water once a day in sunny days, supplemented by foliar spray; for summer dormant flowers that resume growth after entering autumn, including semi-dormant species, such as calla lily, cyclamen, gentleman orchid, purslane, incense, geranium, hanging bell crabapple, etc., need to increase the amount of water. For wax plum, plum blossom and camellia that blossom in winter and early spring, watering should be controlled and more water should be sprayed to facilitate the expansion of the bud. For the cold-afraid flower species in the northern region, it is necessary to reduce watering, which can accelerate the Lignification of their new shoots, so as to facilitate their safe passage through the winter. The best watering time is 10:00 or 3pm.

2. Fertilizing. For summer dormant flowers that resume growth after cool autumn, it is necessary to apply low concentration quick-acting liquid fertilizer in time; for camellia, plum blossom, wax plum, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, primrose, gentleman orchid, cyclamen, cyclamen, Belgian rhododendron, red daffodil, etc., the mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea should continue to be applied. For most foliage plants, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped after the middle of October, and some low concentration potassium fertilizer should be applied properly in order to increase the cold resistance of plants; for ornamental fruit potted plants, such as daidai, lemon, kumquat, Tianzhu, winter coral, rich seeds, golden marbles and so on, a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in the first and middle of October.

3. Shade. For some very shady foliage plant species, such as Daifen leaf, tortoise back bamboo, bamboo taro, synthetic taro, emerald, Boston fern, pepper grass, etc., they still need to be shaded 2 to 3 hours before and after noon.

4. Trim. For most of the bonsai and potted flowers that must be moved indoors in the middle and late October, the withered branches, disease and insect branches, and thin branches should be cut off first; for the long branches, they should be shrunk in strength; the binding objects that have been modeled for 1 to 2 years can be removed, or they can be re-tied after they are untied, so that they will not be strangled and bound in a fixed position for a long time, injuring the cambium of the branches, causing the branches and leaves to die.

5. Keep out the cold. In the middle and last ten days of October in the northern region, some ornamental plant species that cannot tolerate the low temperature below 10 ℃ can be moved into the greenhouse in time; for some more hardy woody potted flowers or tree stump bonsai, they can be buried in the leeward and sunny soil at the end of the month to prevent the basin soil from freezing. The Yangtze River basin should accurately grasp the information of weather changes and avoid the threat of cold wave going south.

6. Pest control. Cut off the dead branches and leaves from potted flowers and trees, collect them uniformly and burn them. For potted chrysanthemums, aphids, chrysanthemum tigers, leaf miner larvae, inchworm and other pests should be controlled.

Potted plants suitable for balcony display

On the balcony in the first and middle of October, the light is strong and the air is dry. Only those potted flowers and trees that have been left on the balcony for a long time and have strong resistance can adapt to the open-air environment of the balcony. They are: black pine, golden pine, hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular maple, water bayberry, white wax, Fujian tea, Luohan pine, Platycladus orientalis, round cypress, dragon cypress, melon seed yellow poplar, pomegranate, leaf flower, thick-leaf banyan, ginkgo, rose, jasmine, Milan, iron tree, firethorn, five-colored plum, Tamarix, red maple and so on. Some cold-resistant southern flowers and trees can no longer be placed on the balcony when the temperature drops to 10 ℃. For some flower species that like a cooler environment, they can be placed indoors at the beginning of the month. Such as Cymbidium, crystal candle, netted grass, Cartland, Phalaenopsis, Oncidium and so on. For some common foliage plants, they can be moved indoors in 3 to 4 hours before and after noon, and can be placed on the balcony at other times, such as palm bamboo, Brazilian wood, wealth tree, green apple, one-leaf orchid, loose-tailed sunflower, fishtail sunflower, king coconut, spotted cymbidium, goose palm wood and so on. In the north, when the temperature drops to 10 ℃, most flowers and trees can no longer be placed on the balcony. The propagation of flowers on the balcony in the first ten days of October, we can continue to use the wide-mouth flowerpot as the cutting container on the balcony, containing the mixed cutting substrate of 1% of bran ash and 1% of wet sand, or vermiculite can be used alone as cutting substrate, covered with plastic film to moisturize, and cuttings propagate a small amount of ornamental plants. Such as gardenia, goose palm wood, rubber tree, peach leaf coral, Michelia, jasmine, pearl orchid, Guangdong evergreen, coral flower, golden bract, shrimp flower, mulberry, bergamot, silver queen silk grass, golden kudzu, geranium and so on.

Management of balcony flowers

1. Watering. For woody ornamental plants placed on the balcony, such as cycads, banyan trees, rubber trees, goose palm wood, Brazilian wood, rich trees, Milan, Prynne, jasmine, etc., can be watered once a day, supplemented by foliar spray; for the already pregnant bud, the species that will blossom in winter and early spring, such as wax plum, plum blossom, camellia, tea, Belgian rhododendron, etc., should not be watered too much, and spraying the branches and leaves at the same time can effectively promote the expansion of the bud. For potted foliage plants shelved indoors, such as tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, cherry angel, one-leaf orchid, plantain, bird's nest fern, Anthurium andraeanum, taro, green apple, etc., should be watered mainly and watered as a supplement, in order to keep the basin soil dry.

2. Fertilizing. Potted flower species that resume growth from dormancy or semi-dormancy, such as Cymbidium, cyclamen, calla, and Cymbidium, pineapple, orchid, etc., can be poured with a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea; for fruit-viewing daidai, kumquat, kumquat, lemon, bamboo, golden marbles, rich seeds, hot thorns, winter corals, etc., can continue to apply a small amount of low concentration available phosphate and potassium fertilizer. For Milan, Magnolia, Pearl Orchid, Jasmine and so on, thin phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied 1 or 2 times in early October to facilitate its smooth winter.

3. Shading. In the first and middle of October, in order to reduce the amount of water, protect the nutritious fibrous roots distributed on the surface of the potted soil, and prevent the consolidation of the potted soil, we can continue to cover the surface of the potted soil with wet grass, moss, wet cloth and so on, especially the shallow potted tree stump bonsai, in order to reduce the amount of water, protect the nutritious fibrous roots distributed on the surface of the potted soil and prevent the consolidation of the potted soil. For some shade-loving foliage plants, they can be moved indoors for 3 to 4 hours before and after noon in sunny weather. The sunshade net built in summer can be removed after mid-October.

4. Trim. The stump bonsai shelved on the balcony in mid-late October, such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular maple, banyan tree, Fujian tea, Platycladus orientalis (pile), Luohan pine, round cypress, dragon cypress, privet, etc., must be pruned and reshaped as necessary. The wire or non-metal wire which has been bound for more than a year can be solved first. if the modeling requirement is not met, a new binding position can be changed and then fixed, so as to avoid serious damage to the plant caused by deep constriction. For general potted flowers and trees, such as rose, wax plum, plum blossom, pedicel begonia, vertical silk begonia, etc., can also be pruned appropriately.

