Scientific application skills of pesticides

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for the quality of vegetables and fruits are also increasing, not only if these vegetables and fruits sell well, fresh and delicious, but also hope that the vegetables in the body will be healthy and pollution-free, it is not harmful to the human body, especially for the latter, there are many people who will specially choose some with slight moth when buying this kind of goods. It is believed that such vegetables or fruits have not been sprayed with pesticides and are not harmful to the body after eating. From this, it can be seen that modern people pay more and more attention to the improvement of the quality of life, so how to use pesticides on melons, fruits and vegetables and how to use pesticides scientifically and rationally has become a more concerned issue for modern growers. Let's learn more about how to use pesticides scientifically.

Chlorothalonil: can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides such as stone sulfur, such as paspalum, Bordeaux liquid, stone sulfur mixture and so on.

Second, carbendazim: can be mixed with general fungicides, but mixed with pesticides and acaricides, should not be mixed with alkaline agents.

3. 64% germicidal alum: it is made from the mixture of oxalaxyl and mancozeb, which has internal absorption, conductivity and contact, and the control of downy mildew and white rust is stable to crops and is not easy to produce live drug harm, and all kinds of crops have high drug resistance to germicidal alum and will not cause drug harm. Germicidal alum and agricultural streptomycin are forbidden in cucumber seedling stage.

4. Oxalaxyl: it has high control effect on downy mildew pathogenic bacteria, has protective and therapeutic effects, and lasts for a long time. When mixed with mancozeb, its control effect is higher than that mixed with germicidal Dan and copper preparation, such as 64% evil frost manganese zinc wettable powder (detoxification alum).

5. Tomato gray leaf spot can be fumigated with 15% gram carbendazim fumigant (Chlorothalonil) for every 667 square meters.

6. How to use drugs to control tomato leaf mildew: (1) broad-spectrum fungicides such as chlorothalonil (Dakening), promethazone (isobarbazide), methyl topiramine and so on. The advantages of this kind of medicine are: wide disease prevention spectrum, safety, low price and good prevention effect. The disadvantage is that the treatment effect is poor. Therefore, it should be used before the onset of the disease, or in conjunction with drugs with outstanding therapeutic effects. (2) azoles, such as nitrile clozole (Xiansheng), flucloclozole (Teflon), difenoconazole (Shigao), etc., have the advantages of remarkable therapeutic effect, low dosage, strong internal absorption and long effective period, but the disadvantage is that the dosage will inhibit crop growth. If the continuous use of drugs for more than three times, it is likely to cause tomato leaves to become smaller, hardened, brittle, blackened and so on, so it should be used with caution, especially in the period of low temperature in winter, except Shigao. When using this kind of agents, it can be combined with some growth regulators, such as brassinolide (Shi Dayuan, Yunda 120, etc.), cytokinin, etc., in order to reduce the side effects of inhibiting tomato growth. (3) antibiotics, such as Chunleimycin, Polyantimycin, Nongkang 120, etc., these agents have the advantages of safety, broad spectrum, strong internal absorption, outstanding preventive effect, but poor therapeutic effect. Based on the characteristics of the above agents, the following drugs should be used when using agents to control tomato leaf mold: when the leaves are free of disease spots or the incidence rate is less than 5%, broad-spectrum fungicides, or Shigao, or antibiotic fungicides can be selected, or mixed use. When the incidence is higher than 5% and has a tendency to spread, azole fungicides should be selected. Of course, it needs to be used with plant growth regulators such as brassinolide and cytokinin. When the disease is particularly serious, azole agents can be mixed with broad-spectrum agents or antibiotics for comprehensive prevention and treatment.

7. Amisida: azoxystrobin, the germicidal spectrum of azoxystrobin is very broad, and it is effective against most of the pathogens in four types of pathogenic fungi: ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, half-knowns and oomycetes. One drug to treat multiple diseases is a prominent feature of amiceda, which is different from the existing fungicides with high activity. At present, the resistance of bacteria to amiceda is weak. Its strongest advantage is its preventive and protective effect, not its therapeutic effect.

Its preventive and protective effect is ten to dozens of times that of ordinary protective fungicides, and its therapeutic effect is almost no different from that of ordinary internal inhalation therapeutic fungicides. Therefore, in order to give full play to the effect of amiceda, it must be used before or in the early stage of the disease. When amiceda is used in the serious period, the disease prevention effect will not be significantly different from that of other internal inhalation fungicides. In order to give full play to the role of amiceda in disease prevention and yield increase, according to the local experience, it is the most suitable to use amiceda in the following three periods: first, in the seedling bed; second, in the early stage of flowering; third, in the early stage of fruit growth. Sufficient spraying water is also an important factor to ensure the effect of Amicida. In Shouguang, a 50-60 meter long greenhouse should be sprayed at least 4 sprayers (120 jin) at the adult stage (tomato, cucumber, eggplant, sweet pepper), and 80 meters long greenhouse should be sprayed with 6-7 sprayers. The concentration of each spray is 1500 times (1 packet of amicida per sprayer). The interval of each spray is 10-15 days, 2-3 times in a row. Amisida is usually used alone, so we must pay attention to it.

Eight, can kill: belong to copper hydroxide, trade name also known as crown fungus copper, Feng Huan, blue shield and so on. It can be used to control bacterial diseases in vegetables. Because of its strong protective effect, it can be used to control fungal and oomycete diseases before the disease. Because it is inorganic copper and alkaline, it can only be mixed with organic fungicides with stable structure, such as chlorothalonil and so on. It cannot be mixed with acidic drugs. It is also not suitable to mix drugs containing metal ions and foliar fertilizer. The mixture of thiophanate, thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and dimethomyl should not be mixed, and the colloid damage phenomena such as sedimentation and condensation after mixing should also be avoided. If it is not yet clear, the test should be done before determination, so as to avoid a drug damage.

