The culture method of cyclamen

Cyclamen alias radish begonia, rabbit ear flower, rabbit flower, a crown, bonspark, petal lotus, is Primulaceae, cyclamen perennial herbs, is a widely planted flowers, suitable for planting in indoor flowerpots, winter needs to be planted in a greenhouse, the following editor will introduce the breeding methods of cyclamen!

Growth habits of cyclamen

Cyclamen is warm and afraid of heat and grows best in a cool environment and in a fertile sandy loam rich in humus. More cold-resistant, can withstand 0 ℃ of low temperature will not be frozen.

The growth season is from autumn to spring in the second year, and it is semi-dormant in summer, and the suitable growth temperature in winter is between 12 ℃ and 16 ℃. When promoting flowering, it should not exceed 18 ℃ 22 Mel, plants above 0 ℃ will enter dormancy, plants above 35 ℃ will rot and die, and can tolerate low temperature in winter, but the growth is slow, the flower color is dim and the flowering is few when it is less than 5 ℃.

Carbon dioxide supplementation in winter can promote growth and flowering. During the growing period, an environment with moist air and plenty of sunshine is required.

The breeding method of cyclamen

The main reproduction methods of cyclamen are sowing propagation, tuber division propagation and tissue culture propagation. Let's take a look at cyclamen reproduction methods.

1. Sowing and reproduction

Sowing and reproduction is one of the common methods of cyclamen reproduction. Cyclamen seeds can only be obtained after artificial pollination. The seeds generally mature in May and should be harvested in time. Cyclamen seeds are larger, with a 1000-seed weight of about 10g, and a general germination rate of 85% Murray 95%. In order to promote seed germination, seeds can be soaked before sowing. Soak the seeds in cold water for 24 hours or 30 ℃ in warm water for 3 hours, then wash the adhesion on the seed surface, wrap it in a wet cloth to accelerate germination, keep the temperature 25 ℃ for 2 days, and sow the seeds after a little germination. The sowing time is generally from September to October, and you can sow seeds in ordinary flowerpots.

The sown soil had better be a sandy loam rich in humus and sifted before use. When sowing, first put the soil in the basin and sprinkle it thoroughly with a spray pot. After the water has completely seeped, sow the seeds in the basin at a distance of 1--1.5cm. After sowing, cover the soil with 0.5cm, cover with glass or plastic film to moisturize, and place it in the half-shade of 20 Mustok and 22 ℃. When the basin soil is slightly dry, the basin soil is soaked with water, so that the basin soil is often moist, and seedlings can emerge in about 20 days under normal circumstances. When the leaves of the seedlings are fully expanded, the seedlings can be transferred for the first time. Ordinary flowerpot and sowing soil can still be used when transplanting seedlings, and the distance between seedlings should be about 3cm. Spray pot should be used to water thoroughly immediately after transplanting. Always keep the seedling basin moist in the future.

When the seedlings grow into 3 leaves and the bulbs grow to the diameter of 5--6mm, they should be planted in pots in time. It can be transplanted directly with a small pot plant of 9cm caliber.

After sieving, the basin soil was mixed and prepared according to 20% rotten leaf soil, 20% garden soil, 50% fine yellow sand and 10% rotten dung. When transplanting, take a small soil ball as far as possible, and make it flat with the soil surface, sprinkle water after transplanting and put it in the indoor sunshine. After the seedlings resume their growth, they should be watered and fertilized in time. It usually blossoms in the winter of the second year.

2. Propagation of segmented tubers

Cyclamen tubers can not divide bulbs naturally, so they can not propagate bulbs like ordinary bulbs, but need to be artificially cut into pieces to propagate. Generally speaking, when the tuber is about to germinate in late August, the tuber is divided longitudinally from the top into several pieces, each with a bud eye, and the incision is coated with plant ash and dried slightly, then it can be planted in the flowerpot, carefully managed, and the leaves can spread out and blossom soon.

3. Tissue culture and propagation.

Cyclamen tissue culture can use stamens, tubers, leaves and young stems as explants, which are generally collected from one-year-old and two-year-old young plants, in which tubers are the most likely to induce seedlings. Using tuber as explant, we can choose MS medium, MS+3mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L NAA as induction medium, 1/2MS+0.3mg/L NAA as rooting medium and MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.4mg/L NAA as subculture medium.