5. Pest control. In late October, the dead branches and leaves of all potted flowers on the balcony can be collected and burned together. The stump bonsai with partially exposed xylem of the trunk can be smeared with stone-sulfur mixture, which can not only protect the xylem of the trunk, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the coming year. Flower planting Handbook (November)

November weather characteristics: this month is the turn of autumn and winter, November 7, the Beginning of Winter, the beginning of winter in China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River will freeze; November 22, Lesser Snow, the Yellow River basin and the north began to snow, the Yangtze River basin also began to enter winter. The conservation of flowers and trees this month should pay attention to two aspects of work: one is to trim and clean up the flowers and trees planted on the ground, to whiten and disinfect the trunk, to turn the ground and apply basic fertilizer, and the other is to do a good job in preventing cold and freezing from bonsai and flowers in the greenhouse and greenhouse. The management of flower events this month mainly has the following contents.

I. Flower reproduction

1. Sow seeds. The kinds of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse in November are: Golden Lotus, Big Rock Tree, Begonia bulb, cyclamen, African Chrysanthemum, Magnolia, asparagus, Hosta and so on.

The types of flowers and trees that can be sown on demand in November are: hemp leaf hydrangea, lobular privet, camphor, pencil cypress, bamboo cypress, Luohan pine, disease-free seed, rich seed (cinnabar root), palm, French holly, heather, cypress and so on.

two。 Cuttings. It is feasible to cut in the open field in November, but it must be covered with plastic film. the main types of flowers and trees for heat preservation and cold protection are: red leaf plum, plum blossom (refers to green calyx, palace powder and other varieties), rose (refers to abundant rose, Elizabeth and other easy-to-root varieties), sticking begonia and so on.

The species of flowers and trees that can be propagated by root insertion in November are: red leaf plum, weeping begonia, sticking stem begonia, wolfbone, holly, Lingxiao, hammer elm, June snow and so on. Some of these root seedlings can be used to make small, miniature bonsai.

The flowers and trees that can be closely planted and propagated in the greenhouse or greenhouse in November are: melon seed and yellow poplar, sparrow tongue yellow poplar, big leaf yellow poplar, silver edge yellow poplar, cold water spray, Phnom Penh privet, gardenia, hypericum, golden plum, ten meritorious efforts, Phnom Penh June snow and so on. If properly managed, intact roots can be grown next spring, which can be used to cultivate the green shape of balls. In winter, bamboo crabapple, borer leaf begonia, lotus leaf begonia, geranium, Fusang, hanging bell begonia, Yushu, purslane, red back cinnamon, golden bract, shrimp flower and so on can be cut and propagated in the greenhouse.

In November, ear cuttings such as hibiscus, Lingxiao and grape can be cut and stored in the Yangtze River valley, and cutting in the next spring can obviously accelerate the rooting speed and improve the survival rate of cuttings.

3. Grafting. Red maple and feather maple were grafted with green maple seedling as rootstock, red maple and feather maple were grafted with apricot seedling and peach seedling as rootstock, plum blossom was cut (grafting interface was buried in soil for overwintering), sturdy branches of rose (Elizabeth variety) were used as rootstock, branches of excellent rose were used as scion, split grafting or cutting were carried out after cuttage, interface healing and lower incision rooting were synchronized, which could speed up the process of cultivating grafted seedlings of rose.

4. Press the strip. The main species of flowers and trees that can be propagated under low pressure in November are: Tripterygium, Gardenia jasminoides, gardenia, pomegranate, camellia, plum blossom, wax plum, Luohansong, brocade flower, sweet-scented osmanthus, eight immortal flowers, purple magnolia, emerald cypress, Michelia, hemp leaf hydrangea, snowball, Qionghua, spray snow and so on.

5. Ramet. The woody ornamental plant species that can be propagated in November are: Begonia, hemp leaf hydrangea, snow spray, red Spiraea, three branches, hypericum, golden plum, ten meritorious works, drunken fish grass, peony, broom, welcome spring, golden bell, Jasmine, jasmine, Zhu orchid, Phoenix tail bamboo, Fei Baizhu and so on.

In the south of the Yangtze River basin, the underground roots or tubers of Dahlia, canna and canna can be dug, stored in sand and then cut and planted in March of the following spring.

Feasible plant and flower species are: Bletilla striata, Jian Lan, Chunlan, Cymbidium, Hosta, Purple Calyx, Shegan, Iris, ornamental pineapple, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass, onion orchid, evergreen, one-leaf orchid, rooting and so on.

1. Gather seeds. The grass flower seeds that can be harvested in November are: a string of red, thousand-day red, hundred-day red, emerald chrysanthemum, peacock grass, marigold, maple sunflower and so on.

The species of flowers and trees that can be collected for dry storage in November are: black pine, Huangshan pine, five-needle pine, metasequoia, cypress, Japanese cypress, Japanese flat cypress, acacia, maple, Camptotheca acuminata, Eucommia ulmoides, red redwood, Sapium sebiferum, wisteria, crape myrtle, Caragana, hemp leaf hydrangea. The types of flowers and trees that can be sowed on pick or must be stored in wet sand are: privet, lobular privet, palm, camphor, pencil cypress, disease-free seed, Chinese wolfberry, yew, magnolia, holly, wolfberry, firethorn, heather, Chinese rose (used to cultivate rootstocks) and so on.

two。 Transplanting and planting. The species of grass flowers that can continue to plant and transplant flower beds in November are: short snow wheel, carnation, hollyhock, mallow, pansy, goldfish grass, daisy, calendula, kale and so on.

The species for transplanting big trees in November are: Cinnamomum camphora, Magnolia grandiflora, Albizia mandshurica, Sapium sebiferum, Ligustrum lucidum, Luan tree, tallow, white magnolia, sweet-scented osmanthus, red maple, red leaf plum, plum blossom, wax plum, seven-leaf tree, Linden tree, giant bauhinia, horse Liriodendron, two Qiao magnolia, papaya, begonia and so on. Among them, when transplanting evergreen trees, the branches and trunk must be properly cut or truncated, and most of the leaves must be deleted, and the trunk should be tied up with grass rope, and at the same time, a large soil ball (generally the diameter of the soil ball is about 6 to 7 times the diameter of the trunk). To ensure its survival; transplanting deciduous trees, you can cut the trunk short, cut the big branches, bring the soil balls and tie up the trunk. After transplanting, the management of watering and trunk spraying must be strengthened in order to survive. In addition, the incisions of the trunk and big branches should be sealed with wax or bound with plastic film to prevent a large amount of water evaporation in the tree.

In November, plum piles, wax plums, camellias, camellias, camellias

In November, potted hyacinths, tulips and daffodils should be transferred to the greenhouse to promote them to blossom around the Spring Festival.

1. Water it. For most of the ornamental flowers (including bonsai) placed in the greenhouse, greenhouse or room, the amount of watering in November should be based on keeping the basin soil moist and should not be too wet. if the temperature is too low and the plants are watered too much, the roots are easy to die. If the indoor temperature is high, the amount of water should be increased appropriately, and the necessary foliar spray should be given.

For those species of potted flowers that bloom before and after the Spring Festival, such as camellia, tea plum, rhododendron, plum blossom, wax plum, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, as well as fruit ornamental plants such as dai dai, bergamot, lemon, firethorn, bamboo, winter coral, rich seeds, etc., not only to keep the potted soil moist, but also to spray water frequently to the plant, so as to facilitate the expansion and growth of the plant flower buds, and also make the fruit appear more colorful.