9. Dysen zinc: it can control diseases caused by many kinds of fungi, but it has poor effect on powdery mildew. Control tomato early blight, late blight, spot blight, leaf mold, anthracnose, gray mold, eggplant cotton blight, brown stripe, etc., pay attention to cucurbitaceae vegetables are sensitive to zinc, the concentration should be strictly controlled, should not be too high.

Ten. Bensen zinc: it is a broad-spectrum and quick-acting protective fungicide. Another name is Antaisheng. To control downy mildew of Chinese cabbage, downy mildew of cucumber and early and late blight of tomato, Zinc Bensen is a protective fungicide, which must be sprayed before or during the initial period of the disease. Should not be mixed with copper preparations and alkaline agents.

11. Frost urea cyanide: the action mechanism and characteristics are mainly to prevent the spore germination of pathogenic bacteria and to kill the bacteria in the invading host. It has the effects of protection, treatment and internal suction, and is effective against downy mildew and blight. The efficacy period of frost urea cyanide is short, which can be prolonged when mixed with protective fungicides such as propicin zinc. Suitable for cucumbers, grapes, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes and so on. Prevention and control of downy mildew and blight.

12. Enylmorpholine: other Chinese name: Anke is widely used in the prevention and control of diseases caused by flagellate oomycetes, such as vegetable downy mildew, blight, seedling sudden drop disease, tobacco black shank and so on. Without considering the drug resistance of pathogenic fungi, the efficacy is higher than that of metalaxyl, urea cyanide, aluminum ethyl phosphate, oxalaxyl and so on. There is a high risk of resistance when used alone, so it is often used in combination with mancozeb and other protective fungicides to delay the emergence of resistance.

13. Metalaxyl: mainly prevent and cure Phytophthora, millet white disease is effective. When the drug is used for a long time, the bacteria are easy to produce resistance. Other names are Apron, Prophylaxis, Trichoderma, Ruidu Cream, Metalaxan, Redomir, ampicillin. Internal absorption fungicide has protective and therapeutic effects, has two-way conductivity, lasts for 10-14 days, and soil treatment lasts for more than 2 months. It is applicable to many kinds of crop downy mildew caused by downy mildew, Phytophthora and rot, and timely spraying protection in the early stage of the disease of melons and vegetables. It can choose 1000 times of metalaxyl wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder, 40% aluminum ethyl phosphate wettable powder, 64% poison alum M8 wettable powder and 77% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row.

Fourteen, pentachloronitrobenzene main: pentachloronitrobenzene also known as soil powder. To be used for soil and seed treatment. It has a good control effect on many kinds of vegetable seedling diseases and soil-borne diseases. Mixing pentachloronitrobenzene with 50% thiram wettable powder, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 1L and then mixing seeds or soil treatment can expand the types of disease prevention and improve the control effect. When it is used for soil treatment, in case of heavy clayey soil, the dosage should be increased appropriately to ensure the efficacy. However, tomato seedlings, onions and lettuce are sensitive to pentachloronitrobenzene, and excessive amounts are easy to cause drug damage, so it is necessary to be cautious in increasing the dosage, and the seedling bed should be sprayed with more water after application to prevent drug damage.

15. Bromofenitrile: the use is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency and low-toxic fungicide, which can inhibit and eradicate the growth of fungi, bacteria and algae, has a good control effect on crop diseases, and has a special effect on anthrax. Widely used in fruit trees, grapes, vegetables, cotton, peanuts, watermelons, tobacco, tea trees, flowers and other crops, control anthracnose, scab, powdery mildew, rust, blight, quenching, root rot, canker, bacterial wilt, corner spot and other fungal and bacterial diseases. The application mode is flexible, and foliar spray, seed treatment and soil root irrigation all show good control effect. It is also suitable for killing algae in lake environment, improving the water quality of fishing ponds, anti-corrosion and anti-virus of textiles, leather, etc.

Sixteen. Germicidal Dan: a broad-spectrum protective fungicide. Fendan has good preventive and protective effect on many kinds of vegetables, such as downy mildew, leaf spot and so on. To control downy mildew and powdery mildew of melons and other vegetables, early blight and late blight of potatoes and tomatoes, spray 500-600 times with 50% wettable powder. (1) it should not be mixed with EC and oil of alkaline and insecticide. (2) when the concentration of tomato is on the high side, it is easy to cause drug damage, so we should be careful when dispensing medicine.

Aluminum triethyl phosphate: alias Aluminium Ethyl Phosphate, Phytophthorin, Phytophoretin. Ethyl aluminum phosphate is a kind of organophosphorus internal absorption fungicide, which has protective and therapeutic effects. It has a good effect on frost, blight and mildew, and it is widely used in fruit trees. at the same time, it has a special effect on tobacco black shank, so it is widely used in southern tobacco. But at present, the current market awareness of the product is not high enough and its application is not wide enough, which is all due to the lack of promotion, but as far as the product is concerned, the product belongs to a low-residual organophosphorus fungicide, which can be absorbed and transmitted up and down. the efficacy is remarkable, and it is a product with great market potential. At present, due to the fact that aluminum triethyl phosphate is widely used for export, coupled with the limited manufacturers, the sales of this product is relatively small in the domestic market. This product can be transmitted up and down in crops, apple blight rot is more serious, the effect is good, but the early application of bagging is not safe to the fruit surface, easy to cause flower face, so it is difficult for fruit growers to accept.

The above summarizes the tips for the use of 17 common pesticides, including those specifically for vegetables, melons and fruits, and drugs specifically aimed at certain pests or certain types of bacteria, which should be targeted when used. do not abuse drugs, overdose.