Control techniques of diseases and insect pests in Hami melon

Hami melon is a transformation of melon, the fruit is round or oval, produced in * *, not only delicious, but also nutritious, high medicinal value, with high planting prospects, widely cultivated in various parts of China. Bacterial leaf spot, vine blight, fungal leaf blight and other diseases often occur in the production process. Let's take a look at the pest control techniques of Hami melon.

Bacterial leaf spot

[symptoms] in the early stage, watery spots appeared near the veins of the dorsal leaves, which expanded rapidly and became one piece, with yellow halos on the edges.

[control methods] at the initial stage of the disease, 77% Dorin 500 times or 3% Zhongshengmycin 800 times were foliar sprayed 2-3 times, once every 4-5 days.

Vine blight

[symptoms] damage melon vine, leaf, melon vine disease part often split, surface dense small black spots, serious disease part spill amber glue. The disease was more serious when the average temperature was 18-25 ℃, high soil moisture, continuous cropping, poor drainage and weak growth of watermelon.

[agricultural measures] ① strictly controls soil moisture to avoid excessive water content. ② can reduce the wound of melon and vegetable and reduce the infection rate of pathogen. Avoid irrigation in the field during the onset of ③.

[drug control] at the initial stage of the disease, the use of 1800 times of 25% Kailun EC or 32.5 times of Amimicol suspension 1500 times 24% should be 2000 times foliar spraying. The frequency of application depends on the occurrence of the disease, generally 2-3 times, once every 3-4 days.

Cantaloupe powdery mildew

[symptoms] the pathogen mainly harms leaves, and stem vines and petioles can also be damaged. In the early stage of the disease, small round spots appeared on the leaves, and the disease spots were enlarged and connected into pieces. in severe cases, the positive and negative sides of the leaves, stems and petioles were covered with white powder, and the diseased leaves were yellow, brittle and curled. The pathogen overwintered in the soil with the plant disease residue as a closed capsule. Spread by airflow and Rain Water. The disease is serious when the humidity of the melon field is high, the plant growth is dense and the ventilation is poor.

[control methods] ① should strengthen field management, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, prevent plant overgrowth and early senescence, scientific pruning, ventilation and light, and reduce humidity. In the early stage of ②, 200mu sulfur powder 2kg / mu can be used, spray when there is dew on melon seedlings in the morning and evening, or 200kg / mu of sulfur suspension, 67g of 15% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 200g / mu of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 1000 times of methyl thiophanate wettable powder, once every 7 times 10 days for 3 times in a row.

Fungal leaf blight

[symptoms] the disease occurs from July to August, which mainly harms leaves, petioles, stems and fruits. In the early stage of the disease, small water-stained brown spots can be seen on the back of the leaves, and the disease spots gradually expand, and the yellow-brown spots can be seen on the front of the leaves, slightly sunken, the edge is water-stained, and after drying, it shows a green ring, translucent, gray-white in the center, and the wheel pattern is more obvious in high temperature and humidity. In the later stage, the disease spots are continuous, the leaves are scorched like a fire, and a large area turns brown. Seriously affect the fruit quality and yield, and even lead to no harvest. The pathogen overwinters on diseased bodies and seeds. Spread by wind, Rain Water and insects. During the fruit setting period, it is easy to suffer from high temperature and humidity, especially when the humidity is high in continuous rainy days. Poor drainage, closed stems and leaves, poor ventilation and light transmission, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer caused serious disease.

[control methods] ① has strictly carried out crop rotation for more than 5 years. ② strengthen field management, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote plant growth, enhance disease resistance, reasonable close planting, timely pruning, prevent excessive closure of stems and leaves, reduce the occurrence of diseases, remove diseased leaves and bury them or burn them in time. The initial stage of ③ can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 70% mancozeb or 50% thiophanate, or 70% methyl topiramate, once every 7 to 10 days, for 3 times in a row.