For foliage plants shelved in greenhouses, greenhouses and rooms, we should not only keep the basin soil moist, but also spray water on the leaves regularly to keep them green and clean all the time. In the greenhouse and living room with higher temperature, the amount of water can be increased. For less hardy foliage plants, such as taro, bamboo taro, pink daiye, green emperor, variable leaf wood, silver queen, etc., the amount of water should be controlled to help them survive the winter safely.

[page] the suitable watering time for potted flowers in November is from 10 am to 11:00, and the water temperature should be basically consistent with the soil temperature, so as to avoid adverse reactions caused by low water temperature, which will affect their safety in overwintering.

two。 Fertilize. For potted flowers shelved in the room above 15 ℃, such as rhododendron, camellia, camellia, plum blossom, wax plum, golden bract, shrimp flower, Rui Xiang, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, cyclamen, tapestry begonia, hyacinth, gentleman orchid, tulip, ornamental pineapple, crab claw orchid, colorful pineapple, etc., they can continue to apply low concentrations of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer solution can promote their growth and flowering.

For most of the potted plants, foliage plants and bonsai placed in the general greenhouse, topdressing should be stopped to facilitate its normal dormancy and overwintering. Most of the flowers and trees planted on the ground, such as begonia, Magnolia, Michelia, Gardenia, seven-leaf tree, camphor, Spiraea, sweet-scented osmanthus, grape, rose, wax plum, plum blossom, cherry blossom, trouble-free, acacia, palm, red maple, peony, golden bell, peony, hypericum, etc., can be buried with biscuit fertilizer The dosage of each plant is 0.5 kg to 1.5 kg, and the smaller plants can be less, laying a good material foundation for the growth and flowering of next year.

3. Trim. Continue to trim hedges, green walls and ball shapes that have not been trimmed, and base fertilizer can be applied after pruning.

Carry out omni-directional shaping and pruning of bonsai plant species dominated by scissors, such as hammer elm, Fujian tea, Finch, maple, oak, white wax, fire thorn, June snow, cypress, Luohan pine, wintersweet, begonia, etc., to lay a good skeleton for next year's growth.

Pruning the ground or potted rose that has not yet been pruned, except for retaining 3 to 5 1-to 2-year-old sturdy stems with a base of 30 cm to 50 cm, the rest of the old stem is amputated from its base, and all the thin branches are cut off. The current year's branches on the untrimmed crape myrtle were shrunk intensively, except for retaining 20 cm to 30 cm at the base of several thick branches, and all the other branches were cut off, so as to draw more sturdy shoots in the coming year and lay a good foundation for its more flowering.

Common flowers and trees on the flower bed, along the street, and in the courtyard, such as crape myrtle, hibiscus, sweet-scented osmanthus, camphor, Fatong, purple magnolia, Admiralty, plum blossom, wax plum, cherry blossom, camellia, acacia, firethorn, Haitong, begonia, etc., cut off all the irregular branches, thin branches, bore branches, disease and insect branches, and cut the long branches protruding the crown properly. In addition, the thick palm trees can be peeled off in November to do a good job in trunk cleaning, so that it shows its due ornamental effect.

4. Keep out the cold. Potted flowers and trees that are not too afraid of cold, such as Camellia, Camellia, rhododendron, Cymbidium, Cymbidium, Phyllostachys pubescens, Sequoia, Jasmine, Magnolia, Magnolia, Dai Dai, bergamot, lemon, kumquat, cinnabar root, goose palm wood, tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, fish tail sunflower, rubber tree, wealth tree, Canadian jujube, palm bamboo, etc., can be put in a plastic greenhouse, as long as the room temperature is not less than 5 ℃.

For non-cold-resistant potted flower species, such as bamboo taro, pink daiye, synthetic taro, deep feather split vine green velvet, Milan, variable leaf wood, golden vein jade bed, golden bract, Brazilian iron, red (green) gemstone, hulk, green emperor, silver queen, egg flower, rich bamboo, Phalaenopsis orchid, Cartland, magnolia, etc., should be kept indoors at room temperature not less than 10 ℃, or you can use a double-layer plastic greenhouse to protect the winter.

For those more hardy bonsai or potted plants, such as wax plum, plum blossom, begonia, Yingshanhong, pomegranate, hammer elm, crape myrtle, melon seed yellow poplar, Finch, Luo Hansong, five-needle pine, green cypress, round cypress, triangular maple, red maple, etc., can be directly buried in the leeward and sunny soil together with the flowerpot, under the condition of not less than-10 ℃, generally will not occur frost injury. In case of particularly cold weather, it can be covered with film soft grass to prevent cold.

For potted flowers or bonsai placed in greenhouses, greenhouses or bedrooms in November, in addition to ensuring certain temperature conditions, we should also do a good job of ventilation, which can be ventilated around noon to prevent plants from falling flowers, fruits and leaves due to being stuffed indoors for a long time; in addition, there should be no gas and other toxic gases indoors, otherwise it is also easy to cause fallen leaves and fruits. When ventilating, you should also be careful not to let the plant be directly attacked by the cold wind.

5. Pest control. For the flowers and trees which are prone to leaf diseases, such as grape, begonia, rose, rose, camellia, chrysanthemum and so on, collecting and burning the fallen leaves under their plants can significantly reduce the occurrence of diseases in the coming year.

Continue to whiten the trunk of the street; dry and split-dry stump bonsai can be coated with stone-sulfur mixture to prevent the deep decay of the stump xylem.

Whitefly and scale insects on potted flowers and trees placed in greenhouses or greenhouses (dai dai, bergamot, cycad, orchid, camellia, gentleman orchid, orchid) are all likely to be wiped off with a wet cloth and sprayed with pesticides such as quick culling.

For aphids on potted plants put indoors (which may occur in Magnolia, Milan, daidai and rose), tobacco water can be sprayed to control them.

For the rhododendron placed in the greenhouse, it is necessary to stop spraying Yemianbao fertilizer, otherwise coal pollution will occur easily due to poor indoor ventilation and high air humidity.

The main types of bonsai plants suitable for modeling in November are: Luo Hansong, Cuibai, round cypress, velvet cypress, Yanbai, weeping spear, June snow, plum blossom, wax petal flower, oak, Chinese wolfberry, holly, melon seed, yellow poplar, pearl yellow poplar, hammer elm, vertical silk begonia and so on.

For the bonsai pile head which has been suspended with brown rope for 1 to 2 years, when it is found that there are deep constrictions on the stem and branch, the old brown rope can be disassembled in November and the hanging adjustment of the dry branch can be carried out again.

After preliminary root cutting, stem cutting and branch cutting, new tree stumps such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular plum, bayberry, pyracantha and Elaeagnus angustifolia were planted in sandy soil by the method of shallow burial and high culture, and then modeled after branch in the coming year.

After 1 to 2 years of maintenance and modeling, the stumps that have been basically formed can be replanted in November according to the modeling characteristics of stump trunks, roots and branches, equipped with fist stones and covered with moss for indoor display before and after the Spring Festival.

