Cultivation techniques of all kinds of cabbage

Kale picture

(1) cultivation of precocious cabbage

1. Sowing and raising seedlings

Cabbage in small arch shed was sown and raised seedlings in greenhouse, hotbed or improved sunny border from mid-late December to early and mid-January. Zhonggan 11, 83-98, Zhonggan 12 and Lukanl with strong winter character were used.

The nursery bed should prepare fertile and nutritious soil with good physical properties, irrigate thoroughly, and sow dry seeds. The sowing rate is 3~4g/m2. 0.5~0.8cm covered with soil. In order to prevent the occurrence of stunting disease, the soil was disinfected with 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 8~10g/m2 respectively after sowing and covering soil.

The seedling bed should be kept at 20: 25 ℃ after sowing, 15: 20 ℃ in daytime and 5: 8 ℃ at night after emergence, about 20 ℃ in daytime and 10 ℃ at night to facilitate root growth and cool down properly after slow seedling. 15: 20 ℃ in daytime and more than 8: 10 ℃ at night to prevent seedlings from vernalization caused by low temperature, leading to early bolting.

When the seedlings were divided into 4 leaves, the row spacing of the seedlings was square 10~12cm. The seedlings can be planted when they reach 6 to 8 leaves. Cooling and refining seedlings should be carried out 7 ~ 10 days before seedling emergence in order to slow down the seedlings and restore growth after planting.

2. Planting and management

During soil preparation, organic base fertilizer 5000kg and superphosphate 50kg were applied per mu, and the soil was leveled to make a bed. The border with a width of 1.4m was planted with 3 rows, the height of the shed was 0.5mm 0.7m, the height of the shed was 2m, 6 rows of cabbage were planted on the wide border, and the height of the shed was 0.8m and 1.3m.

In the first and middle of March, when the soil temperature of 10cm in the greenhouse reached 5 ℃, the plants were planted in holes, and the distance between plants was 30cm. A small amount of urea was applied as seed fertilizer in the holes, urea 7.5kg per mu, and watering immediately after planting. About 1 week after planting, slow seedling water was watered and a small amount of chemical fertilizer was applied. After seedling retardation, plastic film ploughing was selected on a sunny day, topdressing and watering began, and then water was watered after about 10 days. It is not ventilated within 1 week after planting, and the straw mat or paper is insulated at night when the temperature is low. After that, the greenhouse temperature was kept at 18: 20 ℃ during the day and about 10 ℃ at night. When the temperature was more than 25 ℃, the temperature was ventilated and cooled to prevent burning seedlings. 25-30 days after planting, a few plants were removed from the shed when they began to wrap their hearts, irrigated with small water 1-2 days before removal, and hoed once.

Cabbage cultivated in greenhouse was planted from late January to early February. From February to March, precocious cabbage can also be planted in the low places on all sides of the greenhouse.

(2) cultivation of spring cabbage

Spring cabbage is cultivated in open field and harvested after precocious cabbage.

1. Sowing and raising seedlings

Use early-maturing varieties with strong winter sex. In most parts of North China, the seeds were sown in the sunny border from the end of January to the beginning of February or in the greenhouse in early February, and the seedlings were divided into the sunny border, and sown in the greenhouse in the northeast or northwest in early February.

One week before sowing, the sunny beds were covered with plastic film, and every 10m2 or so, organic fertilizer l00~150kg and compound fertilizer 1~1.5kg were applied to the seedling bed of sunny beds. The bedding and covering soil of the seedling bed should be sterilized by spraying carbendazim or topiramate. Rake the border surface, pour the bottom water, after the water seeps down, sprinkle a thin layer of fine soil and sow dry seeds. 1m2 seedbed was seeded with 5g seed, covered with soil lcm after sowing, covered with plastic film to keep moisture, and sealed with soil to keep warm around the seedbed.