Common Diseases of Dairy cows and their Prevention and treatment (2)

(agricultural get Rich Network) 5. Production paralysis

Production paralysis, also known as milk fever, is a serious metabolic disease that suddenly occurs in cows before and after delivery. The disease mainly occurs in high-yield dairy cows within three days after delivery, mostly in 3-6 parturients. The supply of calcium and phosphorus in feed and the imbalance of intestinal absorption and endocrine function, coupled with the consumption of a large amount of calcium in fetal growth and milk secretion, the sharp decrease of blood calcium concentration is an important cause of this disease. It is characterized by loss of consciousness and quadriplegia, loss of appetite or abstinence at the beginning of the disease, ruminating, rumen peristalsis and defecation, cessation of urination, decreased milk production, depression and mild restlessness; there are also panic, mooing, fury and gaze after the emergence of restlessness. A few hours after the initial symptoms appeared, the cow was paralyzed to the ground, and soon showed inhibition of consciousness and loss of consciousness. The lying posture of sick cattle is special, that is, the limbs are bent under the body, the head is bent backward on one side of the chest or the head and neck is bent in the shape of "S". Hypothermia is another feature of the disease. If the disease is not treated in time, it can rarely be recovered, and most of them deteriorate within 12 to 24 hours, and eventually die of respiratory failure.

Treatment: 1. Restore blood calcium to normal level as soon as possible. Commonly used 20%-25% calcium borate gluconate injection (containing 4% boric acid) 500ml intravenous injection (time should not be less than 10 minutes), or 1000 ml of 10% calcium gluconate injection, or 5% calcium chloride 500ml intravenous injection. 2. Use the breast ventilator to pump air into the breast. Increase the pressure in the breast and reduce lactation to reduce calcium consumption in the body.

It is suggested that the diet with low calcium and high phosphorus should be fed 2 weeks before delivery to stimulate the function of parathyroid gland and promote the secretion of parathyroid gland so as to improve the ability of absorbing and using bone calcium. Feeding vitamin D and increasing the content of calcium and phosphorus in diet in time after delivery can reduce the incidence of the disease.

6. Uterine inflammation

Uterine inflammation is caused by improper care during or after delivery (such as improper midwifery), retention of placenta, prolapse of the uterus and infection during mating, resulting in inflammation of the uterine mucosa. Purulent catarrhal endometritis is an inflammation on the surface of the mucous membrane. Purulent secretions flow out of the uterus; pseudomembranous hysteritis is due to damage to the deep layer of the mucosa, and there is a fibrous exudate in the uterus, which can cause myometrium necrosis in severe cases. The sick cattle have obvious systemic symptoms, elevated body temperature, loss of appetite and depression. Chronic suppurative hysteritis is from acute transformation, there are generally no clinical symptoms, but affected cattle are irregular in estrus, some have estrus and ovulation, but repeated infertility, even if conceived, often miscarried in the early pregnancy, which has a great impact on cattle reproduction.

Treatment: stop the spread of infection, remove purulent secretions in the uterine cavity, improve uterine tension and uterine self-purification ability. First rinse with liquid medicine, and then massage (through the rectum), drain the irrigating fluid into the uterine cavity as far as possible, and then inject antibiotics and uterine contractile drugs.

Prevention: the disease lies in improving environmental hygiene and timely and reasonable treatment of primary diseases.

7. Foot rot

Hoof rot is a common hoof disease in dairy cows. Improper feeding and management and insufficient exercise of cattle are the inducements. Mainly due to uneven laying of cowbeds and sports grounds, excessive wear on the soles of hooves, foreign bodies stabbed and infected by necrotic bacilli and pyogenic bacteria, and hooves are often soaked in fecal and urine sewage, which promotes the occurrence of the disease. The affected hoof is swollen and feverish, the skin between the toes is congested and swollen, the wound is infected and ulcerated, and foul-smelling inflammatory secretions are excreted, which then spread to the crown and back of the hoof, and can also invade tendons, ligaments and joints, forming suppurative inflammation. Sometimes the foot fester, forming cavities of different sizes, which are filled with dirty gray or dark brown necrotic tissue and foul-smelling pus. The disease often occurs in two hind hooves. If only one hoof is sick, the cow will often lift the affected hoof and jump and walk with healthy hooves, which will affect feeding and reduce the amount of milk. If the two hind hooves get sick, the cow prefers to lie down and not to act or to stand.