Tall plum piles, Luo Hansong, green peaches, crape myrtle, cypress, tapestry, etc., can be planted in pots in November to strengthen water management and can be used for display in squares, parks and auditoriums in the coming spring.

Flower planting Handbook (December)

Weather characteristics in December: winter has entered in most parts of our country this month, and the weather is getting colder. The snowfall in China has increased from north to south, the temperature in Jianghuai and Jiangnan has dropped to below zero one after another, and the frost is frequent. The maintenance of flowers and trees this month should pay attention to three aspects: first, to do a good job in the heat preservation and anti-freezing of flowers and trees in greenhouses, greenhouses and rooms, and second, to do a good job in pruning and cleaning flowers and trees in the open field and fertilizing the fields. The third is to do a good job in the preparation of compost organic fertilizer and preparation of cultivated soil.

I. Flower reproduction

1. Sow seeds. The flower species that can be sown in the greenhouse in December are: big rock tree, asparagus, gentleman orchid, bulbous begonia, cyclamen, winter coral, African chrysanthemum and so on; the flowers and trees that can be sown outdoors or sand hide are: rose (such as Elizabeth), celadon, rich seeds, holly, fire thorns, palms, privet, camphor, lobular privet, disease-free son, heather, wood heather and so on.

two。 Cuttings. The woody ornamental flowers and trees that can be cut in the open field in December are plum blossom (mainly palace powder, green calyx, etc.), rose (mainly Elizabeth, abundant rose, miniature rose, etc.). Red leaf plum, wax plum (with heel cutting), Spiraea, yellow poplar and so on. Among them, yellow soil should be used for cutting plum blossom and red leaf plum, mixed substrate of rice chaff ash and fine sand 2 ∶ 1 should be used for rose cutting, and general sandy soil should be used for other kinds of cutting, which can be covered with plastic film to keep heat and moisture.

In the greenhouse, African violets can be propagated in leaves; combined with pruning, mulberry, geranium, lotus, epiphyllum, gemstone, stone lotus, purslane, rooting, longevity flowers, golden bracts, shrimp flowers, four seasons begonia, bamboo begonia, Rieger begonia, pearl orchid, jasmine, Longtuzhu, five-colored plum, goose palm wood, Ruixiang, green apple, Zhu Jiao and so on. Using cold room seedbed, gardenia, Jinxin (Phnom Penh) boxwood, ten meritorious services, hypericum, Admiralty, Yingchun, Luohansong, Luohanbai, June snow, firethorn, silver bud willow, three branches and so on can be propagated by cutting. In addition, branches such as Lingxiao, cloves and grapes can be cut for sand storage and cut again next spring.

3. Grafting. Fine varieties of plum blossom, such as bone red and cinnabar, can use the seedlings of apricot, fruit plum and peach sown in the same year in December to dig up the rootstocks and then split or cut them, then plant them on the seedling bed according to a certain row spacing, bury the soil above the grafting site, or even cover most of the grafted ear, pay attention not to infiltrate into the joint when watering, cover the plastic film to keep warm and wet, and then remove the covered plastic film after the scion sprouts in spring. Use the excavated wild rose plant to bud the rose of the superior variety, or use the robust branch segment of the Elizabeth rose variety (10 to 12 cm long) to cut or split the scion of the superior variety at the top, and then sow the grafted Elizabeth ear segment into a loose seedbed. The grafting part can be buried in the sandy soil, do not infiltrate into the interface when watering, cover the plastic film to keep moisture and heat preservation, remove the covered plastic film after the scion sprouts in the next spring, and then cut the binding belt of the joint with a blade after it is completely alive. In addition, it can also be bagged indoors to moisturize the abdomen and connect the red maple.

4. Press the strip. The feasible species of flowers and trees for strip propagation in December are: Luohansong, plum blossoms, camellias, sweet-scented osmanthus, Michelia, pedicel begonia, purple magnolia, snowballs, brocade flowers, gardenia, Yingchun, Admiralty, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, Qionghua, snow spray, pomegranate and so on.

5. Ramet. The herbaceous flower species that can be propagated in December are: onion orchid, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass, hairpin, purple calyx, safflower grass, one-leaf orchid, Jian orchid, spring orchid, cymbidium, kidney fern, shoot stem, iris, big leaf Ophiopogon japonicus, along the steps, evergreen, rooting, Guangdong evergreen. The offspring at the base of the ramet cut from the large colored leaf pineapple must be small plants that have grown on the mother plant for three or four months, otherwise the color bands of the cut offspring are easy to disappear, which should be paid special attention.

The species of woody ornamental plants that can be propagated in December are: Phyllostachys pubescens, Hypericum, Ten Gonglao, Begonia, Brown Bamboo, Safflower Spiraea, Golden Finch, Golden Bell, Yingchun, Jasmine, Jasmine, Magnolia, Gardenia, sisal, Phoenix tail Bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on.

1. Gather seeds. The grass flower seeds that can be harvested in December are generally the species of grass flowers transferred in the greenhouse or cold room, such as a string of red, thousand-day red, marigold, malachite, cyclamen, gentleman orchid and so on. The seeds of Cymbidium should be sown as they are picked.

The main woody ornamental plants that can collect seeds in December are: rose, wisteria, privet, lobular privet, pyracantha, rich seeds, holly, camphor, and heather. After treatment, these seeds are basically required to sprout in sand and can not be sown until the seeds are white in the coming year. Under dry storage, it is easy to lose vitality, resulting in the failure of sowing and breeding in the coming year.

two。 Transplanting and planting. The herbaceous flowers that can be planted in flower beds and flower beds in December are: carnation, kale, pansy, goldfish grass, calendula, daisies and so on. Some grass flowers can also be put in the greenhouse after potting, such as daisies, calendula, goldfish grass, kale, carnation, pansy and so on, which can be used for street display next spring.

In December, most deciduous greening trees and shrubs can be transplant, such as hibiscus, pomegranate, bauhinia, begonia, wax plum, plum blossom, white magnolia, purple magnolia, disease-free son, Luan tree, acacia tree, seven-leaf tree, red leaf plum, cherry blossom, papaya, two Arbor magnolia, crape myrtle, wisteria, Lingxiao, Linden, Liriodendron, red maple, blue peach, Robinia pseudoacacia, etc. On the other hand, the transplanting of evergreen trees and shrubs should be more cautious. the evergreen species that can be transplanted in winter are: privet, sweet-scented osmanthus, palm, Magnolia, camphor, rhododendron, holly and so on. When transplanting, we should first cut the strength of the main shoots and branches and delete most of the leaves. At the same time, we also need to bring large soil balls, the trunk is bound with grass rope to cover the plastic film, the trunk and big branches are cut to seal wax or film, so as to reduce water transpiration. After transplanting, we should often spray water on the leaves and tree trunks in order to ensure their normal survival.

The stumps and flowers that can be put on the pot in December are: plum blossom, wax plum pile, camellia, tea plum, pedicel begonia, vertical silk begonia. It is expected to blossom during the Spring Festival by putting it in the greenhouse and promoting the flowering treatment.

In December, potted hyacinths, tulips and daffodils continue to be put in the shed to promote flowering, which can promote their flowering before and after the Spring Festival.

