How to plant lotus root seedlings?

Lotus root is the fat rhizome of Nymphaeaceae plant lotus, which tastes slightly sweet and crisp, and can be eaten raw or cooked, and its medicinal value is quite high. Its roots, leaves, flowers and fruits are all treasures, suitable for growing in hot and rainy seasons. Most of them are planted in March to early April in the south of the Yangtze River and in early May in Beijing. Let's take a look at how to plant lotus root seedlings.

Cultivation conditions of Lotus Root

The main results are as follows: 1. Temperature: the lotus root can germinate only when the lotus root is above 15 ℃. In the peak growth period, the temperature is 20: 30 ℃ and the water temperature is 21: 25 ℃. The temperature of lotus root is higher at the initial stage, but the temperature difference between day and night is larger in the later stage. During the dormant period, it is required to keep more than 5 ℃, and less than 5 ℃ is easy to be frozen.

2. Light: the lotus root is a light-loving plant and is not tolerant to shade. Sufficient light is required during the growth period, and the length of sunshine is not strict. Sufficient light in the early stage is beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves, while sufficient light in the later stage is beneficial to flowering, fruiting and enriching the lotus root.

3. Moisture: the water level of the lotus root is 510cm in the budding stage, 30cm and 50cm in the vigorous stage, and then gradually shallower with the flowering, fruiting and fruiting of the plant. Dormant overwintering only requires the soil to be fully moist or keep shallow water.

4. Soil: loam and clay loam, which are rich in organic matter, are the most suitable for lotus root growth. the content of organic matter should be at least 1.5%. The soil pH should be between 5.6 and 7.5, with equal emphasis on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Planting methods of Lotus Root

1. Select improved varieties: select shallow lotus root varieties with no injury and disease, good seed character, large individual, complete head, complete tail, complete terminal bud and lateral bud, stout and plump lotus root nodes, early maturity and high yield, and strive to be uniform in size.

2. Fertilization and field preparation: it is better to choose the field with fertile, deep mud layer, convenient drainage and irrigation and planting rice last year. 15 days before planting lotus root, 2000-3000 kg of mature organic fertilizer, 150 kg of cake fertilizer, 70 kg of superphosphate and 80 kg of quicklime were applied.

3. Planting time: choose sunny afternoon to arrange the lotus root seeds in the field according to the required plant spacing, and then dig trenches by hand according to the size of the lotus root, the front end of the lotus root is inclined downward, and the back end is slightly exposed to the soil, which is conducive to receiving light and air and promoting germination.

4. planting method: the mud depth is covered with mud to cover the lotus root body and lotus root bud. When planting near the ridges of the field, pay attention to all the lotus root heads turn to the heart of the field when opening ditches or ponds for planting.

Field management of lotus root

1. Weeding and picking leaves: a month or so after the lotus root is planted, the withered leaves are removed when the floating leaves are withering, and before closing, they are combined with topdressing and weeding. When weeding, they should walk on both sides of the rolled leaves, and the flower branches are often bent but not cut off when they appear buds or blossoms.

2. Reasonable topdressing: 25kg / mu of high-N-P compound fertilizer was applied when 3 ~ 5 standing leaves, 30kg / mu of high-N-K compound fertilizer was applied when the field was full of standing leaves, 15kg / mu or 10kg / mu of pure potassium fertilizer was applied when terminating leaves appeared.

3. Adjust the water level: the lotus root is irrigated with shallow water of about 5cm / 10cm from planting to sprouting to increase the soil temperature and facilitate seedling emergence. With the growth of standing leaves and branches, the water layer is gradually deepened to 15cm / 20cm. Shallow water should be irrigated during lotus root formation and before harvest.

4. Straighten out the lotus root head: the lotus root vine grows rapidly around in June, and artificial vine management should be carried out. Dig up the mud and pull up the lotus root vine at noon, then turn to the blank ground and bury it in the soil.

5. Mature harvest: most of the local upper standing leaves are withered and yellow, and the lotus root can be harvested one after another when the lotus root is fully mature. The harvest of lotus root can be divided into green lotus root and withered lotus root, the green lotus root is mostly carried out in August, and the harvest of dry lotus root is from March to April of the following year.

Prevention and control of lotus root diseases and insect pests

1. Insect pests: Lotus root pests include aphids, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera litura, etc., which can be sprayed with 80% trichlorfon 800-1000 times or 40% dimethoate 2000 times. Water maggots suck the juice from the roots, stems and leaves of lotus roots and can be killed with lime, with a dosage of 10 to 15 kilograms per mu.

2. Fusarium wilt: keep the lotus field clean and prevent oil from polluting the lotus field. Sewage and soapy water will also lead to the withering and death of lotus leaves, and lotus root is very sensitive to herbicides, so herbicides should never be applied in lotus fields.

3. Virus disease: disease-resistant varieties should be selected in the prevention and control of lotus root virus disease, and aphids (virus vectors) should be controlled in time. 1.5% Zhixianling emulsion should be sprayed 1000 times at the initial stage of the disease.

4. Black spot: at the initial stage of the disease, the diseased leaves can be removed and sprayed for prevention and treatment. 1000 times methyl topiramate or 65% Dysen zinc, or 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 166 Bordeaux 200 times Bordeaux solution can be sprayed every 10 days for a total of 2 times.

5. Corruption disease: seriously diseased fields can be rotated for 2-3 years, which can be sprayed with 1000 times of methyl topiramate or 75% chlorothalonil, and can be sprinkled into shallow paddy fields with 75% chlorothalonil 0.5kg and dry soil 30kg.