Planting techniques of Pinus elliottii

White bark pine is an evergreen tree of pine family, with a height of up to 30 meters and a breast diameter of 2 meters. Positive tree species, young trees are resistant to semi-shade, cold tolerance is not as good as Pinus tabulaeformis, but drought tolerance, moisture tolerance and adaptability to soil are stronger than Pinus tabulaeformis. It can adapt to the dry and cold climate of-30 ℃ and the soil with pH from 7.5 to 8. It can grow in limestone areas, but can not grow in areas with poor drainage or stagnant water, and has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide and smoke pollution. Deep-rooted nature, long life. The branches of young trees are naturally distributed, dense and uniform, so they can form a beautiful crown without pruning and shaping. It grows slowly, the annual seedling height is only 3 cm to 5 cm, 10 years later it is about 1 meter high.

Growth habits of Pinus elliottii

Born at 500-1800 meters above sea level. It is a light-loving tree species, resistant to barren soil and dry and cold climate, and grows well on calcareous soil and loess with warm and cool climate, deep soil layer and rich loess.

White bark pine is endemic to China, which is produced in Shanxi (Luliang Mountain, Zhongtiao Mountain, Taihang Mountain), western Henan, Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, southern Gansu and Maiji Mountain in Tianshui, Jiangyou Guanwu Mountain in northern Sichuan and western Hubei. It is cultivated in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hengyang and other places.

Propagation techniques of Pinus elliottii

1. Sowing and propagation: Pinus bungeana is generally used for sowing and propagation, and the seedling site should choose sandy loam with good drainage, flat terrain and deep soil layer. Sowing immediately after thawing in early spring can reduce pine seedling blight. For fear of waterlogging, we should sow seeds in a high bed and pour enough bottom water before sowing. With about 1 kilogram of seeds for every 10 square meters, 1000 to 2000 seedlings can be produced. After sowing, cover soil 1 to 1.5 cm, covered with plastic film, can improve the germination rate. After the seedlings come out, gradually increase the ventilation time, so that all the film is removed. After sowing, the seedlings are unearthed with shells and fall off on their own in about 20 days. During this period of time, bird damage should be prevented. In the seedling stage, a shed should be built to cover the shade to prevent sunburn, and the soil should be buried to prevent the cold before entering winter. The main root of the seedling is long and the lateral root is rare, so the lateral root should be hurt less when transplanting, otherwise it is easy to die.

2. Grafting propagation: if twig grafting is used, Pinus bungeana twigs should be grafted on Pinus tabulaeformis old rootstock. When the twigs of Pinus elliottii are grafted on 3-4-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis rootstocks, the general survival rate can reach 85% to 95%, and has strong affinity and fast growth. The scion should choose the new shoot with strong growth, and its thickness should be 0.5 cm. In order to promote the growth of fibrous roots, biennial seedlings should protect their roots and avoid root blow-drying damage. They should be planted as soon as they are dug, and then be stacked every few years to promote the growth of fibrous roots. In general, large seedlings of more than 10 years old are used for greening. Transplanting is best when dormant in early winter and thawing in early spring. Large seedlings must be transplanted with soil balls. When planting large seedlings with a breast diameter of less than 12 cm, you need to dig a soil ball with a height of 120 cm and a diameter of 150 cm, and fasten the soil with grass ropes. The soil ball should be prevented from breaking in the process of transportation, and should be fixed by standing piles after planting.

Field Management techniques of Pinus elliottii

1. Land selection and preparation: Pinus elliottii seedlings are afraid of waterlogging in a good nursery, and flat plots with drainage and irrigation conditions should be selected for raising seedlings. Heavy clayey land, saline-alkali land and low-lying waterlogged land are not suitable for raising seedlings. Fine soil preparation, seedling land should be deeply turned and leveled and raked fine, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, such as rotten ring compost and compost. Calcium superphosphate can also be mixed with cake fertilizer or soil fertilizer, the effect is better. Before soil preparation, 10 kg ferrous sulfate powder per mu was sprinkled and turned into the soil for sterilization and disinfection. After the land is consolidated, it is made into a north-south border, with a ridge of 25 cm high and a width of 1 m, in preparation for sowing.

2. Seed germination: Pinus bungeana seeds should be soaked in Bordeaux solution for disinfection, soaked in warm water (50 ℃ to 60 ℃) or stratified with mixed sand before sowing. The seeds can be sowed when the number of grinning seeds reaches 50% of the total number of seeds. In this way, the seedlings are strong and neat, and they can be unearthed and germinated in 15 to 20 days.

3. Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing is generally the best 10 to 15 days after soil thawing (from late March to early April). Before sowing, the border surface is watered thoroughly, sowing 1 to 1.5kg every 10 square meters, and about 1500 seedlings can be produced, sowing or sowing with wide strips. Cover fine sand 1 to 1.5 cm after sowing, use 125 grams of promethazine per mu plus 250 grams of wettable herbicide ether to 25 kilograms of water, and sprinkle weeds on the seedbed with a sprayer. Finally, a small arch shed was set up on the border surface to increase temperature and moisture, improve the seedling emergence rate, and do not need watering before emergence. Because the mouse likes to eat pine nuts, it is necessary to sprinkle some rat poison on the border before building the arch shed to cover the film.

4. Seedling stage management: after the seedlings came out, the ventilation time of the seedling bed was gradually increased, and the resistance was enhanced by refining seedlings. White bark pine likes light, but the seedlings are more tolerant to shade. After removing the film, the shade net should be covered immediately to prevent the harm of high temperature sunburn and blight.

Fertilizer and Water Management Technology of Pinus elliottii

If there is no rain for a long time or high temperature in summer, you should water it in time. Weeding should master the principles of early weeding, small weeding and cleaning, and weeding between plants should be pulled out by hand to prevent damage to seedlings. Cover the soil properly after sowing seedlings and pulling grass to prevent cracks. The combination of sowing weeding and loosening soil was carried out, and the seedlings and replenishing seedlings were carried out at the same time. Then drainage should be done in time.

The seedlings of Pinus elliottii should be based on basal fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. During the peak growth period from the middle of May to the end of July, 2 to 3 times of topdressing was carried out, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, 3 piculs per mu of rotten human manure or pig manure per mu, about 20 piculs of water, 5 to 15 kilograms of rotten cake fertilizer per mu, and about 4 kilograms of urea per mu. Stop applying nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage of growth, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote Lignification of seedlings, and spray leaves with 0.3% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

The seedlings of Pinus elliottii grow slowly and should be planted densely. If we need to continue to cultivate large seedlings, we have to transplant 2 or 3 times before planting. The two-year-old seedlings can be transplanted with soil before the terminal buds germinated in early spring, with a row spacing of 20 to 60 cm without harming the terminal buds, watering twice after planting and watering again after 6 to 7 days. The seedlings of 4 to 5 years old can be transplanted for the second time with soil balls, and the row spacing is 60 to 120 cm. After survival, it is necessary to keep the soil around the roots loose, apply 100 to 120 kg of rotten organic fertilizer per plant, pour water through the soil after burying the soil, and then strengthen management, promote growth and cultivate strong seedlings.

Control techniques of Diseases and insect pests of Pinus elliottii

In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, attention should be paid to the damage of seed fly larvae to seedlings after sowing, and the basic fertilizer applied must be fully rotten and mashed. Pine aphids damage the shoots and needles of seedlings and easily lead to black mildew, resulting in tree weakness and even death. Prevention and control method: 50% phoxim emulsion can be sprayed at the initial stage of damage, adding 2000 kg of water per kilogram.