1. Keep out the cold. In a simple plastic greenhouse with a temperature of no less than 0 ℃, the following ornamental plants can be placed without freezing damage, such as Penglai pine, Tianmeng, one-leaf orchid, star anise plate, coral of golden peach leaves, sunflower, kidney fern, palm bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, Michelia, rich seeds, fire thorns, camellias, spring orchids, cymbidium, Phoenix tail bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, cycads, etc.

Ornamental plant species with an overwintering temperature of not less than 5 ℃, such as southern fir, goose palm wood, rubber tree, jasmine, brandy, pearl orchid, pocket coconut, calla lily, spring feather, tortoise back bamboo, Jianlan, Mulan, Belgian rhododendron, triangular flower, cyclamen, primrose, five-colored plum, kumquat, daidai, lemon, loose-tailed anemone, geranium, mulberry, Buddha belly bamboo, etc., can overwinter in a double-layer plastic greenhouse. For the species requiring a winter temperature of not less than 10 ℃, such as variable leaf wood, taro, pepper grass, bamboo taro, rich bamboo, fishtail sunflower, Brazilian iron, rich tree, reticulate grass, pineapple, pink leaf, poinsettia, Cymbidium, Longtuzhu, golden bract, Milan, Phalaenopsis, Cartland, Magnolia, South American iron tree, red (green) gemstone, Oncidium, tiger orchid, etc., in a double-layer greenhouse with good sealing performance. It is also necessary to heat it up properly. in the particularly cold period, from 4: 00 p.m. to 9: 00 the next day, put a grass curtain on the roof of the greenhouse, and then remove it until the temperature gets warmer.

For those more hardy potted and bonsai plant species, such as wax plum, plum blossom, begonia, Yingshanhong, pomegranate, hammer elm, sparrow plum, oak, crape myrtle, wisteria, yellow poplar, Luohansong, triangular maple, Cuibai, garden cypress, red cypress, bayberry, Chinese wolfberry, white wax, etc., generally will not be frozen when not less than-10 ℃; in particularly cold weather, cover with plastic film or soft grass to prevent cold.

[page] whether the bonsai, potted flowers, foliage and fruit plants are placed in the greenhouse, greenhouse or in the living room, in addition to maintaining the appropriate indoor temperature, we should also pay attention to ventilation. The doors and windows can be opened around noon with the highest temperature of the day to prevent the occurrence of fallen leaves, flowers and fruits. In the ventilation, we must also pay attention not to let the cold air directly attack the plant, so as to avoid adverse reactions.

two。 Water it. For most of the potted flowers and bonsai placed in the greenhouse, greenhouse and bedroom, the degree is to keep the basin soil moist. If the temperature is too low and watered too much, it is easy to cause rotting roots. When the temperature rises, the amount of water can be increased and proper foliar spray can be given.

For those potted flowers that blossom before and after the Spring Festival, such as camellia, tea plum, Belgian rhododendron, plum blossom, wax plum, melon chrysanthemum, primrose, longevity flower, hyacinth, European daffodil, etc., ornamental fruits such as daidai, lemon, bergamot, tangerine, golden bean, winter coral, rich seeds, Phyllostachys pubescens, etc., should not only keep the potted soil moist, but also spray the leaves to facilitate the expansion of flower buds. It can also increase the freshness of flowers and fruits.

For most foliage plants in the shelving room, we should not only keep the basin soil moist, but also spray water on the foliage surface, and always keep the foliage surface clean; for those foliage plant species that are not very cold-resistant, such as Fendai leaf, fruit taro, bamboo taro, leaf-changing wood, silver queen, etc., when the room temperature is close to the minimum temperature they can bear, special attention should be paid to controlling the amount of water to ensure that they can survive the winter safely.

The watering time in December should be 3 to 4 hours before and after noon, and the water temperature should be basically consistent with the air temperature and soil temperature, so as to avoid adverse reactions caused by low water temperature.

Newly transplanted flowers and trees outdoors should be checked frequently and replenished in time; for transplanted evergreen trees, foliar spray can be given around noon to prevent leaves from drying and falling off.

3. Fertilize. For most of the potted flowers and trees, foliage plants and bonsai placed in the general greenhouse, fertilizer should be stopped, otherwise it is easy to cause the plant to rot and die.

Most of the green trees and flowers planted on the ground Such as Begonia, Magnolia, Magnolia, Magnol Cryptomeria fortunei, cedar, cypress, Robinia pseudoacacia, elm leaf plum, Yu Li, white silk plum, heather, bauhinia, hibiscus, etc. While ploughing the garden field in December, fertilizers such as cake fertilizer, pig and cow manure, pond mud and septic tank residue can be applied to the periphery of the plant root system, so as to lay a good material foundation for next year's growth and flowering.

For potted flower species placed in the room from 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, such as camellia, tea plum, rhododendron, plum blossom, wax plum, golden bract, shrimp flower, pineapple, Ruixiang, melon leaf chrysanthemum, primrose, cyclamen, pedicel begonia, hyacinth, gentleman orchid, tulip, freesia, etc., 1.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied to promote the pregnant bud and flowering of the plant.

4. Trim. The hedgerows, green walls and ball shapes that have not been pruned in November are trimmed, such as privet, lobular privet, Fa Qing, big leaf boxwood, Shu juniper, four seasons cinnamon, spinulosa heather, etc.; balls such as gooseberry, bayberry, heather, yellow poplar, Haitong, Admiralty, pyracantha, dragon cypress, juniper, etc., can be fertilized while completing pruning.

The ground-planted flowers and trees that have not been pruned in November, such as rose, crape myrtle, palm, red leaf plum, heather, Fatong, plum blossom, wax plum and so on, can be pruned and fertilized around the root system after pruning.

For bonsai plant species dominated by shearing, such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, medlar bone, Fujian tea, maple, oak, white wax, fire thorn, June snow, Luohansong, cypress, cypress, begonia, papaya, etc., continue to prune in December to lay a good skeleton for next year's growth; plants that have not changed pots for many years can be combined with pruning to change pots.

5. Pest control. For flowers and trees that are prone to diseases and insect pests in the leaves of grape, begonia, rose, rose, camellia, crape myrtle, etc., the litter under their plants will be collected and burned, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases next year. At the same time, spray stone sulfur mixture for sterilization and disinfection.

For powdery mildew of potted melon-leaf chrysanthemum and Botrytis cinerea of primroses, the former was controlled by triadimefon or thiophanate-methyl in time, and the latter was controlled by thiophanate-methyl.

For the species of scale insects that are easy to appear in flowers and trees in the greenhouse, such as hadai, bergamot, cycad, camellia, orchid, etc., you can first wipe them with a dishcloth, and then use pesticides such as quick culling.

When there is poor ventilation, aphids often appear on potted plants, such as Magnolia, Milan, daidai, rose, Fujian tea, etc., can be controlled by tobacco water.

On the trunk and big branches of flowers and trees such as Haitong, sweet-scented osmanthus, Fatong, camellia, lobular privet, pyracantha, oleander, begonia, Magnolia, bauhinia, gardenia, cedar, heather, crape myrtle, wax plum, etc., there are many kinds of scale insects that often appear on the trunk and big branches of flowers and trees, such as horned wax scale, Japanese tortoise wax scale, red wax scale, shield scale, sagittal scale, pink scale, velvet scale, etc., at this time, spray and kill with high concentration of pesticides such as quinathulfan, quinathulene, buprofezin and other pesticides. Drug damage is rarely caused.

