Common Diseases and Prevention of Dairy cows (1)

(agricultural get Rich Network) I. mastitis

Mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows. 20% to 60% of dairy cows have experienced mastitis. After breast inflammation, lactation decreases, milk deteriorates, and inflammation can eventually destroy breast tissue, making some or all of its breasts lose lactation function. Breast trauma, improper milking methods, unclean milking or delayed milking, coupled with unclean environment, lack of breast hygiene, and providing opportunities for microbial infections, can promote the occurrence of the disease. 80% to 90% of cases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcal infections, and feeding high-protein cattle is easy to occur. With the nature of inflammation can be divided into serous inflammation, catarrhal inflammation and fibrinous inflammation, red, swollen and hot pain in the breast, reduced lactation, but also systemic symptoms, delayed treatment will turn into chronic suppurative inflammation, most of which will cause breast induration and atrophy. One or more areas lose their lactation function, some can cause breast stricture or atresia due to mastitis, and some will cause secondary breast gangrene or death of infected cattle.

Treatment: 1. Cold compress can be used in the initial stage of redness, swelling, heat and pain. Hot compress can be carried out for 2 or 3 times in the later stage. 2. Intra-breast irrigation has a good effect on the treatment of all kinds of mastitis. Before rinsing, you should disinfect the nipples and squeeze the breasts as clean as possible. Each nipple should be rinsed with 1%-2% baking soda and then injected with antibiotics. 3. For suppurative mastitis, if the abscess is located in the superficial subcutaneous layer, the abscess should be cut and discharged as soon as possible. If the abscess is in the deep layer, the pus should be extracted with a syringe, and then injected with antibiotics.

Prevention: keep the enclosure and breast hygienic, correctly milking, strengthen feeding management.

2. Ketoemia

The disease is also known as ketosis. It is a disease caused by the accumulation of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, acetone and β-hydroxybutyric acid) in blood and tissue due to metabolic disorders of carbohydrates and volatile fatty acids. Most of them occur when they are lack of exercise and feed high-yield house-feeding cows rich in protein and fat. Due to metabolic disorders of sugar and fat, a large number of ketones accumulate in the body. At the same time, blood sugar decreased, blood lipids increased, resulting in a series of diseases. Most of them occur in high-yield dairy cows with good nutrition between 4 and 9 years old, and they often get sick one week after delivery. The main symptoms are loss of appetite, decreased body condition, reduced milk production; neurological symptoms are excited at first and then inhibited; in the later stage, nutritional exhaustion, weight loss, quadriplegia, lying on the ground can not afford, and sometimes semi-lethargy. The breath of diseased cattle and the smell of ketones (like the fragrance of chloroform) are found in milk and urine.

Treatment: 1. Blood sugar levels must be increased as soon as possible. To achieve this purpose, 25% 50% glucose 500ml was injected intravenously twice a day for 2 to 3 days. Sodium propionate, propylene glycol or glycerol can also be taken orally. 2. Intravenous injection of 3% sodium bicarbonate injection 300ml 500ml or 11.2% sodium lactate injection 250ml 500ml to relieve acidosis.

At ordinary times, it is necessary to strengthen feeding and management, ensure to meet the energy needs in various production conditions, reasonably match feed, and feed more sugar-rich feed and high-quality green (dry) grass and succulent feed. Cattle should be properly exercised and exposed to sunlight.

Third, relaxation of the anterior stomach

The disease is caused by delayed excretion of forestomach contents due to the decrease of forestomach contractility and excitability. It is mainly caused by improper feeding and management, such as sudden change of feed, improper preparation of feed, poor quality of feed and unclean drinking water. The appetite, ruminating and belching of the diseased cattle decreased or stopped, the milk yield decreased, the spirit was depressed, the rumen peristalsis weakened, and the belching smelly. Rectal examination or touch the rumen, feel full but not solid; body temperature and pulse are generally normal. A small number of acute cases can be cured after 2-4 days of fasting, but most of the cases will become chronic if not treated in time. The diseased cattle will gradually lose weight, stop lactation, deterioration of physical condition, exhaustion, lying on the ground and death.

Treatment: 1. Fasting for 1-2 days, combined with rumen massage to promote the recovery of rumen function. 2. The purpose of drug treatment is to stimulate rumen peristalsis (rumen stimulant), prevent abnormal fermentation (fermentation medicine), eliminate pathogenic contents (laxative), and promote appetite and ruminant recovery. 3. Rumen lavage plays an important role in the disease.

IV. Rumen accumulated food

Rumen accumulated food is a kind of acute disease in dairy cows, which is characterized by indigestion, accumulation of food mass in the rumen and glycolysis. Accumulated food caused by bean cereal concentrate feed often causes damage to the central nervous system, resulting in dehydration and acidosis, motor disorders, collapse and so on. After excessive intake of feed rich in starch and root tubers, it is decomposed by some Gram-positive bacteria in the rumen, such as Streptococcus bovis, to produce a large amount of organic acid, inhibiting or even killing ciliates that decompose and utilize cellulose and microorganisms that utilize lactate. it is an important cause of the disease. The absorption of lactic acid in the rumen leads to acidosis, and the stimulation of lactic acid to the rumen mucosa can lead to chemical rumen inflammation. The acute case occurs within 12 hours after feeding. The initial symptom is mental excitement and kicks the abdomen with the hind legs because of abdominal pain. After that, he was depressed, unwilling to walk, shortness of breath, often moaning, complete cessation of appetite, reduced drinking water, serious cases of stumbling gait, unstable walking, unclear vision, and not avoiding obstacles. When the course of the disease is extended to more than 48 hours, the sick cattle often lie on the ground and show postpartum paralysis, slow to respond to all kinds of diseases, and are lethargic. Most of them have symptoms of severe dehydration and acidosis, and can die within 72 hours if not treated.

Treatment: can be used to treat rumen relaxation, fasting and diarrhea, lavage to eliminate rumen contents combined with the use of rumen stimulants. Increase blood alkali storage and reduce autologous acidosis.