How to identify wild mushrooms?

There are about 400 kinds of wild mushrooms in our country, of which more than 300 kinds can be eaten, about 100 kinds of poisonous mushrooms, 12 of which are highly toxic. Nowadays, there are many wild mushrooms sold in the vegetable market. Because of their delicious taste, they are popular with consumers. However, accidents caused by eating wild mushrooms by mistake occur every year. Let's take a look at how to identify wild mushrooms together.

Wild mushroom identification rumors

1, look at the shape: non-toxic cap is flat, umbrella surface smooth, no wheel on the surface of the bacteria, the lower part of the sterile tray. The poisonous cap is convex in the center, strange in shape, thick and hard on the surface, with bacteria wheels on the stem, slender or thick on the stem, easy to break.

2. Look at secretions: tear off the strains of fresh wild mushrooms, the non-toxic secretions are clear as water, and the surface of the mushrooms will not change color. Poisonous mushroom secretion thick, reddish brown, torn off in the air easily discolored.

3. Cook: When cooking wild mushrooms, put a few rushes or a little garlic or rice to cook together. If the rushes turn green or purple-green, they are poisonous, and those who turn yellow are nontoxic. Garlic or rice discoloration toxic, no discoloration is still non-toxic.

4, look at the growth zone: edible non-toxic mushrooms grow in clean grass or pine trees, oak trees, poisonous mushrooms often grow in dark, wet dirty areas.

5, look at the color: poisonous mushroom surface color is bright, there are red, green, black, purple and other colors, especially purple is often highly toxic, easy to change color after picking.

6. Onion test: When picking wild mushrooms, onion can be rubbed on the mushroom cover. If the onion turns green and brown, it proves poisonous. Otherwise, it is nontoxic if it does not change color.

7, smell: non-toxic mushrooms have a special smell. Poisonous mushrooms have strange taste, such as spicy, sour, fishy taste and so on.

Note: Please remember that identifying whether wild mushrooms are edible requires taxonomic expertise, folklore is unreliable, and if you are not 100% sure that a wild mushroom is edible without the presence of a professional, experience means eating it and judging by its appearance, then the only correct way is to never eat it.

Wild mushroom poisoning symptoms

1. Hemolytic type: Hemolytic anemia occurs within 1~2 days. The symptoms are sudden chills, fever, abdominal pain and headache, back pain and limb pain, pale face, nausea, vomiting, general weakness, irritability and shortness of breath. This kind of poisoning symptoms are mainly caused by deer flower fungus.

2. Gastrointestinal poisoning type: There are more than 80 kinds known. The usual poisoning symptoms are strong nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. Poisonous mushrooms such as Ptychopleura, Pleurotus citrinus, Lactarius comatus, Boletus flavescens and Ramulus roseus can cause this type of poisoning.

3. Photoallergic dermatitis type: China found that this kind of symptom is caused by phyllodes auricularia, the symptoms are extremely itchy skin, especially itchy when light or wind blows through the skin, and may also cause symptoms by scratching, resulting in more serious consequences, which are difficult to treat.

4. Neuropsychiatric type: There are more than 60 kinds known. The poisoning symptoms are nervous symptoms such as mental excitement, mental disorder or mental depression. For example, Amanita fly and Pleurotus semi-ovatus can cause hallucination reaction after poisoning.

5. Liver damage type: There are more than 20 species related to this kind of poisoning, in addition to the above-mentioned species containing toxic peptides and toxic umbrella peptides, such as some species of Cyclostipes.

6. Respiratory and circulatory failure type: The poisonous mushrooms that cause this type are mainly sub-thin pleated black mushrooms with high mortality.

What are wild poisonous mushrooms?

1. Deadly white poison umbrella: The shape of deadly white poison umbrella is similar to that of some traditional edible mushrooms, which is easy to cause accidental ingestion. The toxins are mainly amphitoids and toxic peptides. The content of amphitoids in fresh mushrooms is very high. The toxins contained in about 50 grams of amphitoids are enough to poison an adult. Amanita toxin is extremely harmful to human liver, kidney, central nervous system and other important organs, and the mortality rate of poisoned people is as high as 90%. It is the chief culprit of mushroom death events in Guangzhou over the years.

2, lead green pleated mushroom: lead green pleated mushroom is one of the common toxic mushrooms, but also one of the culprits of the poisonous mushroom incident, summer and autumn group or scattered, like to grow on the lawn, banana forest after rain. The toxicity is weaker than that of white poison umbrella, mainly causing gastrointestinal symptoms, but it may also contain a small amount of toxin similar to white poison umbrella, causing damage to liver and other organs and nervous system, and may also be fatal due to ingestion. There are many similar species, especially confused with edible tall ring stalk mushroom, which has strong deception.

3, big deer flower fungus: big deer flower fungus is one of the common poisonous mushrooms in China, the fruiting body is small to medium large, is not obvious saddle shape, slightly flat, slightly wrinkled, yellow brown. Stipe cylindrical, lighter than lid color, hollow. Distribution in China's Jilin, Xizang and other regions, in coniferous forest near the rotten wood on the ground solitary or group. Toxicity varies from person to person and should not be eaten. Once ingested, should be used as soon as possible emetic, gastric lavage, catharsis, enema and other methods, quickly eliminate toxins.

4. Poison fly umbrella: Poison fly umbrella is also called Amanita, toad fungus, etc. It grows in groups on the ground in the forest in summer and autumn, so it is named because it can poison flies. Its toxins are muscarine, muscarine, kiscarpine and pantherin, etc., which occur within about 6 hours after ingestion, resulting in severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and mental confusion, sweating, chills, muscle convulsions, slow pulse, dyspnea or trismus, dizziness, confusion and other symptoms. Atropine has good curative effect.

5. Dog urine moss: dog urine moss is also called semi-oval mottled mushroom, hallucinogenic mushroom, etc., soot color to brown, top eggshell color or slightly dark, generally no gastrointestinal reaction after poisoning, rapid onset, mainly manifested as mental abnormality, dancing and singing, laughing wildly, producing hallucination, some lethargy or difficulty in speaking, toxin for light cover umbrella Xin, etc. Because of the poisoning caused by dancing, laughing, so the masses called dance bacteria or laughing bacteria. Also known as faecal bacteria growing in feces, the north commonly known as "dog urine moss."