The cultivation methods and precautions of tea plum

Tea plum is a small tree of the genus Camellia of Theaceae, which is distributed in Japan and is cultivated. In China, there are cultivated varieties, diverse flowers and colors, long flowering period, magnificent color, light and elegant, beautiful tree shape, branches mostly horizontally expanded, full posture, and a large amount of flowers. therefore, it is very suitable for pot appreciation. Let's take a look at the breeding methods and matters needing attention of tea plum.

Growth habits of tea plum

Tea plum is fond of yin and dampness, and half yin and half yang is the most suitable. Strong summer light may burn its leaves and buds, causing the leaves to fall off. But it also needs proper light in order to blossom and flourish. Like warm and humid climate, it is suitable to grow in humus-rich, moist slightly acidic soil with a pH value of 5.5-6. It is more cold-tolerant, but it is generally better for potted plants not less than 2 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 18-25 ℃. It has strong resistance and less diseases and insect pests.

Propagation methods of Camellia oleifera

Camellia oleifera can be propagated by cutting, grafting, pressing and sowing, and it is generally multipurpose. The cuttings were carried out in May, and the cuttings were selected from the strong branches on the mother plant for more than 5 years, with ears at the base, cut off the redundant leaves in the lower part, and retained 2-3 leaves. Short ears with single buds can also be cut as cuttings and cut as they are cut. The bed should be shaded, it can take root in about 20 to 30 days, and gradually pass through the light in the morning and evening.

Culture methods of tea plum

1. Soil: Camellia oleifera is suitable for growing in acid sandy soil with loose fertility and good drainage, alkaline soil and clay are not suitable for planting, and lime soil is more taboo to be used. when potted in the north, it is appropriate to choose rotten leaf soil or peat soil, plus a small amount of river sand culture soil.

2. Watering: tea plum should be watered to keep the basin soil moist without stagnant water. It should be watered once every morning and evening in summer and once in several days in winter. In addition to winter, should also spray water to the leaf surface every few days, in order to keep the leaf surface clean, watering must be thoroughly watered.

3. Sunshine: Camellia oleifera is a semi-shady plant, avoid strong light. Generally, it should be cultured in the shade from May to September every year. If it is directly exposed to the hot sun, it is very easy to burn leaves and buds, causing leaves to curl and scorch and fall off in serious cases. We need more sunshine in late autumn and winter.

4. Temperature: tea plum likes warm environment, and the suitable temperature for growth is 18-25 ℃. The temperature should not be too high. When the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the tender leaves are prone to birthday burn. At the same time, Camellia oleifera has strong cold tolerance and can be kept in a cold room of more than 2 ℃ in winter.

5, fertilization: tea plum fertilization strives to be light and fully mature, and the application of raw fertilizer or thick fertilizer will burn the roots, especially the seedlings in 2012. In general, a dilute nitrogen fertilizer was applied from February to March to promote the growth of branches and leaves. A thin cake fertilizer and water was applied from April to May to facilitate flower bud differentiation. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied from September to October to make the flowers bright.

6. Insect pests: tea plum has fewer diseases and insect pests, and the main diseases are gray spot, soot, anthrax, etc., which should be prevented and treated early. Once the disease occurs, it can be sprayed with the same amount of Bordeaux solution 300 times. If there are shell insects, red spiders and other damage, can be brushed off manually, there are red spiders, can be used to bubble tobacco water mixed with pepper water spray, the effect is also very significant.

7. Pruning: tea plum and camellia also need to timely thinning buds and cutting off residual flowers in order to reduce nutrient consumption. In general, each branch leaves 1 bud, the rest are sparse, so that nutrients are concentrated, then the flower is large and colorful. Cutting off the residual flowers in time can not only keep the plant shape beautiful, but also conducive to the germination of new branches, but also promote the healthy growth of the plant.

Matters needing attention of tea plum

1. Avoid too high room temperature: family potted tea plum is in a state of semi-dormancy in cold winter and early spring, and the suitable temperature is 2: 10 ℃. Vegetative growth is promoted when the average temperature exceeds 10 ℃, thus competing for nutrients for developing buds, causing them to gradually wither.

2. Avoid poor air: the family closes the windows in winter to keep the air fresh. It is also the key to prevent and cure the stiff buds of domesticated tea plum. Need to regularly open the window for air, it is best to open the window every morning and evening for about ten minutes each time, to keep the indoor air fresh and avoid exposure to harmful gases.

3. Taboo changing position: potted tea plum belongs to the semi-dormant period of stopping vegetative growth and entering bud expansion after moving indoors in winter, which requires a stable cool and wet environment. At this time, the most taboo temperature is high and low, and the light is strong and weak. More attention should be paid to it, especially when it is about to bloom.

4. Avoid leaving too many buds: tea plum needs to consume a lot of nutrients during the period from bud gestation to flowering. If there are not a large number of buds in time, it will be difficult to ensure that there are enough nutrients for bud development and flowering in the later stage. Not only a normal flower can not be seen, but also the plant will be tired and even lead to death.

5. Fertilization before flowering is prohibited: although tea plum needs a lot of nutrients in bud development and flowering season, fertilization before flowering will "top" the huge blooming buds, so it is generally not fertilized after entering the house in winter, and the fertilizer and water management in vegetative growth period should be strengthened. Fertilization can be divided into spring and summer stages.