The function of organic fertilizer

Supplying nutrients and active substances to crops, improving photosynthesis intensity

Organic fertilizer in the process of continuous mineralization in the soil, can continue to supply a variety of essential nutrients for crops for a long time, but also can supply a variety of active substances, such as amino acids, ribonucleic acid, humic acid and various enzymes. Especially in livestock, poultry manure enzyme activity is particularly high, dozens of times to hundreds of times of soil enzyme activity, not only nutrition plants, but also stimulate crop growth, but also enhance soil microbial activity, improve the effectiveness of soil nutrients. In the decomposition process of organic fertilizer, a large amount of CO2 is produced for carbon assimilation of crops. The photosynthesis intensity of plants increases linearly with the increase of CO2 in a certain range of CO2 concentration. Experiments in Beijing, Fujian and other places have proved that increasing CO2 concentration can increase crop yield by more than 10%. Organic fertilizer contains abundant carbon source, which is of great significance to promote crop growth and improve yield.

improve soil fertility

Soil organic matter is one of the main indicators of soil fertility, the material basis of soil fertility, and the material source of supplementing and renewing soil organic matter. When applying organic fertilizer,(1) constantly replenish the consumed organic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizers alone will destroy the soil structure and harden it within a few years. (2)Continuously improve soil organic matter content. The content of organic matter in soil is relatively low in most areas of China, except for the black soil area in Northeast China, where the content of organic matter is relatively high, which can reach 2.5%~7.5%. Most of the organic matter content in North China and Northwest China is lower than 1%, and the organic matter content in paddy fields in Central China and South China is slightly higher, reaching 1.5%~3.5%. In addition, dryland areas rarely reach more than 2%, of which the organic matter content of cultivated land is less than 0.5%, accounting for 10.6% of the existing cultivated area in China. (3)Continuously renew soil organic matter. Organic fertilizer conversion to soil organic matter accounts for about two-thirds of the annual formation of soil organic matter, so it is necessary to supplement organic fertilizer in order to continuously renew soil organic matter. Obviously, it is very important to apply organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility.

improve soil physical and chemical properties

After organic fertilizer enters soil, it is decomposed by microorganisms and condensed into new humus, which can combine with clay and calcium ions in soil to form organic-inorganic complex, promote the formation of water-stable aggregate structure in soil, and thus coordinate the contradiction of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil. Reduce soil bulk density, improve soil cohesion and adhesion, and improve tillage. Because humus is loose and porous, its adhesive force and cohesive force are smaller than clay and larger than sand, so it can not only improve the porosity and ventilation of cohesive soil, but also change the loose state of sand. Humus is darker in color, which can improve the heat absorption ability of soil and improve the soil thermal condition. Humus loose porous water storage capacity, can improve soil water retention capacity. The hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl or alcoholic hydroxyl of humus molecules can dissociate H+ ions in water. Humus with negative charges, it can absorb a large number of cations, and soil solution cation exchange, thus improving the fertility of the soil. It can be seen from the above that applying organic fertilizer can effectively fertilize the soil and is conducive to high and stable yield.

improve product quality

Single application of chemical fertilizer or improper nutrient ratio will reduce product quality. It has been proved that organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer can improve product quality, such as protein content in wheat and corn seeds. The protein content, gluten content and total nitrogen content of wheat grain increased by 1% and 2.3% respectively. The research of Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences shows that the nitrate content in vegetables increases obviously when nitrogen fertilizer is applied unreasonably and excessively, especially in the edible parts of cabbage, spinach and lettuce. The nitrate content is as high as 1000μg/g, the highest can reach 1700μg/g, while the manure area is only 200~500μg/g, and the lowest is only dozens of μg/g. For tomato and cauliflower, vitamin C content can be increased by 16.6~20.0μg/g by using organic and inorganic fertilizers.

reduce environmental pollution

Organic waste contains a large number of bacteria eggs, if not treated in time, it will spread bacteria, increase the concentration of ammonia, nitrate and soluble organic nitrogen in groundwater, and cause eutrophication of surface and groundwater, resulting in deterioration of environmental quality and even endangering the survival of organisms. Therefore, rational use of these organic fertilizers can reduce environmental pollution and reduce fertilizer investment, killing two birds with one stone. Organic fertilizers can also adsorb and chelate toxic metal cations such as copper and lead, increasing the fixation of arsenic.