Symptoms and Control methods of foot-and-mouth Disease in cattle and Sheep

Foot-and-mouth disease, commonly known as "mouth sore" and "pixie", is an acute, febrile and highly contagious infectious disease, which mainly harms cloven-hoofed animals such as pigs, cattle and sheep in our daily life. Because of the strong infectious ability of this disease and the high fatality rate to calves, the pro-farm network is now introducing the etiology, symptoms and related prevention and treatment measures of this disease to you, hoping to bring some help to all farmers.

I. pathogenic mechanism of foot-and-mouth disease

In the process of infection and pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease, the virus will first adsorb on the sensitive cells, produce non-specific binding, and further specific adsorption with the receptors on the sensitive cells, resulting in a series of changes in the cells. The changed cells will phagocytize the foot-and-mouth disease virus into the cell as a food cell, and its lysozyme cleaves the virus capsid and releases the viral nucleic acid to complete the infection of the virus to the cell.

II. Ways of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease

Foot-and-mouth disease virus mainly spreads through respiratory tract, damaged skin and broken mucous membrane are also the ways of virus invasion; contaminated animal products, feed, drinking water, traffic work, breeding equipment and so on can become the source of infection, and foot-and-mouth disease virus existing in the air can spread to 10~60km places with the wind, so air is also an important way of transmission. Its transmission is characterized by fast transmission speed and high incidence.

III. Clinical symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease

In general, sick animals will form rotten spots or blisters on the skin of oral mucosa, nipples and hooves. Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease is relatively serious. Generally speaking, the incubation period of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle is 7-36 days. At the initial stage of the disease, obvious characteristics such as elevated body temperature and conjunctival flushing will appear. With the continuous extension of the disease time, it will also lead to oral lesions and blisters. In general, more than 90% of cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease have typical foot dermatitis.

Analysis of the cause of death: the cause of death is mostly due to foot-and-mouth disease secondary myocarditis or imperfect sanitary cleaning of the farm, it is easy to appear secondary infection, making it suffer from septicemia or other diseases.

IV. The regularity of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle and sheep

1. Winter is easy to occur frequently every year, mostly between November and March of the following year.

2. The calves and fattening cattle died the most, which mainly showed sudden death.

3. It is more likely to die suddenly during injection and infusion.

4. It is easy to die suddenly after being frightened.

V. Preventive measures of foot-and-mouth disease

Foot-and-mouth disease must be prevented more seriously than cured. this is the so-called untreated disease. if these diseases can be prevented, the damage caused by the disease will be minimized.

1. Immunization is still the focus.

At present, most of the free foot-and-mouth disease type O, Asian type I and type A trivalent inactivated vaccines are available on the market and in the country. The dosage of cattle is 1ml/ head, and that of sheep is 0.5ml/. After adult goats were immunized with trivalent vaccine of foot-and-mouth disease, the qualified rate of immune antibody level reached the standard of Ministry of Agriculture for about 4-5 months, and the qualified rate of adult sheep reached the standard of Ministry of Agriculture for more than 6 months, and the effect of twice immunization was better than that of first immunization. After enhanced immunization, the qualified rate of immune antibody level of calves meeting the standards of the Ministry of Agriculture can be maintained for 6 months.

Can pregnant female animals be vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease? -foot-and-mouth disease vaccine is one of the biological products that can cause strong stress response in animals. the risk of miscarriage increases greatly after pregnant and parturient cows are injected with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Pregnant ewes are prone to fetal death and miscarriage after being vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease. Even if the lambs are born smoothly, the ewes have little or no milk, and the lambs move slowly. Therefore, for ewes to avoid pregnancy as far as possible; for cows because of the longer pregnancy is difficult to avoid, it is best to avoid one month before and after pregnancy and 2 weeks before mating.

two。 Strengthen feeding and management

If cattle and sheep are provided with adequate nutrition to improve their immunity and disease resistance, the probability of being infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus will be low. it is suggested that breeders must choose high-quality premix and reasonably match diets to provide comprehensive nutrition for cattle and sheep. To do a good job of disinfection: no livestock cottage can be disinfected with fire alkali or lime, livestock enclosure can use 84 disinfectant, Lysol water, potassium high acid acid, new germicidal and so on, it is best to use acid-base disinfectant alternately.

3. Don't buy cattle from epidemic areas.

When buying cattle, try not to go to the epidemic area, and the cattle bought home should be vaccinated with trivalent vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease in time.

What to do after being infected with foot-and-mouth disease?

1. Early detection and early isolation, keep an eye on high fever.

2. Add liquid food to increase the nutrition of cattle.

3. the environment is quiet and noisy is avoided.

4. No chasing and strenuous exercise.

5, for the treatment of the affected area: wash with potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide, smear purple potion, penicillin, etc., oral cavity can be sprinkled with ice boron powder.

6. Antipyretic scheme: it is recommended to use traditional Chinese medicine to reduce fever. Specific medication and dosage can be consulted by phone. We will give a reference treatment plan according to different physiological stages and body weight of cattle and sheep.

7. There is no targeted treatment for foot-and-mouth disease. The old and weak groups who recovered after the epidemic infection should strengthen disinfection and supplement nutrition every day to prevent secondary infection.

After reading the above, have you learned a lot about foot-and-mouth disease? Some people may ask: what effect does foot-and-mouth disease have on the human body? The pro-agriculture network also gives the answer here: normally, foot-and-mouth disease is not transmitted to humans, but it has been reported that a few variants of the virus may be transmitted to humans, mainly children with weak resistance, but can be cured quickly through treatment. If you inadvertently eat the meat of sick animals, there is no need to panic. The foot-and-mouth disease virus is not heat-resistant and acid-resistant. It can kill the virus after heating and cooking, and the concentration of stomach acid in the human stomach is very high, so there is no need to be too nervous. However, for the sake of safety, children and the elderly should be avoided from going to livestock farms or farms suffering from foot-and-mouth disease. When buying meat, you should pay attention to the quarantine certificate.