6. Compost. In order to meet the needs of raising seedlings and preparing culture soil next year, rapeseed cake, bean cake and tea seed cake can be poured into water tank and pool for sealed soaking fermentation.

Dry withered grass, fallen leaves, shrubs, branches, etc., are piled up in layers with the garden soil, ignited and burned to form burning soil, which is a good covering soil for sowing and raising seedlings next year.

Compost, pond mud, chicken droppings and pigeon manure were mixed with garden soil and sealed fermentation, which can be used for topdressing seedlings and preparing culture soil in the coming year.

7. Prepare culture soil. Make use of your winter free time to find an open space or pile up as much culture soil as possible in the shade of trees in case you need to change pots and plant flowers next spring. Generally, there are 4 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of rotten leaf soil (or 2 parts of alpine humus soil), 1 part of fine sand, 1 part of piled sawdust, tobacco dust or bran ash, plus about 5% retted cake fertilizer and 2% to 3% compound fertilizer. Among them, garden soil and rotten leaf soil should be screened, gravel, tree roots and other sundries should be sifted, fully mixed, covered with plastic film, and can also be stacked indoors after 3 to 4 months. It can be used for changing pots or potting grass flowers.

8. Turn over the ground and freeze. For the garden used for sowing, cutting and planting seedlings next year, ploughing can be carried out in December; the garden for sowing and planting seedlings can be applied cake fertilizer, barnyard manure, pond mud and so on before replanting; temporarily do not make a bed, after freezing over the winter, to make a bed in the early spring of next year, it can greatly reduce the cost of seedling management, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

The ornamental plants suitable for bonsai modeling in December are: Luohan pine, Luohanbai, garden cypress, cypress, velvet cypress, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris, black pine, five-needle pine, red pine, bayberry, wolfbone, holly, weeping spear, ginkgo, June snow, broom elm, finch, triangular maple, wax petal flower, Tamarix, pedicel begonia, weeping silk begonia, papaya begonia, melon seed yellow poplar, pearl yellow poplar, wisteria, purple myrtle, banyan, banyan, Fujian tea, white wax, oak and so on.

For bonsai plants fixed with brown wire (rope) or wire, if it has been fixed for one year, or obvious constriction marks are found on the stem or branch, the original ligature should be removed and the wire or brown rope should be used for hanging traction.

For plum piles, Luohansong, begonia, ginkgo, cypress, crape myrtle, etc., after some necessary pruning and plastic surgery, choose a good pot for planting and strengthen management, so that they can be used in public places or rooms for display in the coming year.

In winter, we must carefully manage some shallow landscape bonsai and tree stump bonsai: first, to prevent the roots of plants from frostbite in the basin soil; second, to prevent the disintegration of artificial cemented rocks caused by freezing; and third, to prevent plants planted on rockery from freezing or drying to death. It can be placed in an ice-free place and watered regularly so that it can survive the winter safely.

Flower planting Handbook (January)

The weather characteristics of January: this month is the lowest and coldest month of the year. On January 5, Lesser Cold, just before and after the "39 th Day", most parts of China entered a period of severe cold. On January 20, Greater Cold, the cold air in the north frequently went south, the frost was heavy and the snow was thick, resulting in the lowest temperature of the year. This month's flower conservation, the most important thing is to do a good job in greenhouse, greenhouse and indoor cold-fearing flowers, bonsai, etc., followed by tree pruning, litter cleaning and land preparation, and other auxiliary work.

I. Flower reproduction

1. Sow seeds. The kinds of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse in January are: big rock tree, asparagus, gentleman orchid, bulb begonia, cyclamen, winter coral, African chrysanthemum and so on. The ornamental plants that can be sown in the open field are: rose (Elizabeth), Phyllostachys pubescens, Fugui seed, holly, fiery thorn, palm, heather, heather, disease-free son, privet, wisteria, Sapium sebiferum, Luan tree and so on.

two。 Cuttings. The ornamental plant species suitable for cutting propagation in the open field or covered with plastic film in January are plum blossom (green calyx, palace powder, etc.), red leaf plum, rose (Elizabeth, abundant flower, miniature, etc.), cherry blossom, wax plum (with heel), Spiraea, yellow poplar, pomegranate, silver bud willow, ten gong, Luo Han pine, June snow, three branches, golden peach, golden bell, spray snow, welcome spring, Jasminum and so on. The species that can be propagated by cutting in greenhouse are: Jasmine, pearl orchid, geranium, inverted Admiralty, African violet (leaf cutting), Belgian rhododendron, triangular flower, carnation, umbrella grass, gemstone flower, jade leaf, jade tree, carnation, epiphyllum, arrow lotus, cold water flower, mirror grass, shrimp grass, golden bract, ground rooting, Rieger begonia, dragon spit bead, goose palm wood, rubber tree, Ruixiang, red back cinnamon, Guangdong evergreen, Guangdong evergreen, goose palm wood. Green Luo, Zhu Jiao, etc. In addition, you can also cut cloves, Lingxiao, Tamarix, grapes, sea immortal flowers, Shu Shu, eight immortal flowers, Platycladus mollissima, figs and other branches for sand storage, waiting for cutting in March.

3. Grafting. For excellent varieties of plum blossom, one-year-old seedlings of apricot, fruit plum, mountain peach and hairy peach can be used as rootstocks for grafting and propagation, then buried on the seedling bed and covered with plastic film to keep moisture and prevent cold. In Guangdong area, between Lesser Cold and Greater Cold, budding propagates four seasons tangerine, kumquat and so on; using excavated wild rose bud to graft superior varieties of rose, using rose variety Elizabeth as rootstock, cutting or splitting superior varieties of rose, grafting and cutting are carried out at the same time, covering plastic film to keep moisture and prevent cold.

4. Press the strip. The ornamental plant species that can be propagated by pressing in January are: purple magnolia, camellia, plum blossom, brocade belt flower, gardenia, stick stem begonia, Luohansong, snowball, Qionghua, Yingchun, Admiralty, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, spray snow, pomegranate, red maple and so on.

5. Ramet. The species of herbaceous ornamental plants that can be propagated in January are: Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass, onion orchid, leek orchid, hairpin, purple calyx, purple back evergreen, Jianlan, Chunlan, Cymbidium, kidney fern, shoot stem, iris, hanging orchid, evergreen, Guangdong evergreen, ground rooting, pineapple, small Taran, gorgeous ginger, tortoise back bamboo, aloe and so on. The species of woody ornamental plants that can be propagated in January are: Nantianzhu, Hypericum, Ten Gonglao, Begonia, Palm Bamboo, Snow spray, Safflower Spiraea, Golden Finch, Golden Bell, Yingchun, Jasmine, Pearl Orchid, Tiger thorn, Gardenia, three branches, Yellow Poplar, Magnolia and so on.

