Technical opinions on protected cultivation of Hami Melon in Spring

Cantaloupe can be called high-quality melon, crisp and sweet, rich in nutrition, good economic benefits, and the planting area is expanding year by year. However, Hami melon has poor disease resistance, and the planting difficulty is higher than that of watermelon and general thick-skinned melon. In order to ensure the high and stable yield of growers and meet the needs of consumers, suggestions on high-yield and high-quality green cultivation techniques of Hami melon in spring are provided for reference. 1. The suitable variety of cantaloupe "Dongfang Mi No. 1" is the first choice for protected cultivation of Hami melon in early spring. "Dongfang Mi No. 2" and "9818" varieties can also be planted in spring, and experienced melon farmers can also appropriately plant "Xianguo" and "Xuelihong" varieties. 2. Sowing and raising seedlings 1. Sowing time: generally sowing from late January to the first and middle of February, the seedling period is about 30 days. 2. Nutrition bowl making and sowing. The nutrition bowl is made of clay bowl or plastic bowl with a diameter of 8-10cm and a height of 8-10cm. The preparation of nutritious soil is generally taken from the surface soil of paddy fields that have not planted watermelons, melons and other cucurbitaceae and eggplant crops for many years, as well as fully composted pig manure and cake fertilizer. The materials are evenly mixed, stacked and sifted 2 months before use. Disinfect the nutritious soil 7 days before sowing, mix 30% of the seedling bacteria into a bag of 30% of the nutritious soil (20 grams) according to every 200mur250 kg of nutritious soil; you can also mix 6 Mel 8 grams of 50% dimethazone powder for every 100 kg of nutritious soil. 3. Seed treatment and germination. The seeds prepared for sowing are removed from impurity and inferior, and then treated by drying. Soak the seeds with thiophanate methyl or carbendazim 600 times and sterilize for 15 minutes, remove and rinse in clean water. Then soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water, stir to 30 ℃, let them soak for 4 hours, remove the moisture from the seed coat, wrap the seeds in layers with clean gauze, and place them at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ and 32 ℃ (small amounts can be placed in the underwear pocket). The seeds can be sown after budding 24Mel for 30 hours. 4. Seedling raising and nursery bed management. Nursery bed nutrition bowl discharge should be close, high and low consistent, electric heating line should be heated in advance 2 to 3 days before sowing, then sow one seed per bowl, seed flat, bud foot down, cover seed mud about 1 cm thick and sterilized in time after sowing, cover it with a layer of plastic film to prevent water evaporation, and finally cover with plastic film. The management of the seedling bed is centered on mastering the temperature. Before emergence, the bed temperature should be airtight and unventilated, and the bed temperature should be kept at 30,000C. Once 70% of the buds are unearthed, the plastic film should be removed. If the seedlings are found to have a cap (due to shallow sowing), they should be removed manually in the morning when the air is humid and the seed shell is soft. Proper attention should be paid to ventilation and ventilation after the buds are unearthed, and the greenhouse temperature should be reduced to 20 Mel 25 degrees. When the true leaves of seedlings appear, it is beneficial to cultivate strong seedlings by properly raising the greenhouse temperature to 25 ~ 28 degrees and widening the temperature difference between day and night. If the pot soil is too dry and needs to be watered, it should be carried out one bowl at a time, and be careful not to wet the seedling leaves and cause diseases. After the two true leaves of the seedlings are flattened, the temperature of the seedling bed can be gradually reduced to 12 degrees at night, uncover the film and ventilate, and exercise before planting. Third, field preparation 2.1, field block selection: paddy fields with high and cool terrain, deep soil layer, good fertility conditions and no melon planting in the past 5 years should be selected. 2.2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. The soil in the greenhouse was turned deep into the sun in time after the previous crop harvest, combined with the plot in winter, and the whole tillage layer was fully fertilized at one time. 1500ml 2000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer and 25 kg of superphosphate, or 150 kg of cake fertilizer, 40 kg of compound fertilizer and 25 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu. 2.3. Land preparation: planting the border in the protected field should take the north-south direction. In a greenhouse 6 meters wide, the width of the border is about 2.5 meters, with a ditch 30 to 40 centimeters wide in the middle. The border surface is tortoise-shaped, three ditches are matched, and the ditch outside the shed should be deep, so that the rain stops and the water is dry. In order to prevent excessive humidity in the greenhouse, increase diseases, and avoid water accumulation causing fruit cracking. 2.4. Build the greenhouse and cover the plastic film: 15-20 days before transplanting, build the greenhouse and cover the film. The plastic film should be covered completely one week before transplanting, so as to improve the soil temperature. 4. The planting time is generally in the first ten days of March, the seedling age is about 30 days, and the seedlings can be transplanted when there are 3.5 true leaves. Planting density: about 600 plants per mu, choose in cold tail and warm head weather. 