Formation and cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

Among Lentinus edodes, flower mushrooms have the best quality and the highest economic value. Because it has the characteristics of thick cap, beautiful appearance, white radiant or chrysanthemum-shaped cracks, delicate meat, rich flavor, rich nutrition and so on, it is deeply loved by consumers in domestic and foreign markets. At the same time, it is also the most competitive one of the similar products of Lentinus edodes.

First, the reasons for the formation of Flower Mushroom. Pleurotus ostreatus is formed under special climatic conditions, especially in high altitude areas, when the temperature is low in winter, the air is dry, and the difference between temperature and humidity is large. Any variety of Lentinus edodes can form flower mushrooms as long as it has the above specific environmental conditions. The cracks on the surface of Pleurotus ostreatus cover are caused by the asynchronous division and growth of the cells on the surface. The outermost surface cells of the cap divide and grow slowly under the condition of low temperature at night and dry air during the day. On the other hand, the internal mycelium cells divide and grow vigorously under the condition of suitable water and temperature. As a result, the surface cells burst and split to form a white pattern.

Second, the environmental conditions of Pleurotus ostreatus formation. The formation of Pleurotus ostreatus is affected by many environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, temperature difference, humidity difference, light and so on.

1. Temperature. Most of the cultivars of Pleurotus ostreatus belong to low temperature type or medium to low temperature type. The low temperature range of primordium differentiation and fruiting body development is 5-15 ℃ and 5-18 ℃, respectively. The ideal mushroom can be formed when the average monthly temperature is 8-10 ℃ and the temperature difference between day and night is more than 10 ℃. In the later stage of fruiting body growth, the temperature difference between day and night is more than 14 ℃ for 3-4 days, and flower mushroom can also be formed. The greater the temperature difference is and the longer the duration is, the more obvious the crack is.

2. Humidity. Humidity is the key condition for the formation of Pleurotus ostreatus. Humidity includes three aspects: water content of bacterial bag culture material, air relative humidity and humidity of cultivation site. The water content of culture material is better than that of conventional bag planting method. In general, the ratio of material to water is 0.80-0.9, which should not exceed 1:1. The air relative humidity of the mushroom shed is less than 70%, and 55-60% is the best, and most of them can form flower mushrooms. The ground water evaporation of the cultivation site is small, and the relative humidity above and below is under the same dry condition, which is beneficial to the formation of Pleurotus ostreatus.

3. Light. The effect of light on the formation of Pleurotus ostreatus, one is to directly affect the color of the cap and the length of the stalk, the other is to indirectly increase the temperature, reduce the humidity and accelerate the drying of the epidermis of mushroom buds. The phenomenon of small cover, long stalk, thin meat and light color will appear after the mushroom bud is formed in the dark, so it is difficult to form flower mushroom. Properly increasing light is beneficial to the formation of flower mushroom, and the shading condition should be changed from traditional cultivation of three yang and seven yin to four yang and six yin or five yang and five yin, and even full light cultivation of mushroom in severe winter.

4. Ventilation. While increasing the temperature difference, keeping the air dry and providing proper light, coupled with a dry breeze (level 1-3), it can deepen the cracks in the lid and keep the cracks white.

Third, the selection of the site and the setting of the mushroom shed. Generally, in the high-altitude mountain areas above 800 meters, in late autumn and winter, the air temperature is low, the air is dry, and the temperature and humidity difference is large, which is the best natural environment for the formation of flower mushrooms. While making use of the advantages of the natural environment, choose the mountain or flat land with ventilation, sunny, dry and close to the water source as the place to cultivate flower mushrooms. A mushroom shed is set up on the mushroom farm, which is more than 2 meters high, surrounded by bamboo and wood, with fir branches or branches with more leaves and less leaves as shade, and surrounded by small bamboo, Reed, sugarcane leaves, etc., with four yang and six yin as the appropriate shade. There is a shelf-type mushroom rack in the shed, each with 4-5 layers, most of which are 5 layers. the roof is fixed with bow-shaped bamboo and covered with thin film, and the thin film hanging around the mushroom rack can rise and fall flexibly. When the temperature is on the low side, the film will be lowered, leaving only the bottom part of the ventilation. When the weather is fine, the film will rise, it can be ventilated and ventilated, and dampness can be reduced and drained. Trailing beans (cowpeas, four-season beans, etc.) and melons (towel gourd, cucumber, wax gourd, etc.) have been planted around the mushroom shed since March, which can not only improve economic benefits, but also create an ecological environment in which Lentinus edodes and crops benefit each other.

Fourth, the production of bacterial bags and the selection of strains. The inoculation period is mostly in early spring, usually from February to April, and from September to April of the following year. The formula of culture material is basically the same as that of conventional bag cultivation, and the commonly used ones are: ⑴ sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%. ⑵ sawdust 77%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%, urea 0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%. The ratio of material to water is 0. 8-0. 9, which should not exceed 1:1. The loading should be tight. Generally, each bag of wet material weighs 2-2.2 kg. The selected strains are low temperature type or medium to low temperature type, with low water content, large cap, thick meat, short stalk, big leaf type, such as 135, 908 and so on.