6. Gather seeds. In January, if there are mature asparagus and magnolia seeds in the greenhouse, they can be picked and sown, mature winter coral seeds, and can also be sown indoors at this time. The seeds of Phyllostachys pubescens, Firethorn, holly and rich seeds can be picked in January, and the seeds can be sown after the seeds are exposed to white.

In January, the seeds stored in sand should be checked frequently, including magnolia, Michelia, heather, holly, etc., to see if there is mildew in the seeds. If mildew occurs, the seeds must be poured out and re-scrubbed, and clean fine sand must be replaced for storage; if the seeds are found to be dry, spray water should be given in time. If it is found that the seed has been white or the radicle has stretched out, it must be sowed immediately and covered with plastic film or rice straw, pine needles and other heat preservation and moisturizing.

two。 Transplanting and planting

In January, grass flowers that can be transplanted and planted in less cold areas are: carnation, kale, calendula, daisies, etc.; in relatively cold areas, after sowing seedlings such as carnation, kale, goldfish grass, pansy and primroses, they can be placed in a simple plastic greenhouse and used as a display of street flower beds, green spaces and flower borders when the air is warmed up in spring.

In January, most deciduous shrubs and green trees can be transplanted and planted Such as hibiscus, pomegranate, bauhinia, begonia, ginkgo, maple, maple, wax plum, plum blossom, white magnolia, red leaf plum, cherry blossom, papaya, two Qiao magnolia, crape myrtle, wisteria, Lingxiao, Linden, Liriodendron, green peach, Chinese tallow, red Spiraea, three branches, rose, Robinia pseudoacacia, dragon claw locust and so on. Evergreen tree species, especially Cinnamomum camphora and Fa Qing, should be transplanted in advance to December or postponed to February this month except for special circumstances. Of course, in places of shelter, intensity shearing is carried out after transplanting, and cold protection and watering management are strengthened after transplanting.

In January, despite the cold weather, the collection of wild tree stumps in the south of the Yangtze River did not affect the collection of wild tree stumps in the process of afforestation and land preparation, mainly deciduous tree stumps, such as Ulmus pumila, Sparrow Plum, triangular Maple, Yingshanhong, crape myrtle, Acer sinensis, wisteria, Wintersweet, Wild Plum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Weisheng Spear, etc. For evergreen stumps, such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Maoer thorn, medlar, holly, oak, etc., strength shearing must be done and most of the leaves must be deleted. Both deciduous stumps and evergreen stumps should be cultivated by shallow burying and high cultivation, and covered with grass curtain to prevent freezing.

three。 Guard against cold

This month's cold prevention and heat preservation work is the top priority in the management work, a little negligence will bring serious losses to bonsai and bonsai overwintering. According to the lower limit of the lowest temperature that can be tolerated by different flower species, a special environment for them to survive the winter should be created, either in a greenhouse, in a greenhouse, at home, or buried in open soil. In a simple plastic greenhouse of no less than 0 ℃, ornamental plant species that can withstand a low temperature of about 0 ℃ can be placed, such as Penglai pine, Tianmeng, one-leaf orchid, star anise, sunflower, kidney fern, brown bamboo, southern bamboo, peach leaf coral, Michelia, Chunlan, magnolia, rich seeds, Daphne, cycad, calamus, Phoenix tail bamboo, phenanthrene bamboo, white bamboo and so on. In a double-layer plastic greenhouse of not less than 5 ℃, you can put ornamental plant species that can withstand a low temperature of about 5 ℃, such as southern fir, rubber tree, jasmine, pearl orchid, magnolia, pocket coconut, bottle orchid, calla lily, spring feather, tortoise back bamboo, kumquat, daidai, lemon, sunflower, camellia, tea plum, Jianlan, orchid, epiphyllum, Ling Arrow lotus, big Buddha belly bamboo, Belgian rhododendron, triangular plum, five-colored plum and so on. Flower species that can withstand low temperatures of about 10 ℃ can be placed in double-layer plastic greenhouses or greenhouses with auxiliary heating equipment. Such as variable leaf wood, flower leaf taro, taro, pineapple, pepper grass, colored leaf grass, rich bamboo, fish tail sunflower, Brazilian iron, wealth tree, reticulate grass, red (green) gemstone, hulk, green emperor, silver queen, Milan, Cymbidium, Phalaenopsis, Cartland, Oncidium, Magnolia, gold tree, South American iron tree, desert rose, pink, poinsettia, golden bract, coral flower, etc., during the very cold period. From 4: 00 p.m. to 9: 00 p.m., it is appropriate to cover the grass curtain on the roof of the greenhouse, and the grass curtain can not be stopped until the temperature turns warm. In very cold days, it is necessary to strengthen the inspection of heating facilities and personnel on duty, especially from 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock in the morning, do not cut off the fire and power, otherwise it is easy to cause freezing damage to the plants. For those more hardy species of potted flowers and bonsai, such as Chimonanthus praecox, plum blossom, begonia, Yingshanhong, pomegranate, elm, sparrow, oak, crape myrtle, wisteria, yellow poplar, Luohansong, triangular maple, cypress, round cypress, summer cypress, Platycladus orientalis, small bayberry, Chinese wolfberry, holly, opposite section white wax, etc., can be buried together with flowerpots, when not less than-10 ℃, generally will not occur frost injury In particularly cold weather, cover with plastic film or soft grass to keep warm.

It is worth noting that whether it is placed in a greenhouse, in a greenhouse, or at home for potted flowers or bonsai, including ornamental fruits and foliage plants, in addition to maintaining the appropriate temperature, we should also do a good job of ventilation and ventilation. Doors and windows can be opened around noon when the temperature is highest in the day to prevent falling flowers, leaves and fruits. When giving ventilation, we must also try our best to avoid cold air blowing directly on the plant.

In January, special attention should be paid to the inspection of greenhouses and greenhouses in the process of air-conditioning going south, and glass breakage and film tearing were found, and leakage plugging should be carried out in time to avoid freezing the potted flowers. In the greenhouse to provide coal, gas, oil heating, should also be carefully checked, there should be no air leakage, smoke leakage into the greenhouse or greenhouse, in order to prevent falling flowers, leaves and fruits caused by smoke damage.

In order to promote peony blossom during the Spring Festival, potted peony can be placed in a greenhouse, heated to 18 ℃ to 25 ℃ during the day, and kept at about 10 ℃ at night, adding 4 to 5 hours of light every day (incandescent light). It is expected to blossom before and after the Spring Festival. Potted plum blossoms, wax plums, camellias, camellias, camelli Potted hyacinths, tulips, daffodils and freesia, which have been placed in the greenhouse in December, will strengthen the management of water and fertilizer and are expected to be used for decoration and display during the Spring Festival. [page]

four。 Watering

In the watering management of potted flowers in January, the most important thing is to pay attention to the temperature of watering and spraying water, that is, to keep the water temperature roughly consistent with the soil temperature. if the gap between them is too large, it is easy to cause adverse reactions of potted plants. even make the plant deciduous, rotten root or death. Watering time is best arranged for 2 to 3 hours before and after noon. Secondly, according to different plant species, determine the number, times and methods of watering. For most of the potted flowers and bonsai placed in the greenhouse, greenhouse and bedroom, it is appropriate to keep the potted soil moist, and those with low temperature should reduce watering correspondingly. When the temperature rises, the amount of water can be increased and foliar spray can be given. For most foliage plants, we should not only keep the basin soil moist, but also pay attention to spraying water on the leaves, and always keep the leaves of the plants clean. For the species of foliage plants that are not very cold-resistant, such as Fendai leaves, taro, taro, variable leaf trees, etc., when the air temperature is close to the lowest temperature that the plant can bear, the amount of water should be specially controlled. For those species of potted flowers that will blossom before and after the Spring Festival, such as camellia, tea plum, Belgian rhododendron, poinsettia, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, wax plum, plum blossom, primrose, hyacinth, longevity flower, calendula, etc., and ornamental fruits such as firethorn, daidai, bergamot, lemon, rich seed, kumquat, golden bean, winter coral, not only to keep the potted soil moist, but also to spray water on the plant to facilitate the expansion of flower buds. It can also increase the bright color of the fruit.

