Management methods and pest control of greenhouse vegetables

Greenhouse vegetables, also known as greenhouse vegetables, refer to the vegetables planted in the greenhouse after covering the greenhouse with plastic film. This model controls a series of ecological environment such as temperature and moisture in the greenhouse in an artificial way, so as to adjust the season of vegetable production and produce out-of-season vegetables to meet the market demand, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing farmers' income. So how to manage the vegetables under this mode, and how to prevent and control the diseases and insect pests of greenhouse vegetables?

First of all, greenhouse vegetables should be diligently managed from the selection of varieties, temperature, humidity, light, fertilizer and water, so as to ensure that vegetables do not get sick or get sick as much as possible, reduce the use of pesticides, reduce economic investment and reduce labor intensity. it also ensures the quality and safety of agricultural products.

I. Management methods

The main results are as follows: 1. Select the disease-resistant varieties suitable for this area and adopt grafting technique.

2. The cultivation mode of large ridge double row high border or single ridge high border is adopted, and the technique of micro-drip irrigation under plastic film is equipped. This can increase ventilation and light transmittance, increase low temperature, and reduce air humidity.

3. Temperature management. Suitable for melons, eggplant fruits and vegetables.

4. Humidity management. Before raising seedlings, vegetables are watered through the bottom water at one time (no waterlogging), and basically no drought and no watering after emergence. The nutrition bowl was watered thoroughly before grafting, and watering was controlled as far as possible after slow seedling grafting, but there was less soil in the nutrition bowl to avoid drought causing small and old seedlings. After planting, the slow seedling water must be watered thoroughly, and there is basically no pouring water until the flowering stage, so as to avoid the excessive growth of seedlings. Irrigate one water for 7 days at the beginning of picking, apply fertilizer with irrigation belt, pour water for 15 days in low temperature period, and use micro-drip irrigation or watering water as far as possible. When the temperature rises after the Beginning of Spring, the amount of water can be increased appropriately.

5. Light management. To remove dust from the greenhouse film every morning, it is best to use a dust cloth. According to the temperature, try to connect the thermal insulation cover as early as possible. You can use supplementary lights on cloudy days, 20 lights per mu, but not at night. Post a reflective screen on the back wall, it is best to use one in the middle of the back wall. The upper and lower parts of the back wall absorb light during the day and dissipate heat at night. After a cloudy day is suddenly sunny, do not rush to open the thermal insulation cover, properly open a few quilts or grass curtains, and then spray wet foliar fertilizer or water, and then all open the cover.

6. Fertilizer and water management. Suitable for melons, eggplant fruits and vegetables. Base fertilizer had better use diammonium phosphate 100 jin per mu, potassium sulfate 80 jin per mu properly add some calcium fertilizer 80 jin per mu. If fertilizer deficiency occurs at the seedling stage, foliar fertilizer such as 0.1% urea and 0.2% Mel 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Haifa Magic Zhuang can be sprayed twice for extra-root topdressing. After planting, do not need flushing fertilizer as far as possible before picking, so as to avoid excessive growth of seedlings. During the initial picking period, high potassium fertilizer (Haifa Magic Feng, potassium nitrate) can be applied, no more than 20 jin per mu. During the full fruit period, N, P, K balanced formula fertilizer can be applied, no more than 30 jin per mu. Fertilizers for rooting and raising seedlings such as amino acids and humic acids were applied in the low temperature period.

7. Increasing the application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer: the ventilation volume of greenhouse in winter is reduced, and the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide is low, which is not conducive to plant photosynthesis. The application of carbon dioxide can significantly increase the yield, especially from late January to the end of February, when the indoor is basically in a closed state, when the supplement of carbon dioxide is extremely beneficial to the yield of vegetables. You can use a carbon dioxide generator or a simple carbon dioxide bag.

8. Pruning in time. Timely hanging vines, falling seedlings, beating old leaves, pinching tendrils, removing invalid inner bore branches, and taking them out of the shed at any time.

