Ripening technology of farm manure

In vegetable greenhouse cultivation, most farmers choose farm manure as base fertilizer, because it has the characteristics of full nutrient content, sufficient stamina and low cost, so it has become the first choice of base fertilizer for many vegetable farmers. However, farm manure must be fully mature before it is used as base fertilizer, otherwise it will easily lead to root burning, ammonia damage, soil-borne diseases and serious underground pests. Many vegetable farmers also know that farm manure is mature, but the specific operation method is wrong, not only labor-consuming and laborious, but also not fully mature.

Why should farm manure be mature?

"Cold dung, fruit wood, hot dung vegetables, rotting the ground on the raw dung." There will be a lot of problems after the use of unrotten farm manure.

1. Unripe farm manure often contains a large number of bacteria and insect eggs, which can not only cause root diseases and insect pests of fruit trees, but also pollute the environment.

2. The nutrients of unripe farm manure are mostly organic, which is not easy to be absorbed by fruit trees, which will cause fertilizer loss.

3. Farm manure will produce a lot of heat when it is decomposed and fermented by microorganisms in the soil, and it is easy to burn the capillaries of fruit trees.

4. farm manure will absorb a large amount of nitrogen when it is decomposed and fermented by microorganisms in the soil, resulting in short-term nitrogen deficiency of fruit trees.

5. Farm manure needs a process after microbial decomposition and fermentation in the soil, resulting in fertilizer efficiency lagging behind, which is difficult to be consistent with the growth rhythm and fertilizer demand period of fruit trees, which can not achieve the purpose of fertilization, or even cause adverse effects.

From the above questions, we can see that farm manure must be mature before it can be applied, so how to change it?

Ripening technology of farm manure

Fertilizers formed by mixing various fresh livestock manure and gasket materials need to decompose into available nutrients and humic substances in the process of accumulation through the role of microorganisms. This kind of organic fertilizer is suitable for application, and the key to composting is to be timely. There are four common methods of composting organic fertilizer.

The main results are as follows: 1. Loose accumulation method: the manure and urine of fresh livestock are loosely accumulated in the compost site, and keep good ventilation in the process of accumulation. Under the condition of high temperature, livestock manure decomposes quickly, and mature organic fertilizer can be produced in a short period of time, but nitrogen and other nutrients are lost greatly.

2. Close stacking method: livestock manure and urine from the circle are piled up layer by layer in the compost site and pressed at the same time. If it is too dry, add an appropriate amount of water to keep it moist. The height of the fertilizer pile should be 1.5m to 2m. When the pile is finished, seal it with soil. The temperature is generally kept at 15 ℃ to 35 ℃. By using this method, the accumulation of humus is more and the loss of nitrogen is less. after about 3 to 4 months, the organic fertilizer can reach the state of semi-decay, and the organic fertilizer can be fully mature after more than 6 months.

3. Loose and close cross accumulation method: using loose and close alternating accumulation can not only shorten the ripening time of organic fertilizer, but also reduce nitrogen loss. The fresh organic fertilizer is loosely piled up outside the circle about one meter high and is not pressed to facilitate fermentation. Generally, the temperature in the compost pile can reach 60 ℃ to 70 ℃ after 2 to 3 days, and fresh organic manure can continue to be accumulated layer by layer until the height is 2 m to 2.5 m. Seal the fertilizer pile with soil, maintain the temperature, hinder the entry of air, and prevent the loss of fertilizer and evaporation of water. Generally 1 and a half months to 2 months can reach semi-rotten state, after 4 months can be completely mature.

4. Rapid treatment of ETS flora: spread out the prepared organic materials (mainly the mixture of animal excreta and plant straw, with a moisture content of about 50% Murray and 60%), then sprinkle with the ripening agent, according to the proportion of 10 kg ripening agent (or using a bag of compound microbial fertilizer in Mumei soil) corresponding to 4 square organic materials. Where there are conditions, it is best to simply turn over to ensure that the ripening agent can be evenly mixed with organic materials. After completing the above steps, the stacking height is about 0.5 Murray 1 meter, and after the stacking is completed, the thermometer is inserted at a slope of 45 degrees from the ground. Observe once every morning and evening, if the temperature exceeds 60 ℃ for 2 days, it needs to be overturned. When the organic material is odorless and the stacking temperature drops below 40 ℃, it can be stacked and set aside (usually about 30 days before and after).