5. Greenhouse management after planting. 1. Temperature management: after cantaloupe planting, the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept at 27 ~ 30 degrees during the day and not less than 20 degrees at night. Pay attention to ventilation and cooling after slowing down seedlings. During the vegetative growth period before flowering, the temperature is 25 degrees 30 degrees during the day and 15 degrees at night. During the fruit expansion period, the temperature is kept at 27 degrees 30 degrees during the day and 15 degrees at night. During the mature period, it is 28 degrees 30 degrees during the day and no less than 15 degrees at night. During the vegetative growth period, the temperature difference between day and night is required to be 10 ~ 13 degrees, and 15 degrees after fruit setting. 2. Fertilizer and water management: soil cultivated Hami melon is generally irrigated with proper amount of live water during transplanting, and the fruit expansion period is properly matched with fertilizer and water to promote fruit expansion, applying 10-15 kg compound fertilizer or 10 kg BB fertilizer per mu. 3, pruning: generally use double vines to prune, 4 true leaves to pick the heart; choose to leave two strong vines with the same growth, and the rest to be removed in time, leaving one in section 9-12 to leave two well-developed sun vines, and two leaves to pick the heart behind the vines, the second batch of melons can sit in 20-22 knots, and the vines top at about the 25th leaf. 4. Pollination and fruit retention: artificial pollination should be used to increase the fruit setting rate, and hormones such as Zuoguoling are not recommended so as not to affect the fruit type and quality. Artificial pollination selection is carried out at 7-9 a.m., when the young fruit grows to the size of an egg, fruit should be thinned in time, leaving 2 melons per plant in each batch. 5. Disease and pest control: give priority to prevention and comprehensive control. Measures such as high border cultivation and plastic film covering all the ground in the greenhouse were adopted to control the humidity in the greenhouse and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, we should be diligent in inspection, strengthen management, find diseases and pests, and timely select biological and high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides for prevention and control. Special attention should be paid to the occurrence of diseases such as vine blight, bacterial angular spot, downy mildew and powdery mildew during the growth and development of Hami melon. 5.1 vine blight: keep the stem base dry; prune strictly, apply medicine to man-made wounds in time; check carefully and use medicine in time at the beginning of the disease. Prevention and treatment: mix the same amount of disinfectant alum and methyl topiramate with water to form a paste, in which an appropriate amount of agricultural streptomycin can be added to coat the wound and the affected area for 2 or 3 times. 5.2 fungal leaf blight: before or at the initial stage of the disease, spray with 70% mancozeb 500 × 1000 times; 50% carbendazim 800 × 800 times; 50% thiram 500 × 800 times. Prevention and control measures of bacterial angular spot: 4000 times of agricultural streptomycin can be used at the initial stage of the disease, or 77% of the solution can be used to avoid high temperature spray, and agricultural streptomycin can be used to prevent drug damage when melon seedlings are tender. 5.4 measures for prevention and control of downy mildew: at the initial stage of the disease, 52.5% Yikuangjing dispersible granules 2000 × 1000 times, or 25% Amisi up to 1500 times, or 72% Klu 750 × 800 times, or 72.2% Prike 800mm 1000 times solution can be sprayed alternately for 3 times. When the humidity in the shed is high, it can also be fumigated with 20% pertustic fumigant. 5.5 Bemisia Tabaci control: the control of whitefly should be early and small. Once the insect situation is found, biological and high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides should be selected in time. Do daily observation, careful identification, timely symptomatic medication. Control method: when the insect situation is first discovered, use 0.5% methylaminoavermectin benzoate (green card) 1500 × 2000 times liquid; or use 5% Tongthorn microemulsion (acetamiprid) 800 × 1000 times liquid; or use 25% Aktai 5000 × 6000 liquid and other medicament spray, if you still need to control the disease at this time, you can also use chlorothalonil fumigation plus dichlorvos fumigation. 6. Post-management. 6.1 Prevention of premature senility: before the fruit stops expanding in the later stage of plant growth, combined with the use of expanded melon fertilizer, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for foliar spraying, which is beneficial to prolong the photosynthetic function of leaves and improve fruit quality. 6.2 Fruit management: in the fruiting stage, measures such as cushioning and turning melons should be taken to prevent cracking and rotten melons and improve the yield and quality of Hami melons. 7. suitable harvest time: fruit ripening can usually be judged according to fruit development period, fruit stalk tendril shape, and fruit setting node leaf shape. Generally, the fruit of "Dongfang Mi No. 1" develops for 40 days, "Xue Li Hong" for 45 days, and "Xianguo" for 55 days. When the leaves or stalk tendrils in the node position of the fruit are normally scorched, it indicates that the fruit is about to mature.