How to grow hyacinth? Planting methods and cultivation techniques of hyacinth

Planting methods and cultivation techniques of hyacinth

Planting and spreading

The Netherlands is the main producer of hyacinth, and the planting of hyacinth was very popular in the 18th century, with more than 2000 recorded varieties at that time. Hyacinth was used for garden cultivation in England in 1596.

It has been widely cultivated and bred in Europe since the 18th century. So far, the Netherlands, France, Britain and Germany have promoted the production of hyacinth to industrialization. Among them, the Netherlands has the largest production volume and sells well all over the world.

In 1995, the output value of hyacinth potted flowers was 12.2 million US dollars, ranking 19th in Dutch potted flower production. The Dutch company Phytonova is the main base for hyacinth breeding, production and trade. Up to now, hyacinth has been widely cultivated all over the world, and the demand is increasing year by year. The cultivation of hyacinth in China began at the end of the 19th century, mainly in coastal cities, but it is not common.

Since the 1950s, there has been a small amount of cultivation in botanical gardens and parks around the world, which are used for ornamental flower beds. It was not until the 1980s that hyacinth developed greatly all over the country and was widely used in spring flower shows and potted plant sales. So far, the cultivation of hyacinth has begun to enter the indoor decoration and display of families and public places, and the demand is increasing year by year. However, China has not yet been able to breed on its own and needs to be introduced from abroad.

Potted hyacinths prefer warm and humid winters, cool, slightly dry summers, sunny or semi-overcast environments. Like fertilizer, suitable for fertile, well-drained sandy loam, avoid too wet or sticky soil. During the growth of hyacinth, the root growth of bulb was the best when the temperature was 2-6 ℃. The optimum temperature for bud germination was 5: 10 ℃, the optimum temperature for leaf growth was 5: 12 ℃, and the most favorable temperature for budding and flowering was 15: 18 ℃. The storage temperature of bulb is 20-28 ℃, and the optimum storage temperature is 25 ℃, which is the most ideal for flower bud differentiation. Can withstand short-term frost.

Cultivation techniques

Pot, choose loose soil with good drainage, apply sufficient basic fertilizer, plant the seed head into the basin in October, plant 1 ball in each small pot, then cover the soil with a depth of 5-8 cm, and keep the soil moist after planting. At the same time, pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It will blossom after about 120 days, and fertilize once before and after flowering. After the plant withered in June, the bulbs were dug up, dried and stored in the room where the temperature did not exceed 28 ℃.

Hyacinth should choose well drained, not too dry sandy loam, neutral to slightly alkaline, before planting to apply sufficient base fertilizer, field cultivation, avoid continuous cropping. Cultivation methods include open field cultivation, pot cultivation, facilitative cultivation and water culture.

Terrestrial cultivation

It is suitable to be carried out from October to November, and the selection of soil with good drainage is the most important condition. Before planting, apply enough base fertilizer, add a thin layer of sand, and then line up the bulbs, 15 cm ~ 18 cm apart and 5 cm ~ 8 cm covered with soil. And cover with grass to keep the soil loose and moist. Generally, there is no other management before flowering. If seeds are not to be collected after flowering, the flower stem should be cut off to promote bulb development. The cutting position should be in the uppermost part of the flower stem as far as possible. The bulb roots can be dug up in early June, spread out and stored in cold storage, and the summer temperature should not exceed 28 ℃.

Potted plant

With loam, rotten leaf soil, fine sand and other mixed nutrition soil, generally 10 cm diameter potted one ball, 15 cm caliber potted 2cm 3 balls, and then buried in the pot, the overlying soil 10 cm ~ 15 cm, after 7-8 weeks, buds grow to more than 10 cm, go to cover the soil to make the sun shine, generally planted in October-November, flowering in March.

