Efficient application method of phosphate fertilizer

Phosphorus is one of the three nutritional elements of crop growth. The phosphorus in the soil generally can not meet the needs of crop growth and development, and must be met through the artificial application of phosphate fertilizer; at the same time, phosphate fertilizer is easily fixed by the soil, has little mobility in the soil, and the fertilizer efficiency is slow, so it is difficult for crops to absorb and utilize it in time. According to the results of fertilizer experiments in recent years, the seasonal utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is 10% and 25%. Therefore, the scientific application of phosphate fertilizer to improve the utilization rate is an urgent problem to be solved in the current agricultural production.

Efficient application method of phosphate fertilizer

1. The application amount of phosphate fertilizer was determined according to the results of soil nutrient test. According to the index of soil nutrient abundance and deficiency, when the content of soil available phosphorus is lower than that of 10mg/Kg (low level), the crop yield and soil fertility can be increased by applying more phosphate fertilizer, and the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied is twice as much as that carried by crops; when the content of soil available phosphorus is 10--20mg/Kg (medium level), the goal of phosphate fertilizer application is to maintain the existing soil available phosphorus level, and the amount of phosphate fertilizer application is equal to the carrying amount of crops. When the content of available phosphorus in soil is 20-30mg/Kg (high water) and above 30mg/Kg (very high level), the amount of phosphate fertilizer is 0.5 times that of crops and no application at all, which reduces the economic waste and agricultural environment pollution caused by large amount of phosphate fertilizer application. Phosphate fertilizer should be given priority in barren plots far away from villages, newly leveled raw soil plots and plots that do not apply farm manure all the year round, and less phosphate fertilizer should be applied in fertile fields, fertile fields and plots that have applied a large amount of phosphate fertilizer in previous years. The application of phosphate fertilizer in dry land, yellow mud field and cold soaking field can significantly increase the yield, and phosphate fertilizer should be re-applied.

2. It should be applied to crops sensitive to phosphorus, such as rice, rape, wheat, peanuts, beans, potatoes, melons and so on. The effect of increasing nitrogen with phosphorus can be achieved by applying phosphate fertilizer.

3. Change sprinkling application to centralized strip application or acupoint application. Phosphate fertilizer must be dissolved and dissociated by water before the roots or stems and leaves of crops can be absorbed and utilized, so if the phosphate fertilizer is scattered on the surface or dry soil, it will cause waste and loss. Therefore, the best way to apply phosphorus to rice is to stick the seedling root with phosphate fertilizer, or to apply it deep into the furrow, and to apply phosphorus to dryland crops by hole application and strip application, so that the phosphorus fertilizer can be concentrated around the seeds or roots.

4. The mobility of phosphorus in soil is poor, so the effect of bottom application is good.

5. Phosphate fertilizer had better be mixed with organic fertilizer (such as farm manure). Phosphate fertilizer can easily react with iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and other elements in soil, and become insoluble phosphate fertilizer, which reduces the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, the mixed composting of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer can promote the solubility of phosphate fertilizer and increase the effective content of phosphate fertilizer, especially the mixed composting of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer. the insoluble phosphorus in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be transformed into available phosphorus which is easy to be absorbed by crops.

6. Phosphate fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and phosphate rock powder should be applied in combination with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. These kinds of phosphate fertilizers do not contain nitrogen and potassium nutrients, and their combined use with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can coordinate the nutrient needs of crops and give full play to the mutual promotion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their yield-increasing effect is better than that of phosphorus application alone.