Fertilizer and water management of wheat in spring

Watering fertilizer and water for jointing and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage can not only significantly increase protein content, but also be the key period to increase wheat yield. Therefore, fertilizer and water for jointing should be well used according to local conditions. The grain yield and protein content of wheat largely depended on the level of nitrogen supply during the development period. in the range of 16 kg pure nitrogen per mu, the grain protein content increased with the increase of nitrogen content. The fertilization method of "promoting ahead, controlling in the middle, and changing later" is adopted in fertilization, that is, 50% base fertilizer, 50% jointing and booting fertilizer, attacking grain weight and preventing premature senility. Under the condition of suitable soil moisture, for the plots with general soil fertility and suitable seedling conditions, the first watering in spring should be postponed to the early stage of jointing, so as to control the growth of ineffective tillers and the elongation of one or two nodes at the base of the stem in spring. Combined with watering, the standard nitrogen fertilizer per mu is about 30 kg. For the plots with high soil fertility and prosperous seedling conditions, the fertilizer and water can be postponed to the end of jointing stage. For the plots with poor soil fertility and weak seedling conditions, the first fertilizer and water in spring can be advanced to the starting stage.

The application of fertilizer and water in the middle and later stage after booting stage can not only reduce the degeneration of flowering stage and increase the number of grains per spike, but also increase the protein content of grain and improve the quantity and quality of gluten. In the middle and later stages of wheat growth, 5 kg-7 kg of urea per mu should be applied in combination with watering from the flag booting stage to the heading and flowering stage, or 2% rain 3% urea solution plus 0.3% color 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves at the flowering stage, spraying 50 kg-60 kg per 667 square meters. However, the fertilizer and water in this period should not be too late, the soil fertilization is not later than the flowering stage, and the foliar spraying is generally not later than the filling stage.

In the later stage, reasonable control of watering wheat milk ripening to harvest stage, proper control of watering can improve grain glossiness and cutin rate, significantly reduce "black embryo" phenomenon, increase grain protein content, and prolong dough stability time. Therefore, considering the synchronous optimization of yield and quality, watering times should be properly controlled in the late growth stage of wheat.