Fertilizer and water management of jujube soil

Soil fertilizer and water management is the basis of ensuring the growth and development of jujube and high yield of early fruit. only scientific soil fertilizer and water management can promote the growth of root system and improve the ability of absorbing, synthesizing and transporting water and nutrients by roots. improve and enhance the nutritional status of the tree, promote the growth of the aboveground part of the tree, and achieve the goal of high yield and high quality. The soil, fertilizer and water management of jujube can be summarized as "three fertilizers, three water and three loosening soil". The "three fertilizers" one is the base fertilizer, which is generally applied in late September after the harvest of mid-mature varieties such as Jinsi jujube or before the harvest of late-maturing varieties such as winter jujube, when the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the leaves still have high photosynthetic efficiency, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic nutrients; base fertilizer is based on rotten ring manure, barnyard manure and other organic fertilizer, which can be mixed with an appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus quick-acting fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer should first be mixed with organic fertilizer to improve fertilizer efficiency. The second is topdressing, which can be applied before germination, flowering and young fruit stage at the end of May and the first and middle of July, with available nitrogen fertilizer as the main topdressing before sprouting, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer at flowering stage, and compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as the main fertilizer in young fruit stage. Third, foliar fertilizer spraying, growing season combined with spraying leaf fertilizer, simple and easy, labor-saving, less fertilizer, quick effect. The common types and concentrations of foliar fertilizer spraying are: urea 0.3%, ammonium sulfate 0.2%, ammonium phosphate 0.5%, ammonium phosphate 0.5%, zinc sulfate 0.3%, ferrous sulfate 0.3%, borax 0.5%, borax 0.7%, calcium superphosphate 2.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%. The first is sprouting water. Watering jujube before germination can promote root growth and nutrition absorption and transportation. jujube can germinate 5-7 days earlier, which is beneficial to jujube head and jujube hanging growth and flower bud differentiation, make flower organ development strong, improve flowering quality, and promote fruit setting and young fruit development. The second is to help flower water, jujube florescence is very sensitive to moisture, in the event of drought, often lead to a large number of scorched flowers falling off, affecting fruit setting, soil watering or crown spraying at the early flowering stage can increase soil and air moisture, which is conducive to pollen germination and fertilization, improve fruit setting rate and promote fruit development. Third, fruit-promoting water, early July, when jujube young fruit rapid growth stage, combined with topdressing irrigation can promote cell division and growth, promote fruit expansion. First, ploughing the soil, ploughing the soil at the end of autumn or early spring can increase the air permeability of the soil, increase the soil temperature, benefit the development of the root system, and improve the ability of the root system to absorb fertilizer and water; ploughing in early winter can also store precipitation and help to eliminate overwintering pests; the ploughing depth is 15cm to 30cm, and it should be shallow around the tree, so as not to hurt the big root. Second, ploughing, weeding, loosening the soil and preserving soil moisture, in the growing season, especially after rainfall and watering, hoe the jujube orchard soil in time, the depth is 6cm to 10cm, and remove weeds, it can reduce the competition of weeds for water and nutrients, make the soil loose and reduce evaporation. promote soil microbial activities and increase soil fertility. Third, intercropping green manure cutting and covering green, intercropping green manure can economically use the land, save weeding manpower, and provide organic fertilizer with fast fertilizer effect; the root system of green manure remains in the soil and can improve the soil; and planting green manure can cover the ground, play the role of wind prevention and sand fixation, soil and water conservation, and the green manure suitable for jujube orchard intercropping are beans, vetch, cyanine, sweet clover, alfalfa and so on.