Treatment: check the hoof immediately in case of claudication and abnormal hoof, especially wash and check the foot and fork. When mild foot rot is limited to the superficial layer, apply 3%-5% potassium permanganate lanolin ointment; when the hoof swelling and claudication are obvious, apply 1% potassium permanganate warm foot bath therapy If the bottom of the hoof has rotted out of the cavity and there is pus and necrotic tissue, wash the hoof with disinfectant, thoroughly remove the necrotic tissue with scissors, disinfect it with 5% concentrated iodine tincture, sprinkle with antimicrobials, put on the cotton plug of formalin distillate oil, and bandage it. After that, wrap the hooves with waterproof plastic sheeting and change the dressing every 2 to 3 days.

Prevention: strengthen feeding management and pay attention to the cleanliness, hygiene and dryness of stable houses and playgrounds.

8. Scorchworm disease

Bovine bursal disease is a hematozoonosis caused by the parasitism of Babesia bicolor, which is parasitic in the red blood cells of cattle. Its shapes are circular, oval, pear-shaped and amoeba-shaped and so on. The length of the Pyriform body is larger than the red blood cell radius, and the two bodies often connect its tip at a sharp angle, with an incubation period of 8 to 15 days, sometimes longer. The first manifestation is that the body temperature rises to 40,41.5 ℃, which can last for a week or more. The spirit of the diseased cow was depressed, the appetite decreased, and the rumination stopped. Anemia is obvious, but 75% of red blood cells are destroyed, usually with hemoglobinuria. At the beginning of the disease, the infection rate of red blood cells is generally 10%-15%, while that of mild cases is only 2%-3%. Some are difficult to find and the mortality rate can reach 50% to 90%. All cattle farms that have imported cattle from other places should pay close attention to the disease. Once the body temperature rises and the worm can be detected in the blood film, the disease will be treated according to the disease.

Treatment: there are special therapeutic drugs for this disease, such as Benier, Bayer 205, yellow pigment, etc., as long as timely and correct application, satisfactory results can be achieved.

Tuberculosis and brucellosis

Tuberculosis is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pathogen parasites in the lung tissue to form nodules, which then turn into cheese-like necrosis and form voids. Suffering from progressive weight loss, weakness, in addition to the lungs, there are breast tuberculosis, lymphoid tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis and so on. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be divided into human type, cow type and poultry type according to its pathogenicity, but each type can be infected with each other, and people can be infected through air and eating contaminated milk or other food.

Brucellosis is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by brucellosis. Dairy cows are the most sensitive to Brucella, the clinical feature of the disease is abortion or premature delivery, so it is also called infectious abortion, and often cause uterine inflammation; bull infection after orchitis, resulting in azoospermia and affect reproductive capacity. People infected with Brucella appear relaxation heat, physical drowsiness, fatigue, decline in the ability to live and work, the condition is very stubborn, it is difficult to cure.

Because dairy cows are the most susceptible animals to tuberculosis and brucellosis and are easily transmitted from cow to human, strengthening the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and brucellosis (commonly known as "two diseases") in dairy cows is of great significance in public health.

The prevention and treatment of the "two diseases" should continue to follow the following principles:

1. Accept the management of the animal epidemic prevention supervision department and regularly complete the quarantine surveillance of the "two diseases".

2. under the supervision of the local animal epidemic prevention department, tuberculosis (tuberculin test-intradermal injection and eye tapping) and brucellosis (blood collection-test tube agglutination method) are carried out at least once a year, and positive cattle should be eliminated immediately.

3. The introduction of dairy cows must understand the epidemic situation in the producing area and resolutely do not introduce dairy cows from the epidemic areas of "two diseases". Quarantine certificates from local animal epidemic prevention departments within nearly a month are also required for non-epidemic areas. After being transported back, they should still be quarantined for at least 3 months, and those who are proved to be negative by quarantine again can be transferred to large groups.

4. The staff in the field shall have regular health check-ups once or twice a year. The cattle found to have two diseases should be transferred and treated in time, and the cattle should be examined comprehensively at the same time.

5. Keep the environment of the cattle farm hygienic and disinfect it regularly.