Culture methods and matters needing attention of Anthurium andraeanum

Video: Cultivation methods and precautions of Anthurium andraeanum

Anthurium is a perennial evergreen herbaceous flower. It likes warm and humid environment with good drainage. It is afraid of drought and strong light exposure. The suitable temperature for growth is 26~32℃ during the day and 21~32℃ at night. The highest temperature that can be tolerated is 35℃, and the low temperature that can be tolerated is 14℃. It is native to South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. It is widely cultivated. The following small series will introduce the breeding methods and precautions of Anthurium andraeanum.

Culture conditions of Anthurium andraeanum

Anthurium likes warm and humid environment with good drainage, afraid of drought and strong light exposure. The suitable temperature for its growth is 26~32℃ in the day and 21~32℃ at night. The highest temperature that can be tolerated is 35℃, and the low temperature that can be tolerated is 14℃. The optimum light intensity is 16000~20000 lx, and the optimum relative humidity (RH) is 70%~80%.

Anthurium is native to tropical rain forest areas such as Costa Rica and Colombia. Often attached to trees, sometimes attached to rocks or directly grow on the ground, like warm, humid, semi-shady environment, avoid direct sunlight. Originated in wet, semi-shady valleys of tropical rain forests in South America, it is widely cultivated in Europe, Asia and Africa through introduction improvement and greenhouse cultivation with light, temperature and water regulation system.

The reproduction method of Anthurium andraeanum

Anthurium propagation has cutting propagation, seeding propagation, tissue culture and other ways, mainly through sexual hybridization to obtain seeds to cultivate excellent plants. However, because Anthurium andraeanum is a cross-pollinated plant, highly hybrid seed progeny will have extensive character segregation and great variation. Therefore, vegetative propagation methods such as ramets, cuttings and tissue culture are often used in production to obtain plants with the same characteristics as mother plants.

1. Plant division and reproduction

Anthurium has a strong tillering ability, can be combined with thinning, transplanting and cutting flowers to remove buds and other work, the small and medium lateral buds on the mother plant will be separated from the mother, and then the lateral buds will be cultured into new plants, specific methods must be carried out according to the following aspects:

(1) The plant division period is mainly in cool and humid spring, and it can also be divided in cool autumn weather. Do not divide plants in hot summer or dry cold season.

② When dividing plants, attention should be paid to the principle of not damaging the mother plant. Too large lateral buds should not be divided, too close lateral buds should not be divided, and too weak lateral buds should not be divided. The main ones are easy to separate from the mother plant and are relatively strong. There are at least two main root systems.

3. When transplanting seedlings, the lateral buds can be separated from the mother plants at the bud eye of the underground stem with uniform force by hand. When it is difficult to separate, cut them at the bud eye with a sharp sterile blade. Cut flowers in addition to bud ramets must first open the soil layer, pay attention to the distribution of roots and underground stem bud eyes, carefully cut bud eyes, and then take out lateral buds.

④ Cut the lateral buds to be slightly dry wound after its temporary planting in the shade to promote roots and restore growth. When planting, the roots must be spread out, the plants erect, and if necessary, support them. After planting, they cannot be watered immediately. Spray water on the leaves to maintain humidity. After 2 days, they can be watered or applied thin fertilizer according to the situation.

The disadvantages of ramet and cuttage propagation are slow growth, difficult disinfection of materials, and easy to carry diseases and insect pests (such as root-knot nematodes, bacteria and viruses). The requirements of ramets and tissue culture seedlings in cultivation techniques are the same, except that the former is taller and stronger than the latter.

2. Seed breeding

In Anthurium andraeanum breeding, sowing is the main way to obtain new varieties of Anthurium andraeanum. Anthurium fruits are berries, which must be sown as they are picked. The pericarp is removed before sowing, and the pulp is washed away to prevent the pericarp and pulp from rotting and moldy, which affects the germination rate of seeds. Sowing method can be used pure sand germination method, the seeds in clean river sand, sowing depth of 0.5~0.8 cm, maintain a certain humidity, generally about 15 days can germinate, new leaves will soon grow out. When it grows to 5~6 leaves, it can be transplanted into the substrate mixed with pure pearlite and peat soil or coconut bran according to 1:2 for temporary cultivation.

3. Tissue culture

Tissue culture is a method of propagation in which cuts of plant material are cultured in a medium and new plants are obtained. The whole process is completed under sterile conditions in the laboratory. Breeding materials must be strictly disinfected and virus-free culture before they can provide protection for obtaining nontoxic clones.

Callus and leaves are the main breeding materials of Anthurium andraeanum. The reason of using callus as breeding material is that the clone seedlings obtained are not easy to mutate, but it is very difficult to obtain non-toxic callus. The leaves are easy to disinfect and easy to operate, but the disadvantages are that the leaves are not smooth, and the plants formed by culture are easy to mutate, but this mutation can be controlled artificially.

Tissue culture seedlings in the bottle seedling stage are provided in a variety of artificial optimal growth conditions to complete the growth process. The experimental conditions are different from the natural conditions, so it is necessary to let the bottle seedlings undergo a transitional process of healthy seedling training, so that the bottle seedlings can adapt to the natural environmental conditions.

[Note] The cultivation method of Anthurium andraeanum is divided into hydroponic cultivation method and potted cultivation method according to different cultivation conditions. Next, Xiaobian will introduce the hydroponic cultivation method and potted cultivation method of Anthurium andraeanum to you!