Balanced fertilization of winter rape in early winter season

(agricultural get Rich Network) the Beginning of Winter entered the solar terms on November 7, and "the Beginning of Winter" means the beginning of winter. Before and after the Beginning of Winter in most parts of China, the precipitation decreased significantly, the air became drier and the soil lost more water. Therefore, it is very important to preserve soil moisture and prevent drought in the planting areas of winter wheat and winter rape. The quality of soil moisture condition is closely related to the growth of crops at seedling stage and overwintering. Jiangxi agricultural proverb goes: "the Beginning of Winter rape Lesser Snow wheat"; everywhere, there is a saying that "after winter, ploughing the land can increase the nutrients in the soil." Rape is the only winter oil crop in China, and it is also a good stubble for land use. It has well-developed roots and secretes a large amount of organic acids, which can decompose and utilize the insoluble phosphorus in the soil. China is a big producer of winter rape, which is widely distributed in the provinces of the Yangtze River Basin and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Scientific fertilization is an important link for high yield, high quality and high efficiency of winter rape. Rape is a crop that needs more fertilizer, and it needs more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than rice, especially to phosphorus and boron. Nitrogen 8-11kg, phosphorus 3-5kg and potassium 8. 5-12.8kg are needed for each production of 100kg rapeseed. Under the condition of nitrogen deficiency, the rape plant was short, the branch was few, and the yield decreased. However, when there is too much nitrogen supply, it will also increase the protein in the grain and decrease the oil content, so it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer reasonably. Only balanced fertilization can keep the yield and oil content of rapeseed at a high level, while partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, will significantly reduce the oil content of rapeseed. From the current production, the rational application of phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizer can increase the oil content of rapeseed and improve the properties of fatty acids in oil. About the ingredient dosage and proportion of balanced fertilization in rape. Under the premise of making full use of organic fertilizer, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to soil fertility level and yield target is mainly to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Taking the suggestion of nutrient management in rape production in Hubei Province as an example, the recommended amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is as follows: yield level more than 200kg / mu: recommended application of nitrogen fertilizer (pure N) 11kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (pure P2O5) 4kg / mu, potash fertilizer (pure K2O) 7kg / mu, borax 1.0kg / mu In the fertilization period, due to the long growth period of rape, the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can improve the utilization rate. For this reason, to appropriately increase the number of fertilization, in addition to base fertilizer, but also to apply overwintering fertilizer, bud fertilizer and flower fertilizer; for direct seeding and interplanting rape needs to increase one-time seedling fertilizer in winter. The fractional application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer and increase the proportion of application in the growth period. Specific fertilization period: for transplanting rape: 60% of the total nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, 20% as wax fertilizer (50 days after transplanting), and 20% as bolting fertilizer (80 days after transplanting). For direct seeding rape: 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, 30% as seedling fertilizer (about 25-30 days after sowing), 15% as wax fertilizer (about 80 days after sowing), 15% as bolting fertilizer (about 110 days after sowing), 60% of the total potash fertilizer as base fertilizer, 30% as wax fertilizer (about 80 days after sowing), 10% as bolting fertilizer (about 110 days after sowing), and the rest was used as base fertilizer. At present, there is an important problem in production, base fertilizer should be applied deeply to promote the root growth of rape. Taking direct seeding rape as an example, it has obvious main root, the lateral root is distributed in all levels of the soil along the main root, and the lateral root is not developed enough. If fertilizer is only applied to the surface of the soil, the root system of rape (including the main root) will grow only on the surface of the soil and not deep, forming a "floating root", resulting in unstable rooting of rape and a decline in the ability to absorb soil water and fertilizer. and prone to seedling inversion, de-fertilization, drought and other phenomena. However, during the growth of winter rape, various natural disasters or adverse conditions are often encountered, such as the frozen snow disaster in early 2008, the drought in early 2009, and the adverse factors such as spring rain and wind when rape blossoms every year. as well as the overcast and rainy weather that may be encountered in the mature period, which are some limiting factors for rape production in China.