Epidemic prevention in sheep farm

With the development of animal husbandry, all kinds of modern breeding farms have appeared one after another. How to do a good job of epidemic prevention has become the most important problem in all farms. Once the epidemic occurs, it will seriously affect the development of animal husbandry and cause huge economic losses. Therefore, in order to control and prevent the epidemic disease in the original seed farm, certain measures should be taken and corresponding guidelines and standards should be established to ensure the continuation and stable improvement of the quality of livestock and poultry. In addition, the regulations on epidemic Prevention of Livestock and Poultry issued by the State Council should be strictly implemented to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases in livestock and poultry.

First, establish a sound epidemic prevention system

Epidemic prevention work is a complex system engineering, which involves from production to sales, from inside to outside, to the staff of the whole field, throughout the whole field, which is closely related to it. Therefore, epidemic prevention must be brought into normal management, with the participation of all personnel supervised and carried out by veterinary personnel. The principle of epidemic prevention, the system throughout every link, strict procedures to operate in order to avoid the occurrence of epidemic diseases, the epidemic prevention system can be truly implemented. Such as establishing:

1. Scientific procedure disinfection, which is an important measure to cut off the route of transmission, aiming at killing all kinds of pathogens existing in the external environment.

2. Records of personnel going in and out of registration and bathing and changing clothes.

3. All in and all out system.

Second, formulate scientific immunization procedures and carry out vaccination on time.

Immunization is an important measure to improve the specific resistance and reduce the susceptibility of animals. However, if it is not used properly, it will often get unsatisfactory results. To this end, we should pay attention to:

1. To formulate a careful immunization plan, it takes a certain period of time for all kinds of vaccines to produce strong immunity, so we should make a corresponding immunity plan according to the onset season of various infectious diseases and vaccinate according to the prescribed schedule.

2. It is necessary to have a scientific immunization program.

Livestock and poultry cannot be vaccinated when they are in poor health. Some maternal antibodies can also affect and interfere with the titer of antibodies, or even completely inhibit the production of antibodies. In order to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon, maternal antibody surveillance should be carried out for some infectious diseases, such as unconditional, the time of initial immunization can be determined according to experience.

III. Comprehensive epidemic prevention focuses on prevention

Although infectious diseases are composed of sources of infection, routes of transmission, modes of transmission and susceptible animals, there are many factors that affect the epidemic, so comprehensive epidemic prevention measures must be taken to eliminate all unfavorable factors and adhere to the principle of self-breeding and self-rearing, which is not only beneficial to the breeding of livestock and poultry, but also avoid bringing in various infectious diseases when purchasing livestock and poultry. If it is necessary to introduce species from other units, it should not be purchased from the epidemic area. However, it is necessary to isolate and quarantine for 1-2 days after buying, and confirm that it is healthy and disease-free before mixing with the original animals. When introducing fine varieties from abroad, in addition to strengthening port quarantine, quarantine should also be conducted before entry, and when diseased livestock and poultry are found, they should be dealt with strictly immediately. Epidemic prevention is an important measure to prevent diseases. Everyone should consciously implement and abide by the epidemic prevention system in order to keep the disease out of the field and ensure the normal growth of livestock and poultry.

Prevention and control measures of infectious diseases

1. Do a good job in feeding and management to enhance the individual's ability to resist disease.

Strengthen feeding and management, strictly abide by the principles, do not feed moldy and deteriorated feed, do not drink sewage and frozen water, make sheep fat and strong, and improve individual disease resistance.

2. Do a good job in environmental hygiene and do a good job in disinfection.

Keeping sheep in captivity should keep the pens, grounds and utensils clean. Often clean the enclosure, concentrated accumulation and fermentation of feces, urine and other dirt for about 30 days. At the same time, disinfectants (such as Baidu, Yiklin Huichang disinfectant and other high-efficiency and low-toxic drugs) are regularly used to disinfect the enclosure site to prevent the spread of the disease.

3. Do a good job of immunization in a planned way.

Immunizing sheep is an important measure to prevent and control sheep infectious diseases. At present, there are the following vaccines to prevent major infectious diseases in sheep:

(1) non-toxic anthrax spore vaccine

Used to prevent sheep anthrax. Sheep were injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml. Strong immunity was produced 14 days after injection, and the immune period was one year. (this seedling cannot be used in goats)

(2) tetanus alum precipitated mycoid

Used to prevent tetanus. The sheep were injected 0.5 ml subcutaneously in the neck, and the immunity was produced after 1 month. The immune period was 1 year, and once again in the second year. The immune period lasted 4 years.

(3) attenuated freeze-dried vaccine of sheep and goat pox.

Used to prevent sheep and goat pox. According to the number of heads on the bottle label, each serving is diluted with 0.5 ml of normal saline; each sheep is injected with 0.5 ml (regardless of size, thinness, pregnancy can be the same amount). Swelling and induration were found at 8 days after injection and disappeared gradually at 10 days after injection. Strong immunity can be produced 6 days after injection, and the immune period is 1 year.

(4) Quick plague, sudden gangrene and enterotoxemia (lamb dysentery).