Aquaculture

Hyacinth aquaculture requires that the water level should have a space of 1-2CM from the chassis of the bulb, so that the roots can be breathable and sucked. It is strictly forbidden to fill the bottom of the bulb with water. Put the seed head in a wide-mouthed glass bottle in December and add a little charcoal to help with disinfection and antisepsis. The head of the hyacinth is only dipped to the bottom of the ball. Then put it in a dark place and cover the bottle with a black cloth. If you use fresh water to change the water every 7 days, if you use hydroponic nutrient solution, you will change the nutrient solution every 15 days according to the degree of turbidity, no matter how to keep the water quality in the bottle clean. Hyacinth can be kept in a special gourd-like glass bottle, and its flower clusters can be seen in the upper paragraph.

Hyacinth should not be exposed to direct sunlight before germination, but should be placed in a bright, well-ventilated and sunny position after germination, so as to facilitate its growth. At first, it shines for an hour or two a day, and then gradually increases to seven or eight hours. if the weather does not change much, it may blossom during the Spring Festival, and a bunch of stout white roots can be seen in the second paragraph. This kind of flower and root luxuriant scene, with the exception of Cymbidium, other flowers and plants are difficult to see.

Key points of hyacinth aquaculture:

1. There must be a gap of 2-3mm between the seed ball and the water surface.

2. It is best to keep the temperature at 9-10 degrees during shading, so that the roots will grow quickly.

3. It is best to keep the temperature above 17 degrees when flowering.

Hyacinth can be cultivated by water like Chinese daffodils. Select a large and full seed ball, put it in a shallow basin and fix it with pebbles, and inject clear water, the amount of water is limited to not touching the bottom of the bulb. Put it in a dark and cold place, room temperature 5: 10 ℃. Darkness helps to root, and roots can grow in about a month. After the root system is fully grown, move to the bright place where there is no direct light, the temperature is controlled at 10: 13 ℃, and the water is changed once every 2-3 days to keep the water clean. After the leaves grow, gradually increase the light, after budding can accept direct light, but we should pay attention to often change the direction of light, so that leaves and stems grow strong and straight, to prevent askew to one side. The temperature gradually rises to about 20 ℃ and the water is changed every 3-4 days until the flowers fade. Then cut off the flower stem, take out the bulb and plant it in a basin to enrich the bulb. When the leaves are withered, dig out the bulbs and collect them, and they can be rejuvenated in the basin in autumn and should not be raised in water.

Facilitative cultivation

After late July, the bulbs were treated with low temperature of 8 ℃ for 75 days, then potted in early October and cultivated in greenhouse to make them blossom at the end of the year. As the sensitivity of cultivated varieties varies greatly, the varieties suitable for promoting cultivation should be selected when promoting cultivation.

Seed selection

The nutrients needed for hyacinth flowering are mainly supplied by the nutrients stored in the bulbs and leaves. As long as we choose the bulbs that have no damage to the epidermis, fleshy scales are not too wrinkled, hard and heavy, and full, we can produce rich and beautiful flowers.

Soil requirement

It requires fertile soil, high content of organic matter, good aggregate structure and pH value 6-7. The culture soil can be prepared according to the ratio of rotten leaf soil 5 ∶ garden soil 3 ∶ coarse sand 1.5 ∶ bone powder 0.5. Before planting, chemical agents such as formalin can be used to cover the soil surface immediately after applying formalin at a soil temperature of 10-15 ℃. After 3 days of warm weather, remove the film and plant it after 1 day to keep the soil moist.

Light

Hyacinth only needs more than 5000Lx to maintain normal physiological activity. If the light is too weak, the plant will be thin, the stem is too long, the bud is small, the flowers are early, and the leaves are yellow. incandescent lamp can be used to fill the light at about 1 meter, but too strong light can also cause leaves and petals to burn or shorten the flowering period.

Temperature and humidity regulation

When the temperature is too high, even higher than 35 ℃, the flower bud differentiation will be inhibited, the abnormal growth will occur, and the blind flower rate will increase; if the temperature is too low, the flower bud will be frozen.

The soil moisture should be kept between 60% and 70%, which is too high. If the root absorption is inhibited and perishable, if it is too low, the aboveground part will wilt or even die; the air humidity should be kept at about 80%, and the humidity can be increased by spraying and spraying water on the ground. Ventilation and other methods can also be used to reduce humidity.

