High-yield cultivation techniques of High-quality Cucumber

In recent years, with the continuous progress of planting technology, people's demand for agricultural products is also growing. The traditional cultivation technology of agricultural products has been unable to meet the needs of people. Cucumber, as a traditional vegetable variety, occupies a very high position in vegetable products in China because of its bright color, crisp and delicious taste and various eating methods. it is a good product for both young and old. The following will introduce the cultivation methods and techniques of high quality and high yield of cucumber from the beginning of soil preparation to the final harvest.

I. Land preparation

Cucumber cultivation requires the selection of weakly acidic to neutral sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter and strong ability to preserve water and fertilizer, and the optimum pH value is 5.7-7.2. When the pH value is below 5.5, many physiological obstacles will occur, yellowing and death will occur. When the pH value is higher than 7.2, it is easy to burn roots and die seedlings, resulting in salt damage.

2. Selection of species

Varieties with disease resistance, strong stress resistance, good commodity and high yield, such as Jinyou 10, Bonai 3 and so on, were selected.

Third, seed soaking

The soaked seeds were wrapped in a clean wet cloth and germinated for 1 to 2 days under the condition of 28 ℃ ~ 32 ℃. When 70% of the seeds were exposed, they could be sown.

Fourth, seedbed preparation

The garden soil or field soil which has not planted melons and vegetables for 3-5 years is fully mixed with high-quality rotten organic fertilizer according to the ratio of 3 ∶ 1, and 2 kg of three-element compound fertilizer is added per cubic meter. 50% carbendazim wettable powder was mixed with 50% thiram wettable powder 1 ∶ 1, mixed with 8 grams of 10 grams of chemicals per square meter and 15 grams of fine soil per square meter, 2 beat 3 was used to make the bed, and 1 pound 3 was used for mulching after sowing.

5. Sowing and raising seedlings

The sowing date of spring cucumber is determined according to the planting date. The suitable calendar seedling age for planting is 40-50 days, and the physiological seedling age is four leaves. If the seedling age is calculated according to the calendar, the seeds will be sown 40-50 days before planting. The age of physiological seedlings is related to the method of raising seedlings. It takes 50-55 days to raise seedlings in sunny beds or solar greenhouse, 45-50 days in heating greenhouse and 45 days in electric hotline greenhouse. Therefore, the sowing time is also different with different seedling raising methods. Practice has proved that rapid seedling raising not only saves time, but also emerges quickly and thrives, and the early yield is high. Where there are conditions, try to use rapid seedling breeding.

VI. Management at seedling stage

1. Temperature management. The temperature should be controlled at 28 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ in daytime and 10 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night from sowing to unearthing, 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ in daytime to broken heart, 16 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night, and 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ in daytime and 12 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ at night from heart breaking to planting.

two。 Water management. At the seedling stage, the water should be properly controlled, dry and wet, and watered thoroughly.

3. Refining seedlings. The water should be controlled 7-10 days before planting, and the ventilation should be increased to refine the seedlings at low temperature. The temperature is 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ in daytime and 8 ℃ ~ 10 ℃ at night. When the seedling reaches 15 cm in height, 3 leaves and 1 heart, and the seedling age is about 35 days, it can be planted.

7. Watering and ploughing to loosen the soil

4-5 days after planting, be careful that the leaves begin to grow. When a large number of new roots grow in the ground, water the seedlings once. After watering until the root melon sits generally without watering, ploughing and loosening the soil is carried out. The first intertillage requires depth, penetration and fineness, about 7 cm deep, and hoes around the seedlings, but can not hurt the roots. The purpose of intertillage is to loosen the soil, raise the soil temperature and promote the growth of roots. Control stem and leaf growth and squatting seedlings. When the first melon of most plants (called root melon) sits down (the melon grows to about 12 cm, it is called sitting melon when it is not easy to melt the melon) as a result, it begins to pour water, and the water should be appropriately larger. When the land is not sticky, carry out the second ploughing, shallow hoe, combined with ploughing to get rid of weeds. After the head water has been watered, there can be no more shortage of water, and the future watering depends on the sky. Look at the rice seedlings and master them flexibly. In the root melon harvest period, the day is not too hot, evaporation is small. The seedlings are not too high, they should not be watered too frequently, and the amount of water should not be too large. Generally, they should be watered every 6 to 7 days. To harvest waist paw to harvest top melon is the peak melon period, the temperature has been high, evaporation is large, stems and leaves are luxuriant, and the growth is determined. There are many melons, which is the period when cucumbers need the most water in their life. generally, they should be watered every 3 to 4 days, and the amount of water should not be too large. It is advocated that small water should be watered frequently, and flood water should be avoided. After harvesting the top melon, the melon seedlings gradually aging, the stem and leaf growth has been small, and it is in the rainy season, it is necessary to control the watering times. When it doesn't rain, water should be watered every 5 to 6 days to keep the land dry. In terms of watering time, the results had better be carried out in the morning in the early stage, in the peak and later stages of melon harvest, and in the evening, which can reduce the ground temperature. Cucumbers are afraid of waterlogging and should pay attention to drainage after rain to avoid stagnant water in the border.

Eighth, insert frame, tie vine

In order to prevent the wind from throwing seedlings, strive to transplant shelves on the same day after planting, cucumbers often use herringbone flower racks, a seedling inserted into a bamboo pole, inserted on the outside of the seedlings. The two rows at the top of the bamboo pole are tied together. When the melon vine can not grow upright, you should tie the vine in time, and then tie it every 3 to 4 leaves. The binding rope is in the shape of "8" with the pole and vine, which can prevent the vine from rubbing or slipping. The tie should not be too tight, and the gap should be inserted into the index finger. Each binding vine to make the top of the melon vine fixed at the same height, easy to manage, binding vine is best carried out in the afternoon, not easy to break the vine and leaves.

IX. Pest control

The common diseases of cucumber are Fusarium wilt, downy mildew, powdery mildew and so on. The main pests are melon aphid and squirrel. According to the development trend of cucumber diseases and insect pests in recent years, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive control, reasonable crop rotation and strengthen field management, and spray or remove the diseased seedlings in time at the initial stage of the disease. To control Fusarium wilt, 70% dimethazon 1000 × 1500 times or 50% carbendazim 500 times, downy mildew can be sprayed with 64% poisonous alum 400 times, or 70% mancozeb 500 times, or 77% mancozeb 500 times 800 times. Powdery mildew can be sprayed with 2500 times of 25% triflon, or 2000 times of 25% Fuli, or 2000 times of 30% Teflin. Melon aphids can be sprayed with 800 / 1200 times of Kulong EC, or 2.5% of Uranus and ivy concentrate 3000 times, and squirrel women can be sprayed with 25% deltamethrin or 20% deltamethrin, 100 grams and 10 kilograms of fine soil on the border surface, or with 50% dichlorvos.

10. Harvest

Generally, melon harvesting begins about 25-30 days after planting, and the harvest time is about 40-60 days. The average yield per mu is 3,500 to 4,500 kilograms. The melon should be picked at the right time, when the top of the melon strip changes from a tip to a circle. At this time, melon sticks have fully grown up, and they are not old, so it is the right time for harvest.

Finally, in addition, cucumbers are vegetables harvested many times, and they can be stained with a little sugar water on petals and leaves during flowering, which helps to attract bees to collect and pollinate and increase production. The above is the full set of experience of high-yield planting of high-quality cucumbers. I hope it can improve some reference and help.