Anti-season cultivation techniques of Pleurotus eryngii at high altitude

Pleurotus eryngii is also called snow paste. Fleshy meat, delicious taste and high oligosaccharide content. Taking advantage of the climate advantage of cool autumn and early arrival in high mountain areas, our county has demonstrated and cultivated more than 1 million bags of this variety in Chengyuan Township, Zhenqian Town and Yangyuan Township (with an average elevation of more than 800m). The mushroom emergence period is about one month earlier than that in the plain area (about 200m above sea level). The product sales are very good, and the average price of fresh mushrooms is 100.12 yuan / kg, with obvious economic and social benefits. The summary is as follows:

L. Morphological characteristics.

1.1Fruit body solitary or grouped, the mushroom cover is wide 4~6cm, initially round, then flattened, slightly depressed in the middle, funnel-shaped in the later stage, grayish brown after maturity, the cover margin is rolled, the flesh is white, with almond flavor.

1.2.The pleats are downward spreading, milky white, stalk white, length 5~15cm, lateral, also mesophytic, stout, apex thin, medium-solid, fleshy, fibrous, sterile ring.

2. Physiological characteristics.

2.1.The temperature is an important factor to determine the growth and development of Pleurotus eryngii, and it is also the key to stable production. The mycelial growth temperature is 22: 25 ℃, the bud formation temperature is 10: 18 ℃, the optimum temperature is 12: 15 ℃, the fruiting body development needs 8 ℃, the optimum temperature is 12-16 ℃, lower than 8 ℃, the fruiting body is difficult to differentiate, higher than 29 ℃. The fruiting body is easy to die.

2.2 humidity because it is not suitable to spray water on the mushroom body during cultivation, and the water is mainly supplied by the culture material, so the water content of the culture material is 65%-70%, which is more suitable for the occurrence and growth of the fruiting body: the relative humidity in the fruiting body formation stage is 90%-95%. The growth stage requires 85%-90%.

2.3 the light line mycelium growth stage does not need light, in the dark condition, the mycelium growth rate is faster; the fruiting body formation and development need scattered light, the light is too strong, the mycelium becomes black, the light is too dark, the cap becomes white, and the stalk is longer.

2.4 in the empty mycelium growth stage, the air is not strict, and carbon dioxide can stimulate and promote the mycelium growth. On the other hand, the formation of primordia and the growth of fruiting bodies require sufficient oxygen.

2.5 pH value pH4~8, the optimum pH is 6.5 ~ 7.5, the pH value is below 4 or above 8, so it is difficult to produce mushrooms.

3. Cultivation techniques.

3.1 cultivation material formula: sawdust 30%, cotton husk 45%, wheat bran 22%, calcium carbonate 1%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 1%.

3.2 if the cultivation is arranged in the mountain area above 800m above sea level, the bag inoculation should be arranged in the first and middle of August and harvested from the middle of October to April of the following year.

3.3 there are many strains of Pleurotus eryngii, which can be divided into three types.

① thick long type: fruiting body thick and long, individual large, concentrated, high yield, but loose mushroom body; ② slender type: fruiting body slender, strong flesh, good quality, low yield; ③ bowling ball type: fruiting body like vase and bowling ball, high yield and long mushroom production time. Strains should be selected according to market requirements to meet the needs of customers.

17cmX33cm polypropylene corner bags are used to make cultivation bags, each bag is filled with wet material 0.8~0.85kg, the material is filled with high 13~15cm, the material should be compacted and packed, sealed with sponge ring, sterilized under normal pressure, 100 ℃ sterilized for 12 hours, then cooled to the material temperature below 28C, start inoculation. After inoculation, choose a ventilated and cool environment and discharge 80-120 bags per square meter. The temperature during the inoculation period was controlled at 20-25 ℃.

When the temperature drops below 16C, open the bag, fold the bag mouth upside down to the material surface 5~6cm, cover the plastic film, increase the humidity of the mushroom room to 90%-95%, at the same time increase the scattered light stimulation, about 10 days, a large number of fruit bodies occur, at this time, it is necessary to remove the plastic film, sparse buds, each bag can keep 4% 5 mushrooms. And keep the mushroom room dark, making the fruiting body white and long.

3.6 timely harvest can be harvested when the mushroom cover is open and the spores have not yet ejected, generally 2-3 tide mushrooms.