This paper introduces the planting method of hyacinth and the matters needing attention in cultivating hyacinth.

Hyacinth, with beautiful legends, symbolizes a good love story. There are many kinds of classification, of course, there will be many colors, different colors have different colors. It also has many uses. It can be used as a bouquet for the bride when getting married. What are the planting methods of hyacinth and what aspects should be paid attention to?

Soil

Hyacinth should choose sandy loam with good drainage and not too dry, which requires fertile soil, high content of organic matter, good aggregate structure, neutral to slightly alkaline, pH 6-7. The culture soil can be prepared according to the ratio of rotten leaf soil 5 ∶ garden soil 3 ∶ coarse sand 1.5 ∶ bone powder 0.5. Before planting, chemical agents such as formalin can be used to cover the soil surface immediately after applying formalin at a soil temperature of 10-15 ℃. After 3 days of warm weather, remove the film and plant it after 1 day to keep the soil moist. Before planting, we should apply enough base fertilizer, cultivate in the field, and avoid continuous cropping.

Light

Hyacinth only needs more than 5000Lx to maintain normal physiological activity. If the light is too weak, the plant will be thin, the stem is too long, the bud is small, the flowers are early, and the leaves are yellow. incandescent lamp can be used to fill the light at about 1 meter, but too strong light can also cause leaves and petals to burn or shorten the flowering period.

Humidity

Soil moisture should be kept between 60-70%, too high, root respiration is inhibited and perishable, and if it is too low, the aboveground part wilts or even dies; the air humidity should be kept at about 80%, and can be increased by spraying and watering the ground. Ventilation and other methods can also be used to reduce humidity.

Temperature

When the temperature is too high, even higher than 35 ℃, the flower bud differentiation will be inhibited, the abnormal growth will occur, and the blind flower rate will increase; if the temperature is too low, the flower bud will be frozen. Its bulb needs to be maintained at low temperature for a period of time, otherwise it will not produce high-quality flowers and stems of sufficient length. The growth process of hyacinth includes a leaf formation stage, a flower formation stage and an elongation stage. Promote the flowering of the bulb by early flower formation and providing the most effective period of low temperature. This is why hyacinths grown in the Mediterranean tend to blossom early. Leaf formation can be accelerated by keeping a higher temperature in the bulb planting stage, so the flower formation stage is also earlier.

The above is what I have sorted out for you about hyacinth planting. I hope it will be helpful to you. Please continue to follow the succulent flower bed for more information.

The origin and cultivation history of hyacinth

The origin and cultivation history of hyacinth

Hyacinth originated in the northeast of the Mediterranean, has a long history of cultivation, can be traced back to the 15th century. Hyacinth has been a favorite flower breeding object for European horticultural plant breeders for more than 300 years. The breeding goal is to cultivate novel flower colors, double flowers and large and beautiful flowers. The number of cultivated hyacinth reached its peak at the end of the 19th century, and the variety of hyacinth declined with the loss of many cultivated species in the following 100 years. The remaining hyacinth resources have been preserved due to the efforts of hyacinth enthusiasts such as Alan Shipp, who set up a hyacinth germplasm collection center in Lithuania.

Hyacinth was first planted in the garden as a plant from Turkey. After conquering Istanbul in 1453, Muhammad II, the Muslim king of Turkey, fell in love with planting hyacinth. From 1520 to 1566, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire also liked to grow hyacinths, tulips and many other bulbs. Influenced by the love of cultivation by emperors and aristocrats, hyacinth soon spread from Turkey to Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria, France and other European countries. In 1613, a book "Hortus Eystettensis" published in Germany published a picture of double hyacinth for the first time. In 1622, a book "Theatrum Florae" published in Paris, France, contained pictures of blue single flower, white single flower and double flower. In 1629, there were six different pictures of hyacinth in the book "Paradisus Terrestris" published in England, two of which were double flowers. Later, the hyacinth variety of yellow flowers spread from Russia to England.

