Cultivation and management techniques of early fruiting and high yield of green olive

Green olive, also known as yellow olive, is the olive family, olive genus, originated in China. Green olive is coarse and easy to manage, high yield, long life, and has high nutritional value and economic benefits. The cultivation and management techniques of early fruiting and high yield of green olive are introduced as follows:

First, choose a garden. Green olive has long life, strong adaptability, rough and easy to manage, and high yield. The requirements for soil are not very strict, but in the hilly sloping land with deep, loose, fertile soil, good drainage, slope less than 25 degrees and soil acidity PH value of 4.5-5.0, it is better to plant and grow, and it is more ideal if there is water and convenient transportation. The place with severe frost and heavy soil, low-lying land and easy waterlogging should not be selected as a garden.

Second, select improved varieties and cultivate strong grafted seedlings. As a cultivated variety, the improved varieties with early bearing and high yield must be selected, otherwise the production investment will be large and the income will be small. A high-yielding and excellent single plant is selected as the female parent tree, and the outer sunny branches with short internodes and strong disease-free insects are selected for the scion, but not the shady branches that are too vigorous or grow too long. The seedlings were raised with nutrition cup and tiles were added to the bottom of the bag to inhibit the deep growth of main roots and promote the growth of lateral roots. The grafted strong seedlings are required to have well-developed roots, no diseases and insect pests, and the trunk height is 50-70 cm.

Third, planting in a timely and rational manner. Choose nutrition cup seedlings and plant them before Qingming Festival to Grain Rain. Carefully remove the nutrition cup when planting and cut off the main root in order to prevent the main root from growing deeply. The planting density is determined according to the soil quality and site conditions. According to the current level of production management, it is generally appropriate to plant 18-22 plants per mu.

Fourth, dig holes to plant, turn deeply and expand holes. After digging holes to plant and fill the soil, it should be more than 10 centimeters above the ground, so as to avoid sinking in the rainy season causing stagnant water and rotting roots. Relatively dense in the mountains can be used to dig trenches, trench width of 1 meter, 60 centimeters deep, so it is not easy to accumulate water. After digging trenches, fill in enough organic fertilizer in layers to improve the fertility of the land. The relatively sparse ones can be planted in large holes, which are 1 meter long and 1 meter wide and 60 centimeters deep, and are also filled with organic fertilizer in layers. In winter every year, deep turning and expanding holes are carried out to bury the foundation fertilizer to improve the soil, cultivate developed roots and promote the growth of trees. The orchard loosens the soil and weeds 2-3 times throughout the year, keeping the tree plate loose and free of weeds, and the whole orchard is 3-5 inches deep in winter.

Fifth, fertilizer and water management. Fertilizer can be applied thinly 2 months after planting, mainly water and fertilizer, from light to thick. Generally, fertilizers are applied 4-5 times in the same year, and then every 3-10 months each year, each plant is fertilized with 20-50 jin of human feces, urine or rotten bean bran water, adding appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer, and ploughing and weeding frequently to promote the growth of young trees. The fruit tree was fertilized 2-3 times a year, the first time in February-March (before and after Rain Water), the quick effect fertilizer was applied to promote flowering and fruiting, and it was applied before and after the second fruit harvest to restore the tree potential and promote the growth and fullness of the fruiting mother branch. applying winter fertilizer for the third time from November to December, strong trees and promoting flower bud differentiation and keeping green leaves of green fruit-bearing mother branches through winter is one of the important links to achieve high yield.

Green olive is a semi-fleshy root, the root is deep and drought-resistant, avoid soiled water, water is easy to hurt the root in spring and summer, drainage should be done well, drought prevention and moisturizing should be done in autumn and winter. Young trees mainly do a good job of perennial cover to keep the soil moist; fruiting trees need more water during the period of shoot growth and heading from April to May, and it is easy to cause a large number of fruit drop in the period of fruit expansion. Timely irrigation or watering is necessary, and loose soil to cover weeds to keep the soil moist, which is conducive to fruit preservation.

Sixth, plastic surgery and pruning. The height of the trunk is 50-70 cm, and then three evenly distributed and robust new shoots are selected as the main branches, and the first and second branches are left with about 40 cm of coring or cutting, and the excess buds and buds below the grafting interface should be erased in time. In the future, shoots should be thinned and coring, and high-yielding crowns with short stems and short stems should be cultivated. If young trees have flower ears, they should be cut off as soon as possible to concentrate nutrients to expand the crown, and the fruiting trees should cut off withered branches, disease and insect branches, cross branches, over-dense branches and senescent branches after fruit harvest in autumn and winter.

Seventh, promoting flowers. For the overgrown trees which are put into production but not put into production, measures such as encircling, root cutting, water control and chemical regulation can be adopted to promote flower bud differentiation.

Eighth, protect flowers and fruits. In the flower bud stage, flowering stage and young fruit stage, nucleotide, guotralin and other fruit protectants were sprayed respectively, or 0.2% borax and 0.3% urea were sprayed to protect flowers and fruits and improve the fruit setting rate.

9. Disease and pest control. There are few diseases of green olive, and the main pests are filaments, leafhoppers, beetles, aphids, star room wood lice, longicorn beetle larvae and so on. Trichlorfon and panacea powder can be selected for control. In winter, the trunk and main branches were whitened with the residue of stone-sulfur mixture or whitening agent (1 part of lime, 1 part of water, 0.1 part of sulfur powder mixed with a small amount of salt) to protect the trunk from freezing, disease and insect pests.