Fungal leaf blight

[symptoms] the disease occurs from July to August, which mainly harms leaves, petioles, stems and fruits. In the early stage of the disease, small water-stained brown spots can be seen on the back of the leaves, and the disease spots gradually expand, and the yellow-brown spots can be seen on the front of the leaves, slightly sunken, the edge is water-stained, and after drying, it shows a green ring, translucent, gray-white in the center, and the wheel pattern is more obvious in high temperature and humidity. In the later stage, the disease spots are continuous, the leaves are scorched like a fire, and a large area turns brown. Seriously affect the fruit quality and yield, and even lead to no harvest. The pathogen overwinters on diseased bodies and seeds. Spread by wind, Rain Water and insects. During the fruit setting period, it is easy to suffer from high temperature and humidity, especially when the humidity is high in continuous rainy days. Poor drainage, closed stems and leaves, poor ventilation and light transmission, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer caused serious disease.

[control methods] ① has strictly carried out crop rotation for more than 5 years. ② strengthen field management, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote plant growth, enhance disease resistance, reasonable close planting, timely pruning, prevent excessive closure of stems and leaves, reduce the occurrence of diseases, remove diseased leaves and bury them or burn them in time. The initial stage of ③ can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 70% mancozeb or 50% thiophanate, or 70% methyl topiramate, once every 7 to 10 days, for 3 times in a row.

Hami melon powdery mildew

[symptoms] powdery mildew is a common disease of Hami melon, which occurs from time to time, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Hami melon. Near-mature or mature Hami melon fruit produces nearly round to irregular disease spot, the edge is not obvious, light brown, the disease spot is initially white, and then pink mildew, that is, the conidiophores and conidia of pathogens. The flesh becomes bitter and inedible under the disease spot. It is one of the most important diseases during storage and transportation.

[prevention and treatment] ① should be harvested at the right time, not too late, to reduce all kinds of wounds. ② storage and transportation to control the temperature and humidity, cantaloupe 3-9 ℃, Bailan melon 5-8 ℃, relative humidity should not exceed 85%, and pay attention to ventilation and humidity.

Root knot nematode disease

[symptoms] Root-knot nematode disease is an important disease of cantaloupe, which occurs in some areas and can occur in protected and open fields. the disease is more serious in autumn, and the infection at seedling stage has a great impact on production, and the rate of diseased plants is often more than 60%. Significantly affect the production of cantaloupe. It is mainly harmful to the root system, producing many milky white root knots of different sizes on the main root and lateral root, and white translucent pear-shaped nematode can be seen by cutting the root knot. In the later stage of the disease, the color of the diseased root became darker and finally rotted, and the aboveground part of the plant or seedling became lighter with the development of the disease, wilting gradually from the bottom up to all withered.

[agricultural control] raise seedlings in disease-free soil, choose insect-free soil or field soil to raise seedlings, apply organic fertilizer without disease residue or fully mature organic fertilizer, also use substrate to raise seedlings, and pay attention to prevent man-made transmission. After harvest, the seriously diseased land should thoroughly remove the diseased roots and residues, turn the soil 30-50 cm deep, and disinfect insects by sunlight at the end of spring and the beginning of summer. That is to say, after pulling seedlings in the previous crop, the quicklime and crushed rice straw of 4.5-7.5 tons per hectare were applied respectively, and then ditched and ridged or made beds, filled with water, covered with plastic film and compacted, and then closed in the shed for 10-15 days, all nematodes, bacteria and weeds in the soil could be killed. Pay attention to the application of biological fertilizer after treatment.

[chemical control] for soil treatment according to chemical properties before sowing or planting, 1.8% Zongmike EC 10-15 L / ha can be evenly applied to the seedbed, or re-sown or planted in planting ditches or holes. You can also use 98% 100% permethazol granules 75-120 kg / ha, evenly spread or ditch in 20 cm surface soil, immediately cover the soil, sprinkle water and seal or cover with plastic film for 7-12 days, loosen the soil for 3-10 days, and then sow or plant. 3% miler granules of 22.5-30 kg / ha can also be evenly applied in the ditch.