High-yield planting techniques of Coprinus comatus

The scientific name of Coprinus comatus is Maotou Ghost Umbrella, which is named because it is shaped like a chicken leg and its meat is like shredded chicken. It tastes delicious, tastes very good, and is nutritious. It has been artificially cultivated in western countries in the 1970s, and it was successfully cultivated in China in the 1980s. Because of its short growth cycle, high bioconversion rate and easy cultivation, it is especially suitable for planting in rural areas of our country. Let's take a look at the planting technology of Coprinus comatus.

Cultivation season

Coprinus comatus is a kind of straw rot dung native bacteria with strong adaptability, which belongs to constant temperature and fruiting medium temperature mushroom. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth and fruiting body is 23-28 ℃ and 15-18 ℃ respectively. It can be cultivated in spring and autumn, generally from June to August, from late September to early December, and from November to February in spring, the cultivated species need to be heated properly and mushroom can be produced from April to June.

Raw material formula

1. Formula 1: corncob 85%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum powder 0.5%, urea 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, lime 3%, ratio of material to water 1 ∶ 1.5.

2. Formula 2: cottonseed hull 40%, sawdust 45%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum powder 0.5%, urea 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, lime 3%, material-water ratio 1 ∶ 1.5.

Formula 3: corncob 70%, manure 15%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum powder 0.5%, urea 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, lime 3%, material-water ratio 1 ∶ 1.5.

Pile-building fermentation

1. Site: the best place to build the pile is the cement floor close to the mushroom house, which requires shelter from the wind and the sun, clean water and good drainage. Thoroughly disinfect the site and tools before building the pile, and then expose the raw materials for 24 hours. When building the reactor, first mix the main materials and auxiliary materials evenly, add enough moisture (65%-70% moisture content of the culture material) and chemicals to achieve "three uniformity", that is, the main materials and auxiliary materials are evenly mixed, dry and wet, and the chemicals are uniform in the materials. and reached two indicators, that is, water content 65% 70%, pH 10.

2. Building a pile: when building a pile, the material will be made into a pile with a width of 1.0 to 1.5 meters, a height of 1.0 to 1.2 meters and an unlimited length, with a steeper surroundings as far as possible, with a smaller point in the high temperature season and an increase in the low temperature season. After the pile is built, air holes are inserted in the pile with wooden sticks with a diameter of 5 cm, and a hole is inserted every 33 cm (about 1 foot). There is a "product" shape between the holes to facilitate aeration and fermentation. After the pile is built, the material surface is sprayed with germicidal insecticides with high efficiency and low toxicity, then covered with plastic film for heat preservation and moisturizing, and pay attention to prop up the plastic film properly.

3. Turn the pile: keep it for 24 hours when the temperature reaches 65-70 ℃ 33 cm away from the material surface, and then turn the pile. When turning the heap, the material must be loosened to increase the oxygen content in the material. At the same time, the material in the center of the pile should be turned out, and the material around it should be turned into the center, so that the culture material can be fermented evenly. The whole fermentation process takes 6-8 days, turning once in 1-2 days in high temperature season, 1 time in 2-3 days in low temperature season, and 3 times in general.

Cultivation method

1. Build a bed: Coprinus comatus builds a bed according to the direction of the mushroom shed, with an interval of 0.5 meters. Dig a mushroom bed with a width of 80 cm, 100 cm and a depth of 15 cm in the greenhouse, with unlimited length. Pour through the bottom water and sprinkle 150 grams of lime powder on each square meter of border.

2. Sowing: the layer sowing method can be used for sowing, generally 3 layers of material and 3 layers of species, the thickness of the material is 15-20 cm, and the sowing rate is 15-20%. First spread a layer of 5 cm thick culture material in the mushroom bed, and then sprinkle 1 layer of bacteria, so that a total of 3 layers of material, sprinkle 3 layers of seeds. After sowing, cover sterilized plastic film and newspapers for germicidal management.

