Protected cultivation techniques of thin-skinned muskmelon (Ⅰ)

(agricultural Wealth net) thin-skinned muskmelon facility cultivation has been carried out in Leting County since 2001, the production area is increasing year by year, and the economic benefit is remarkable, and summed up a set of high-yield cultivation techniques for hanging vines, which are introduced as follows for local reference.

I. Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization

Attention should be paid to the site selection of newly built greenhouses, simple greenhouses and greenhouses. Muskmelon is a light-loving crop. It is appropriate to choose leeward, sunny, well-drained, deep and fertile sandy loam soil. The pH value is 6.5-7.5, and the soil salinity is low. The previous stubble is preferably cereal, corn, sorghum, wheat stubble and so on. Good quality should be planted on this stubble, and melon stubble, cotton stubble and some vegetable stubble should be avoided to prevent muskmelon from serious diseases. If you can't adjust the stubble and plant on the bean stubble, you should pay attention to applying more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

After selecting the site, various types of sheds should be built before the coming of winter, and the soil should be turned over and fertilized in autumn. Generally combined with deep turning (30 cm 40 cm) mu with fully mature organic fertilizer 2000 kg 4000 kg, potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer 60 kg 100 kg, the soil and fertilizer are raked, mixed and leveled, the large row spacing of greenhouse and simple greenhouse is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm; the spring greenhouse is ridged according to the ridge spacing of 100 cm, and the ridge platform is 20 cm high, which is to be planted after buckle shed.

II. Variety selection

There are three criteria for variety selection: first, appearance, quality and market; second, high yield, adaptability and resistance; and third, requirements for growth environment and management level. The main varieties successfully planted in our county are Hongcheng No. 10, Hongcheng No. 15, Jingxiang No. 2, Yongtian 11, Saixue No. 8, Shengxue, Jiaoxue 5, Pengkang 518 and so on.

3. Determine the appropriate sowing time and planting period

The suitable sowing time should be determined according to the warming and heat preservation performance of the types of cultivation facilities, and on the basis of determining the planting time, the suitable sowing time should be selected. Generally, the suitable sowing time is about 40 days from the planting period, and the seedling age is from 3 leaves to 1 heart with 4 leaves. The suitable sowing time and planting period for the main facilities of Leting are shown in the table on the right:

4. Raising seedlings

Seedling raising can be divided into conventional seedling raising method and grafting seedling raising method. The conventional seedling raising method is suitable for the new greenhouse with mild disease and not easy to die seedlings, while the grafting seedling method is suitable for continuous cropping production and can effectively prevent the occurrence of Fusarium wilt and other continuous cropping diseases, and the grafted rootstocks are yellow-seeded pumpkin or white-seeded pumpkin. The following is a brief introduction of conventional seedling raising methods as follows:

(1) preparation and sowing methods before sowing

1. Preparation of nutritious soil. Fertile aseptic soil 50%, fully mature high-quality organic fertilizer 40%, fine slag or sawdust 10%, mixed evenly sifted. The above nutritious soil generally does not need to add chemical fertilizer, such as the poor quality of soil and organic fertilizer, and 1 kg of diammonium phosphate dissolved in water can be added per cubic meter, in order to prevent diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage, 50% carbendazim 200g and 50% phoxim 1000 times liquid can be sprayed into the nutritious soil to sterilize and kill insects.

two。 The preparation of the seedling bowl. When raising seedlings, the nutrient soil can be loaded directly into the seedling bowl, and then the nutrition bowl can be placed in the seedling bed, poured enough water to increase temperature, ready to sow seeds.

3. Disinfect the seedling shed. 7-10 days before seedling raising, smoke shed with chlorothalonil and aphid fumigant for one day and night, and then release air and exhaust gas to prepare for sowing.

4. Seed treatment and germination. (1) seed drying: 2-3 days before sowing, put the seeds in a sunny place for one day, and often turn the seeds, which can play the role of sterilization, breaking dormancy and enhancing seed vigor.

(2) soaking seeds in cold water: soak the dried seeds in 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ cold water for 1 hour to make the seeds absorb water slowly and prevent the germination rate from being affected by shell explosion by soaking seeds in high temperature water.

(3) seed soaking: after soaking, remove and control the clean water, pour it into 3-4 times the amount of seed solution, soak for 4-6 hours, mix once every hour, so that the seeds receive medicine evenly. The commonly used agents are formalin, copper sulfate and carbendazim in 1000 times liquid.

(4) accelerating budding: the seeds soaked in medicine solution are washed with clean water and rubbed off the seed coat mucus, wrapped with a wet cloth, and placed under the condition of 25 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ to accelerate germination. In the process of accelerating germination, attention is often paid to filtering the seed buds with warm water of about 30 ℃. Generally, the buds can be evenly budded in 24 hours. When the buds grow to 2 ℃ ~ 3 mm, they are refined under the conditions of 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ to improve the adaptability of buds.