The culture method of cyclamen

Cyclamen dormant bulbs generally begin to sprout from the end of August to the middle of September, so the basin soil should be changed in time. The proportion of cultivated soil was 30% rotten leaf soil, 40% fine yellow sand, 20% garden soil and 10% rotten dry manure. When changing the basin, the bulb only takes part of the persistent soil, and the planting should not be too deep. Generally, it is advisable to expose the soil surface at the top of the bulb. After the first planting, the potted soil should not be too wet. If there is a little moisture, you can gradually increase watering and give sufficient sunshine according to the germination of the plant. After the leaves grow out, the basin soil should always be kept moist. At the same time, the mature fresh liquid fertilizer was applied once a week until the fertilizer was stopped before flowering. When fertilizing and watering, avoid flooding the bulb, otherwise the terminal bud is easy to rot. After each fertilization, rinse with clean water for once.

Cyclamen adult bulbs generally bloom in early December and reach full bloom in February and March of the second year. In order to prolong the flowering period, it can be placed in a place with lower temperature after flowering. Since then, with the increase of external temperature, flowering will gradually decrease in May, but the varieties that bloom later can still bloom in June. Because the northern region is cooler in summer, as long as ventilation, shading and other conditions are given, some varieties can also blossom in summer. However, most of them began to defoliate after June, and watering should be gradually reduced to keep the basin soil slightly dry.

Dormancy begins in July. During dormancy, the room must be well ventilated, keep a cool environment, the temperature should not exceed 30 ℃ at most, and water less, especially to avoid rain.

The flowering of cyclamen bulb will be delayed year by year, but the number of flowers is more, and the maximum number of flowers at a time is more than 50. After 4 years of flowering, the old corm will gradually aging, the number of flowering will be greatly reduced, lose the cultivation value, the corm is also easy to rot, should be renewed in time.

Management and maintenance of cyclamen

During cultivation, the soil should be loose, and two parts of rotten leaf soil, one part of garden soil and a small amount of calcium superphosphate can be used. You can also use sun-dried or broken river mud, or a mixture of 2 parts of peat and 1 part of perlite. The cultivated soil needs to be fumigated. When changing pots, depending on the size of the plant, gradually increase the flowerpot, should not directly use large pots to cultivate small seedlings. It should be planted shallowly when planting. When the big seedlings are potting and changing pots, they should make the ball live on the soil surface so as to prevent the ball from getting wet and rotten in the soil. Avoid applying thick fertilizer, thick fertilizer can easily hurt the root, topdressing can be about 3 times a month, loosen the soil before fertilization, choose clear days to apply fertilizer, fertilizer should not be applied from the top of the plant, should be applied side by side, spray water after fertilization, the maintenance and management of cyclamen can be divided into five stages:

1. Seedling stage: the first leaf is long, and when the real leaf appears, it should be transplanted. When the seedling has 4 leaves, it can be planted in a flowerpot with a diameter of 10cm. Later, as the plant grows, the larger flowerpot will be replaced, and the time to change the pot should not exceed June at the latest. If the seedling is small, you can let it stay in a small flowerpot for the summer. Seedlings need sunshade. In hot weather, we should often loosen soil, weed, water and fertilize.

2. Summer seedling preservation stage: the summer temperature is high, which is not conducive to cyclamen growth. The application of cooling equipment to reduce the environmental temperature can make it safe to spend the summer. In order to avoid high temperature, two-layer shading net can be used to shade the sun, control watering and stop fertilization.

3. The stage of flowering in the first year: the growth can be restored after autumn, which can gradually increase the amount of water and apply thin fertilizer. Put it in a sunny place in mid-October. The greenhouse air should be moist. Fertilize 2m / m / m 3 times per month. Fertilization is generally not required from mid-December to early February, but it can not be stopped in a higher temperature environment. It usually begins to bloom in November.

4. Summer bulb dormant stage: after May, the leaves gradually yellowed, should gradually stop watering, make it dormant. After the leaves have withered, they should be placed in a low temperature and ventilated environment to make the bulbs safe to spend the summer. The basin is usually placed in a cool and sheltered place.

5. The flowering stage of the second year: after the hot summer, water slightly to make the bulbs sprout again. After sprouting, change the pot with the newly cultivated soil to get rid of the rotten root system. Keep it in the greenhouse and blossom in about 12 months. After flowering, it entered the summer bulb dormancy period. Newly propagated seedlings usually begin to bloom in November. If the temperature is kept at 15 ℃-20 ℃ at the budding stage, spraying gibberellin of 100mg/L on the buds and pedicels can promote pedicel elongation and accelerate flowering.