3. Germ: insert a thermometer into the material about 10 cm deep through the plastic film to observe the material temperature change. From the fourth day of inoculation, lift the film cover once a day to make it ventilated. Note that the material temperature of 10 cm should not exceed 25 ℃, and it is best to keep it below 25 ℃. When the material temperature is on the high side, it can strengthen the ventilation in the shed at night and under the plastic film, and can also open the newspaper and spray an appropriate amount of water to cool down. The hyphae of Coprinus comatus can be covered with material layer in about 20 days.

Soil covering management

1. Material: the content of organic matter in 20 cm soil in surface tillage layer is high and has the advantages of moderate viscosity, good permeability, good physical shape and so on, so it can be used as soil covering material. The treatment procedure is to take the soil and break it while drying. After passing through a 1cm hole sieve, spray 5% of the limewater solution, mix the soil while spraying, build a pile, cover the film, pile up and wait for use after two consecutive sprays, and then go to bed and cover the soil after 1 week.

2. Time: the hyphae of Coprinus comatus can be covered with soil after a few days of post-ripening period. Because the mycelia of Coprinus comatus have strong anti-aging ability and can be stored for a long time, the time of removing bags and covering soil can be determined according to cultivation and market demand.

3. Methods: when the number of hyphae on the material surface is large and grows upright, remove the mulch such as film and newspaper, increase the ventilation of the mushroom shed, make the mycelium lodge, and cover the soil evenly to the material surface after about 2 days. Usually a layer of soil particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm is 2 cm thick, and then the fine soil is 2 cm thick after there is hyphae in the soil layer.

4. Management: keep the soil moist after covering the soil, the light in the shed is dark, the air is fresh, the temperature is 22: 26 ℃, and the air humidity is about 80%. Under these conditions, the mycelium grows into the soil layer, and after about 20 days, when a large number of hyphae grow horizontally on the surface of the soil layer, the humidity in the greenhouse can be increased to 853.90%, at the same time, the ventilation can be increased, and the temperature of the mushroom shed can be maintained at 15: 30 ℃. A dense layer of young buds will appear in about 1 week, and the management of the mushroom period will officially enter at this time.

Mushroom production management

1. Young buds: the young bud stage of Coprinus comatus is the most stringent stage for the growth environment of the mushroom stage, and the most suitable conditions are temperature of about 20 ℃, humidity of about 90%, moderate ventilation, fresh air and light of 100 lux.

2. Young mushrooms: the conditions of the young stage of Coprinus comatus can be appropriately relaxed compared with the young bud stage, keeping the temperature 1520 ℃, humidity 85% 95%, light less than 300 lux, ventilation can be appropriately enhanced, but there can be no strong wind blowing into the shed.

3. Adult mushrooms: with the continuous development and growth of the fruiting body, the requirements for growth conditions are also gradually extensive. At this time, the greenhouse temperature is maintained at about 15 ℃, the air humidity is 85% 95%, and the light is 100 lux. Too strong light is easy to cause the fruiting body to produce and roll scales prematurely, and deepen the color of the mushroom body. Ventilation should be strengthened with the development of the mushroom body, but no strong wind can blow into the shed either.

4. Harvest: when the mushroom body is strong, the fungus cap has a few scales and wraps the fungus stalk tightly, the fungus ring is just beginning to loose, and it should be harvested when it is about seven minutes mature. If the fruit body is not harvested in time, the fruit body will dissolve and turn black. Do not spray water within 4 hours before harvest to avoid discoloration of the mushroom body. Hold the lower part of the fungal stalk in hand during harvest and gently rotate and pull it out.

5. Processing: fresh mushrooms after harvest should be put into plastic or wooden containers. After cleaning up the soil and sundries of mushroom feet, they will be primary products, and then they will be graded, fresh sold or processed according to the goods. After picking mushrooms, clean up the sundries on the material surface, level the holes in the mushroom picking place, spray 2% lime water, then cover the film, and then carry out mushroom production management according to the conventional method after raising bacteria for 5 to 7 days, generally receiving 3-4 tide mushrooms.