Deworming and health care of dairy cows

The deworming and health care of dairy cows is one of the important work to prevent diseases in the health care system of dairy cows. In order to ensure the health of dairy cows, prevent the occurrence of external infectious diseases and promote the growth and development of reserve cows, this paper focuses on the significance, purpose and methods of deworming health care of dairy cows from the point of view of cow health care.

Parasite infection in dairy cows can lead to the decline of cow production performance, the deterioration of the disease can lead to the death of cattle, and even bring highly contagious diseases to the whole herd, which can cause serious losses and even devastating damage to dairy farms. However, its clinical symptoms are often not obvious, and its harm is not easy to detect and is easy to be ignored by dairy cattle breeders, so cow deworming is one of the important work of disease prevention in dairy cow health care system. We dairy veterinarians must strengthen the awareness of cow deworming health care. In order to ensure the health of dairy cows, promote the growth and development of reserve cattle, and prevent the occurrence of cow diseases, dairy farms need to formulate and implement an effective deworming health plan for dairy cows.

The research data harmful to the Russian Academician's Institute of Wormology in Russia showed that Fasciola hepatica reduced milk yield by 10% to 20%, calf weight loss by 5% to 15%, lung filariasis caused calf weight gain by 27%, resulting in death of 8%, cow skin myiasis caused calf weight gain by 8%, cow milk production by 9%, and Ascaris lumbricoides reduced weight gain by 30%. On the other hand, the economic loss of itch mite disease is even greater, which is difficult to calculate.

Investigation on parasite infection in large-scale dairy farms in Tianjin in 2007 the test results of bovine blood lice showed that all the cattle farms were positive for infection, and the proportion of cattle with lice was 30% to 70%. In the calf fecal examination, except for 3 cattle farms, the detection rate of new ascariasis in the other five cattle farms was 10%. The detection rate of scabies mites in tested cattle was 100%, and the detection rate of blood spear nematode eggs was 2.5%.

In terms of infection intensity, the average OPG of most dairy cows in Shanghai area was less than 1000, accounting for 58.82%, and the average OPG of only one farm was relatively high, 14250.

In the large-scale and intensive production of our dairy farm, calves before and after weaning are the most susceptible, and parasitic diseases can cause malnutrition, sluggish growth and even death of calves. Because some roughages come from different parts of the country or even from abroad, although there are fumigation and disinfection, there may still be different parasite hosts, which can easily lead to the possibility of parasite infection in individuals or even groups of cattle, resulting in an outbreak of disease, which can lead to decreased milk production, low milk fat rate, short peak period of milk production, abortion, infertility and so on, which greatly increases the difficulty of clinical veterinary diagnosis. It has also caused losses to the dairy farm.

The establishment of a reasonable regular deworming system can effectively prevent dairy cows from being infected with parasitic diseases, indirectly increase the feed conversion rate, promote the growth of reserve cattle, enhance their resistance to diseases, and improve the immune response level of dairy cows to vaccine. at the same time, secondary infection caused by the migration of parasites in dairy cows can be avoided. As ectoparasite is the vector of many infectious diseases, effective deworming health care for dairy cows can prevent the spread of some diseases transmitted by ectoparasites. Because different time, different drug choices and different deworming methods have different effects on cow deworming, it is necessary to develop an appropriate deworming procedure.

There are many pathogens causing parasitic diseases in dairy cows, but the damage and harm to dairy cows can be summarized as follows:

This may also be one of the possible causes of epidemic disease in dairy farms. Dairy farms must change the concept of health care and establish a preventive health care system for regular deworming to put an end to infectious diseases or epidemics that may be caused by parasites. In addition, zoonotic parasitic diseases are also a direct threat to human health, such as cryptosporidiosis.

Mechanical damage: a large number of roundworms or tapeworms parasitic, will cause intestinal obstruction, serious intestinal rupture, intestinal parasitic worms with suckers attached to the intestinal wall, causing intestinal mucosal damage. In addition, worm migration can also cause mechanical damage to the organs of dairy cows, cause inflammation or damage to organs and tissues, interfere with life activities, and even cause death.

Nutrition absorption: many intestinal parasites can directly absorb nutrients from dairy cows, resulting in anemia and stunted development. For example, Ascaris lumbricoides and trematodes will also secrete digestive enzymes on the host tissue, making the tissue denatured and dissolved into parasite nutrient solution, thus indirectly competing with animal bodies for nutrition, reducing feed returns and affecting production capacity.