Although potted flowers do not need much water in January, inspection should be strengthened to prevent water shortage of potted flowers placed in remote parts, and timely supplementary watering of dried plants in pot soil can reduce the death of overwintering plants.

For newly planted green trees and flowering shrubs, they should be checked frequently and watered in time, especially for those evergreen ornamental plants after transplanting, they should also be sprayed properly around noon to prevent the leaves from shrinking and falling off due to excessive air dryness.

five。 Fertilizer application

For most of the green trees and flowering shrubs planted on the ground Such as Begonia, Magnolia, maple, gardenia, seven-leaf tree, camphor, Linden, crape myrtle, Lingxiao, sweet-scented osmanthus, wax plum, plum, cherry, cherry-free, acacia, Luan, palm, Schima superba, runnan, purple tree, camptotheca, peony, golden bell, yellow poplar, grape, coral tree, rose, hydrangea, red leaf plum, Yu Li, elm leaf plum, horse Liriodendron wood, Shu Shu, Prunus mume, Muxiang, du Ying, Golden Salix, hanging Elm, Cryptomeria fortunei, Cryptomeria fortunei, Cedar, Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia pseudoacacia, White Silk Plum, Hibiscus, clove, crape myrtle, Photinia, Phyllostachys pubescens, Pomegranate, Loquat, etc. If the fertilization task is not completed in December, cake fertilizer, barnyard manure, pond mud and septic tank cleaning materials can be buried on the periphery of the tree root system while the soil is turned over, so as to lay a good material foundation for the growth and flowering of spring.

Potted flowers placed in a greenhouse of about 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, such as Belgian rhododendron, shrimp flower, golden bract, Ruixiang, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, primrose, cyclamen, red mouth daffodil, tapered begonia, hyacinth, tulip, colorful pineapple, orchid, orchid, crab claw orchid, etc., can continue to apply low concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, in order to facilitate plant growth and bud blooming.

For most of the potted plants, foliage plants and bonsai put in the greenhouse, as the plants are dormant in winter, fertilizer should be stopped, otherwise it is easy to cause rotting roots of the plants to die.

six。 Pruning

Continue pruning hedges, green walls and balls that have not been pruned in December, and continue pruning flowers and shrubs that have not been pruned in December, such as rose, crape myrtle, wood incense, Lingxiao, wisteria, abundant rose, camphor, Fatong, Chinese tallow, heather, pomegranate, red leaf plum, papaya, wax plum, plum blossom, palm, grape, etc. After pruning, base fertilizer is applied to the periphery of the root system to meet the needs of its spring growth.

According to the original composition requirements, bonsai plant species dominated by shearing and supplemented by pruning, such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular plum, Fujian tea, oak, white wax, bayberry, Elaeagnus angustifolia, pyracantha, June snow, juniper, etc., can continue to be adjusted and trimmed according to personal aesthetic taste to lay a good foundation for the growth and formation of spring. At the same time of pruning, plants that have not changed pots for many years can be changed.

seven。 Pest control

The trunk or big branches such as crabapple, plum blossom, elm leaf, papaya, loquat, blue peach, cherry blossom, red leaf plum, etc., can be sawed off by red-necked longicorn beetles, and the sawed stems and branches can be burned.

Cleaning up the leaves under the trees such as rose, rose, grape, crape myrtle and so on, and burning them centrally after collection can reduce the occurrence of leaf diseases in the coming year.

On the trunk and branches of Haitong, Fatong, privet, firethorn, persimmon, gardenia, plum blossom, red wax scale, cotton blowing scale, shield scale, sagittal scale, pink scale, line scale, etc., spraying and killing with high concentration of quick culling, quinathion, parathion, stone sulfur mixture can effectively inhibit the occurrence of scale insects in that year.

Powdery mildew on melon-leaf chrysanthemum in greenhouse and Botrytis cinerea on primrose leaves can be controlled with thiophanate-methyl to prevent it from spreading to other plants.

To carry out comprehensive control of scale insects and coal pollution on daidai, bergamot, kumquat and other plants in the greenhouse, first wipe off the coal spots on the leaves and the insects attached to the dry branches with a wet cloth, and then spray pesticides such as dimethoate.

Botrytis cinerea on cyclamen plants in the greenhouse can be sprayed 1000 to 1500 times with 50% prohydantoin (mainly composed of isocarbamide) wettable powder.

eight。 Compost fertilizer

Pour rapeseed cake, bean cake and tea seed cake into a pool or tank for soaking and fermentation, so as to provide pot flowers for pouring during the growing season; layer-by-layer accumulation of withered grass, branches, fallen leaves, etc., with garden soil, ignition and burning, self-made burning soil, which can be used as covering soil for sowing and breeding in spring; mixing barnyard manure, pond manure, smoke powder, chicken feces and pigeon dung with garden soil for composting and fermentation can be used as fertilizer for preparing culture soil.

nine。 Ploughing and freezing

The nursery land that has not been reclaimed in December can be ploughed in the first ten days of January. while ploughing the garden, cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer and soil fertilizer are applied, and after freezing over the winter, ditches are made to make beds in early spring for sowing and planting seedlings.

Because January is particularly cold, the plant species suitable for styling must be those with soft branches, good toughness, ginkgo, melon seeds, yellow poplar, velvet cypress, cypress in June, snow in June, cypress, cypress, five-needle pine, yellow pine, black pine, bayberry, canary, wax petal, weeping spear, banyan, wisteria and so on. After modeling, it is best to put it indoors or in a simple plastic greenhouse, and then move to the outside after the air is warm in spring, which is conducive to the healing of damaged parts.

For the plants shaped with brown rope or wire 1 or 2 years ago, if obvious constriction is found in the binding site, the original ligature should be removed and flat traction should be carried out again.

In January, the management of some shallow pot tree stump bonsai, shallow basin landscape bonsai and small, miniature bonsai should be strictly strengthened. Small and miniature bonsai should be buried on the indoor sand bed; tree stump bonsai should prevent the basin soil from freezing, injure the hairy roots of the plant, cause the disintegration of man-made cemented rocks, and prevent the plants planted on the pebbles from withering after being frozen, it is appropriate to put them in an ice-free place and water and spray them regularly to ensure that they can survive the winter safely.