By the end of the 17th century, when tulip cultivation began to decline in the Netherlands, Dutch breeders began to turn their attention to other flowers. The surrounding area with Haarlem in the Netherlands as the center has become an important area for hyacinth planting and new variety breeding. The local sandy loam is rich in organic matter and the groundwater level is only 0.6-1m high from the surface, which is very suitable for hyacinth growth. The variety improvement of hyacinth has made great progress in the Netherlands. Pictures in the early 18th century show that the maximum number of flowers per stem of hyacinth is only 10-15, and by the end of the 18th century, the number of flowers per stem has risen to as many as 60. Although the trade volume of hyacinth has never exceeded the number of tulips, every new variety of hyacinth artificially bred can be sold at a high price. For example, the double flower variety 'King of Great Britian'' discovered by Peter Voerhelm in the 18th century is a very profitable variety, with each bulb selling for £100.

In the 18th century, in a Dutch plantation, a hyacinth of a red flower was formed into a variety of light blue flowers by budding, which was very precious and rare at that time. It is said that the discoverer was afraid of losing the species and hung it from the ceiling in a birdcage. It was not taken out and planted until the planting season. The mutant was preserved and named'La Unique''. It became the parent of many light blue hyacinth varieties. Hyacinth produced a variety of flowers of different colors through mutation, and the increasing number of cultivated varieties also promoted the development of hyacinth industry in the 19th century.

In his book Flower Garden in 1838, Charles M Intosh talked about more than 2000 hyacinth cultivated by Dutch florists. The book lists more than 200 varieties, including yellow, purple, white, red and blue, among which some double flower cultivars have a dark flower heart, but today's commercial hyacinth is only single flower varieties.

There is a dark love affair.

During this period, it was popular to grow hyacinths with special glass containers filled with water, while Victorian glass containers have now become the object of collection for antique collectors. To this day, people still use glass bottles to grow hyacinths to show children the process of rooting and sprouting.

In the 20th century, after the prevalence of hyacinth passed, the planting area of hyacinth decreased sharply. The first World War not only had a serious impact on the world horticultural flower industry, but also led to the loss of many hyacinth cultivated species. The following World War II made the flower horticulture industry continue to decline, and in the 1970s, the worldwide planting area of hyacinth fell to the lowest ebb. At that time, there were only more than 50 hyacinth cultivated species that could be used by flower suppliers for cultivation and production, most of which were well cultivated in the 17th century. From 1950s to 1970s, only about 10 new hyacinth species were cultivated in the world.

For decades, people seem to have lost interest in cultivating new varieties of hyacinths or recovering lost ones. Fortunately, a farmer named Alan Shipp is trying to change the situation. He is collecting and breeding all the hyacinth cultivars, studying unnamed varieties, and trying to expand the use of hyacinths. He is the only flower supplier who can supply a wide variety of Victorian hyacinth cultivars. Allen's work has received enthusiastic help from many hyacinth lovers, which has greatly increased his collection of hyacinth varieties.

In March 1997, an unexpected letter brought some important information to Allen. The letter came from Miss Rita Riziulyte, director of the Vilnius Flower Research Station in Lithuania, who told Allen that his research station had collected and preserved about 60 hyacinth cultivation species. Allen later learned that 38 of them were varieties he had not collected, some of which had even disappeared in Western Europe for more than 50 years. Some of these 60 varieties are recorded by the hyacinth International Variety Registration Agency, and other unregistered varieties can also be found in the 18th-19th century variety catalogue, among which Allen is most shocked by a variety called 'Sunflower'' and a mysterious yellow double flower. In addition, there are 19 named but unrecorded varieties, and people are trying to find their original records from Western literature, and their breed characteristics will eventually be evaluated after field trials.

Hyacinths are easy to grow and only need to provide plenty of light. In the spring garden, the decorative effect produced by the color and fragrance of hyacinth is unmatched by many flowers, and the exciting new variety of hyacinth from Lithuania will herald an increase in people's interest in hyacinth. And inspire people to pursue this treasure of horticultural flowers.