Such as causing itchy skin, eating uneasiness, or secreting toxins in the intestinal tract to damage the intestinal mucosa, it is easy to be infected with conditional pathogenic bacteria, resulting in secondary infection, dehydration and even death of dairy cows.

The selection of parasitic diseases in dairy cows caused great hidden losses, and also directly promoted the research and development of deworming drugs. traditional drugs such as levamisole, albendazole, avermectin and ivermectin can not meet the actual needs of dairy farms because of their drug resistance, narrow deworming spectrum and long abandonment period. Therefore, preventable, treatable, broad-spectrum, safe, long-acting, non-toxic, non-residual deworming drugs have become a new research direction. At present, the effect of pure acetylaminoavermus in the market is relatively good, and its main characteristic is that it can be used during lactation, but the content and purity of its various manufacturers is not accurate enough, so it needs to be further studied. From the economic and practical point of view of dairy farms, dairy farms can choose mixed drugs mainly aimed at trematodes, nematodes, taeniasis, extracorporeal parasites and so on. If we can carry out selective and targeted deworming according to the results of the local epidemiological investigation of cow parasitic diseases, for cattle with high infection rate, selective regular deworming, the deworming health effect will be better.

Deworming program: 2-month-old calves (before and after weaning) and 6-month-old calves, newly dried dairy cows this month, cattle infected with parasitic diseases, etc.

Deworming time: due to the diversity of feed sources, the deworming time is perennial, every month for the above-mentioned cattle.

Deworming method: after artificial crushing, the deworming drugs are sprinkled separately into the feed or directly artificial feeding, the purpose is to ensure that each cow is fed in place, beware of too much or too little, to ensure the effect of deworming.

For solution dilution, insect repellents should be used now.

For calves before and after weaning, if there are deworming drugs in the diet, it can not be dewormed temporarily.

In order to give full play to its efficacy, to dispel gastrointestinal parasites, prevention and treatment of individuals suspected of being infected with cattle, etc., it is necessary to use drugs according to the actual situation, which can be fed with pre-deworming in the morning, and salt laxatives can be used after or at the same time, in order to expel paralyzed worms and deworming drugs residual in the gastrointestinal tract, and get better results.

Strictly follow the instructions for the use of deworming drugs, strictly control the amount of use; at the same time, prevent the use of too many drugs caused by poisoning or abortion, premature delivery, etc., to ensure the safety of cattle.

All lactating cows or soon-to-be lactating cows are prohibited from deworming (calculated according to the drug withdrawal period) to ensure quality and safety; some deworming drugs that can be used during lactation should be used in accordance with the relevant national laws and regulations.

After deworming, the dewormed cattle must be followed for 48 hours, and necessary anti-allergic measures and first aid programs must be provided.

After the use of deworming drugs, it is necessary to prepare enough clean and appropriate amount of drinking water, which is also one of the daily tasks, especially in summer, insects, mosquitoes and other eggs must be prevented from entering the drinking pool, resulting in indirect infection of cattle.

After deworming, there will be eggs in the feces of dairy cows, so it is necessary to accumulate and ferment the feces and padding materials of dairy cows after medication, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the shed to reduce the retention of eggs and environmental pollution. Especially for calves, it is more necessary to strengthen the use and management of calf islands.

Conclusion Dairy cow deworming and health care is an important link in dairy cow health care and prevention. Regular deworming can promote the growth and development of back-up cattle and prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases in dairy cows, but from the point of view of health prevention, it is more necessary to control parasitic diseases in dairy cows from the source, otherwise even deworming health care for dairy cows every day will lose the significance of deworming health care.

In order to reduce the incidence of parasitic diseases in dairy cows, it is necessary to:

Pay attention to the source of feed: firmly purchase from the origin with safety certification to ensure the quality and safety of feed.

Environmental management of cowshed and pasture: a regular disinfection system for cowshed and grazing farm must be established, including disinfection of cowshed and cattle bed, disinfection of material trough, disinfection of cow dung heap pool, disinfection of grazing field, etc.

Drinking pool management: cattle-oriented, to ensure that the drinking water fed to cattle is clean, fresh, timely cleaning and disinfection.

Fly control, mosquito control, pest control and other management: for seasonal mosquitoes and flies, targeted measures must be taken to kill rats regularly and drive away cats and dogs in dairy farms.