It is used to prevent sheep fast epidemic, sudden gangrene, enterotoxemia and lamb dysentery. Dry powder vaccine: dissolved with 20% aluminum gel saline, regardless of the age of sheep, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of 1 ml, 14 days to produce immunity, immunity period of 1 year. Wet vaccine (also known as sheep quadruple vaccine): after shaking well before application, each animal is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly with an immunity period of 6 months.

(5) Type O inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.

Used to prevent type O foot-and-mouth disease in sheep. Intramuscular injection: 2 ml for adult sheep and 1 ml for lambs. Immunity was produced 15 days after injection, and the immune period was 4 months. The adverse reactions after injection were treated with epinephrine.

Immunization will produce strong immunity to strong adult sheep, but not good to young sheep, weak sheep or sheep suffering from chronic diseases. On the other hand, for pregnant ewes, especially those before delivery, sometimes miscarriage and preterm delivery will be caused by driving, capture and vaccine response during vaccination, which will affect fetal development and immune effect. It should be noted that the above results should not be taken into account in disease threat areas and should be urgently prevented and vaccinated in order to ensure the health of sheep.

4. Measures should be taken when infectious diseases occur.

After the occurrence of infectious diseases in sheep, isolation and blockade shall be carried out immediately, and shall be reported to the animal husbandry and veterinary department step by step, which shall be diagnosed by the veterinary department at the city and county level, and shall be detoxified in accordance with the National Animal epidemic Prevention Law.

Programmed control model of sheep parasitosis

The programmed control mode of parasitosis in cattle and sheep is a new comprehensive control technology, which changes the traditional control methods in the past and changes the control of single parasite to the orderly control of main parasites as a whole. the sporadic and intermittent treatment was changed into organized and continuous prevention measures, so that the parasites in cattle and sheep were comprehensively treated and prevented, and the comprehensive control effect was improved.

First, recommend the use of drugs

There are some trade names on the market, such as pest control, avermectin, Alijia, Afortin, Kexing, etc., which are characterized by a wide anti-insect spectrum and strong killing effect on the vast majority of nematodes, external parasites and other arthropods (ineffective eggs). In addition, it also has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, safety and so on. In clinical application, antiparasite drugs have irreplaceable advantages: one is to control parasites in vivo and in vitro through internal administration, and the other is not to produce cross-resistance with other deworming drugs.

Second, the use of procedures

The main results are as follows: (1) the whole population is dewormed twice a year, and the larval deworming technique is adopted in late winter and early spring (February-March). Prevent the emergence of the "best part of spring"; deworming in autumn (August-September), prevent the emergence of the "best part of autumn" of adults and reduce the "best part of winter" of larvae. For the areas with serious parasites, deworming can be added again from May to June to avoid the occurrence of body surface parasitic diseases in winter and spring.

(2) the calves are generally dewormed for the first time from August to September of the same year to protect the normal growth and development of the lambs. In addition, young animals before and after weaning are subject to nutritional stress and are vulnerable to parasites. Therefore, protective deworming should be carried out at this time.

(3) Prenatal deworming was carried out when the female was close to delivery, so as to avoid the "postpartum increase" of fecal worm eggs in 4-8 weeks after delivery. In areas with severe parasite contamination, deworming must be carried out 3-4 weeks after delivery.

III. Dosage form and dose

Avermectin-there are injections, powders, tablets and other dosage forms. Injection, hypodermic injection (no intramuscular or intravenous injection) 1mg per 5kg body weight; powder, administration or mixing, 1.5mg per 5kg body weight; tablets, 1.5mg per 5kg body weight.

IV. matters needing attention

The main results are as follows: (1) when the herd is infected with trematodes and tapeworms, albendazole should be selected.

(2) in clinical application, the dosage of insects and pregnant animals should be strictly controlled, and the drug should be given according to the normal dose of 2 stroke 3.

For the sake of caution, cattle and sheep can not be slaughtered for consumption until 14 days after medication, and cow and sheep milk shall not be used by human within 21 days.

(4) the ectoparasites of cattle and sheep were repeatedly used once after 7-10 days to consolidate the curative effect.

5 it is generally believed that injection should be more effective in severe parasite infection, and if other dosage forms are chosen, the operation will be convenient and labor-saving. Therefore, the appropriate dosage form should be selected according to the local actual situation.

(6) as a procedural prevention and treatment, integrity must be emphasized. Studies have shown that the invasion of subclinical parasites in the same group also causes corresponding losses. Therefore, only animals with poor growth and clinical symptoms of parasitic diseases can not be dewormed.

7 few insect repellents can kill the eggs in the worm's uterus, which are already in the digestive tract and respiratory tract, so if the feces containing disintegrating worms are scattered at random after deworming, it will seriously pollute the environment. In order to ensure the deworming effect and prevent the repeated infection of parasite eggs in the environment and give full play to the maximum economic benefits of deworming drugs, environmental hygiene must be paid attention to. Properly dispose of livestock droppings and, if possible, regularly monitor parasite eggs in feces.

The programmed control mode of parasitic diseases in cattle and sheep adopts the latest anti-parasite drugs, which is safe and efficient. It is easy to use, and the program deworming is carried out according to the breeding characteristics of the parasite, so the effect is more obvious. It has high promotion value.