II. Physical control of diseases and insect pests

1. The comprehensive utilization of insect control net and sticky color plate can achieve the purpose of controlling the number of pests and reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Before planting, use an anti-insect net at the vents of the greenhouse to block the transmission of pests. For vegetable production, it is appropriate to choose a net of 14Mui and 40 mesh. On the premise that it can effectively prevent aphids, the smallest main pest on vegetables, the smaller the number of eyes, the better, in order to facilitate ventilation. Soil should be compacted around the insect control net to prevent pests from sneaking into and laying eggs. Hang yellow and blue plates in the greenhouse. Yellow board can trap aphids, whitefly, Liriomyza huidobrensis, blue board can trap thrips. The yellow and blue board can be hung with a thin line, with a height of 25 pieces per mu, with a height of 5ml 10cm higher than the growth point. During the use of the color plate, it is best to increase its height with the growth of vegetables, so that the color plate is always higher than the growing point of vegetables, so that it is easy to trap pests. When the sticky glue of the color plate loses its viscosity, it can be changed at any time. The color swatch is best used in the early or early stage of the occurrence of pests, and the trapping effect is good when the number of pests is very small.

2. The rational use of ozone generator can effectively control the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

(1) when the ozone generator is installed, the working time of the generator should be adjusted strictly according to the product instructions, the outlet holes of ozone should be on both sides, not downward, and the pipe should be in the front of the scaffolding, and the top is about 50 cm away from the plant. You can generally use lighting electricity.

(2) reasonable determination of ozone concentration and release time. The concentration and time of ozone release should be adjusted according to different crops and their growth periods. Generally, the crops at the adult stage are more adaptable to ozone than the crops at the seedling stage. In production, if the amount of ozone application is too large or the fumigation time in the greenhouse is too long, the light ones will lead to the drying of vegetable leaves in the greenhouse, and the heavy ones will cause plant death. With the growth of plants, the release amount and fumigation time can be gradually increased, which can control diseases and insect pests without harming vegetable crops.

(3) the use at seedling stage can significantly prevent the occurrence of airborne diseases in the whole growth period, and the effect is significant in the middle growth stage within one month. Note: when used in the middle stage of cucumber growth, ozone can first aggravate the cucumber disease (photosynthesis is inhibited), but after the cucumber seedlings adapt to the ozone environment for 45 days, the disease can be significantly reduced, and the later growth is exuberant and there is no disease. Significant control effect on Botrytis cinerea. Release should be as uniform as possible, cut the jet hole can not be directly facing the vegetables, should be more than 50 cm away from the vegetables. The fumigation time should be ventilated in time, and the general ventilation time should not be less than 30 minutes.

(4) temperature and moderate regulation. During the release of ozone, the indoor temperature should be kept in the range of 10 °- 30 °, and the control effect will be better under the condition of high air humidity. Long-term use in winter, ozone transport pipe is easy to accumulate water, cut because the ozone air contains nitrogen oxides, accumulated water will form strong nitric acid, release should be extra care, do not splash on the body or plants.

Third, biological and chemical control.

When using chemical pesticides to control diseases and insect pests, if a single chemical is used, the efficacy will gradually decline. And the more specific pesticides are, the more likely they are to fail. This is mostly due to the resistance of germs and pests. Studies have shown that similar agents tend to fail after they develop resistance to a chemical pesticide. Therefore, it is best to use biological agents and chemicals alternately. Biological agents such as veratrine, matrine, Liuyangmycin, agricultural streptomycin and neophytomycin were used alternately with Aktai, Amisida, DuPont Yikuangjing, Kesha 3000 and other chemicals, which not only avoided the cross-resistance of pesticides, but also reduced the residues of chemical pesticides. Grasp the characteristics of pesticides, to achieve symptomatic use of drugs, timely use of drugs, alternately and with drugs. The use of pesticides explicitly prohibited by the state is strictly prohibited. In order to ensure the safe use of pesticides, in addition to considering the toxicity of pesticides, the allowable use limits, maximum residues and safety intervals on vegetables should be fully understood and strictly observed.

The above are the planting and management methods of greenhouse vegetables, and the prevention and control methods of greenhouse vegetable diseases and insect pests are introduced from the physical and biochemical aspects, hoping to bring some help to you.