How long is the life span of apple trees?

Apple belongs to the Rosaceae plant is the most common fruit in China has been cultivated for more than 2000 years do you know how long the life span of apple trees? In fact, there are many factors that affect the longevity of apple trees. Let's take a look.

How long is the life span of apple trees?

Apple trees generally have a lifespan of up to 50 years. If they are well managed, the longevity is longer, and the management conditions are poor. In some new apple producing areas, it is only about 30 years due to differences in cultivation techniques or improper management.

Growth habits of Apple trees

The economic life of apple trees began to bear fruit 2 ~ 3 years after planting. Under general management conditions, the economic life was 15 ~ 50 years in barren soil and only 20 to 30 years in extensive management. Due to the comprehensive effect of apical dominance and bud heterogeneity, apples usually have strong dryness and obvious stratification. The obvious degree of stratification is also different due to the difference of sprouting ability and branch forming ability among varieties. Apple buds are divided into leaf buds and flower buds according to their properties. The leaf buds are triangular and long and bend and spread the leaves and grow into branches called new shoots or vegetative branches.

According to the growth status, the branches of apple trees can be divided into long branches, ordinary branches, slender branches and foliage branches. the flower buds of apples are mixed buds. Axillary flower buds formed in the leaf axils of the current year's branches are called axillary flower buds that can blossom and bear fruit in the second year. The flower bud differentiation of most apple varieties can be divided into three stages: physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sexual cell maturation from the beginning of June to the beginning of winter. Flower buds are mixed buds. Inflorescences are corymbose Cymes. Each inflorescence blossoms 5m. M. 8.

Growth conditions of apple trees

1. Temperature: Apple trees are temperate fruit trees that like low temperature and dryness. There is no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. The suitable temperature range is that the annual average temperature is 9: 14 ℃ in winter, the extremely low temperature in winter is not lower than-12 ℃, the maximum monthly temperature in summer is not higher than 20 ℃≥, 10 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature is about 5000 ℃, the average temperature is 12: 18 ℃ in winter, the low temperature is below 1 200 ℃, 1500 hours in winter to pass the natural dormancy smoothly. It is generally believed that apples can be cultivated in areas with an average annual temperature of 7.5 to 14 ℃. Apples have a long period of natural dormancy. For example, the spring sprouting is uneven when the high winter temperature can not meet the low temperature needed in the winter dormancy period. From the regions with the most cultivated apples in the world, the average temperature of the coldest months in winter (January in the Northern Hemisphere and July in the Southern Hemisphere) is between-10 and 10 ℃ in order to meet the low temperature requirements of apples.

2. Precipitation: during the growing period, apple needs about 180 mm precipitation per mu of land. In general, the amount of natural precipitation that can actually be absorbed by fruit trees is about 1x3, which is enough to have 540mm of precipitation during the growing period. Irrigation is needed in areas with precipitation below 450 mm from April to September. 70% of the uneven distribution of precipitation in northern China is concentrated in the spring from July to August, but there is a shortage of water. There is a shortage of water in inland areas with little precipitation, so irrigation conditions and soil moisture conservation measures must be taken into account when building a garden, as well as drainage measures in the rainy season.

3. Sunshine: Apple is a light-loving tree species with sufficient light to grow normally. According to Shandong Agricultural University, the light compensation point of Golden Crown and New Red Star in Taian area is 600-800 meters candlelight saturation point is 3500-4500 meters candlelight. In this range, the increase of light intensity and photosynthesis is also enhanced. Lack of sunshine caused a series of reactions, such as excessive growth of branches and leaves, weak resistance to diseases and insect pests, poor flower bud differentiation, less nutrition storage, low flowering and fruit setting rate, low root growth, low sugar content and poor coloring.

4. Soil: soil has a great influence on the growth, yield and quality of apples. The main factors are soil layer, soil aeration and soil quality. In short, apples need deep soil drainage, which is rich in organic matter, slightly acidic to slightly alkaline.

5. Wind: strong wind often brings many adverse effects on apple growth and development, such as crown deflection, flowering, pollination, destruction of leaf organs, fruit drop and so on, so it is necessary to build a windbreak forest to build apple orchards in windy areas.