Use autumn leaves and sawdust to make deciduous compost to create wonderful soil and fertilizer.

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Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7Td-3rXpFc&feature=youtu.be

Co-authors: Zhou Miaofei, Li Jiarong, Liu Xianwei, Zeng Xiaohua, Guo Xiaoshuang

Film translation

Hi, I am Stephen, developer to urban garden dot CA.

Hi, I'm Stephen, the founder of CA City Garden.

A couple of week ago, we spoke about adding fertility over the winter using free and local resources to make a mulch layer.

A few weeks ago, I talked about using free and local resources to cover the soil to increase land fertility in winter.

The main component of that mulch layer was autumn leaves, after completing this in my garden and starting my hot compost, I had a couple of spare bags of autumn leaves.

The main components of this soil cover are fallen leaves in autumn. After finishing the soil cover and hot composting, I also had a few more bags of fallen leaves.

So in today's episode, I thought i'd show you how I make leaf mold and some of the benefits that it can bring to your garden.

So today I want to share how to make deciduous compost and some of the benefits of deciduous composting for your garden.

Leaf mold is compost that is made when fungi are responsible for the decomposition process of a high carbon containing material like autumn leaves.

Deciduous composting (Leaf Mold) is a compost formed by fungi decomposing high-carbon organic matter, such as fallen leaves.

The key benefit of leaf mold is when completed, it contains humus, adding humus to the soil helps alleviate soil compaction,improving root penetration.

The main benefit of deciduous composting is that it contains humus (Humus) after decomposition. The addition of humus to the soil can alleviate the problem of soil hardness and enhance the penetration of plant roots.

Humus helps bring in air, water and nutrients into the soil while acting as a habitat for bacteria.

Humus can bring air, water and nutrients into the soil, and it is the habitat of bacteria.

At a cellular level, humus is the hollowed out shells of once living cells that act as a sponge in the soil holding moisture and nutrients in place that would otherwise leach out.

Subtly speaking, humus is a hollow cellular shell that can conserve moisture and nutrients in the soil like a sponge, otherwise water and nutrients will be lost.

Leaves also come with a large number of essential and beneficial elements.

Leaves also contain a large number of necessary beneficial elements.

Trees take up the nutrients from the soil and subsoil and incorporate them into the wood and the leaves.

Trees bring nutrients from the soil and subsoil and incorporate them into branches and leaves.

As the leaves fall in the autumn those elements are left in the tissue.

When the leaves fall in autumn, these nutrients remain in the plant tissue.

Last year we tested 4 common species of autumn leaves in my area including Birch, poplar, apple and russian olive. Maxiam analytics found that leaves have 10/15 commonly tested for trace elements that are essential or beneficial for plant growth.

Last year, we tested four common autumn leaves nearby, including birch, poplar, apple and Russian olive. Through Maxxam analysis, it is found that it contains 10 kinds of trace elements needed for plant growth.

The additional nutrients are easily incorporated into the nutrient cycle as the leaves break down.

When the leaves decompose, these nutrients enter the nutrient cycle.

This is important as the same elements from the parent material that originally formed the soil in my area has taken over 10000 years to release nutrients to the soil and as the soil is close to chemical equilibrium slowing the process.

This is important because it takes more than 10,000 years for parent rocks in our region to release these nutrients into the soil, and the process of nutrient release has slowed down since modern soils have approached chemical equilibrium.

When this compost is done, it'll have plenty of fungi within it.

When the composting is completed, it will be rich in fungi.

Once applied to the garden it'll help support the populations of fungi that are already there and breaking down more complex molecules that bacteria simply can't get to.

When used in gardens, it will increase the number and species of fungi in the soil and break down materials of complex elements that bacteria cannot decompose.

It can also help form mycorthizal relationships with plants helping them get to nutrients and water that are harder to reach in the soil.

It can also form mycorrhizal networks with plants to help plants absorb more nutrients and water from the soil.

It is fairly simple to make fungi responsible for breaking down your leaves.

It is very easy for fungi to decompose fallen leaves.

All you need to provide to make leaf mold is three factors: carbon in the form of leaves, fungi and moisture.

You only need to provide three materials: carbon in leaves, fungi and moisture.

The simplest method to make leaf mold is to take a carbon-rich source like autumn leaves and simply pile them in an area of your garden that will not be in the way.

The easiest way to compost fallen leaves is to get materials that are high in carbon, such as fallen leaves in autumn, and then simply gather in piles in the corner of the courtyard.

Usually you don't need a nitrogen source. But if you do, it will speed up the decomposition process a little bit.

Usually you don't need to add nitrogenous materials, which can speed up some of the decomposition process.

I keep a few handfuls of the completed leaf mold in order to add to the new pile helping to speed up. The inoculation of the new leaves with fungi, that will do all the tough work for me.

I usually leave a few handfuls of rotten litter compost to add to the new litter heap to accelerate decay, and inoculating fungi into the new litter heap can help me finish this slow and arduous work.

Once you've piled your leaves, make sure to keep the pile moist as it breaks down and the fungi will do the rest. A few times throughout the summer if the pile is getting dry all water.

After the fallen leaves pile up, just make sure to sprinkle some water to keep it moist during the decomposition process, and the fungus will help you finish the work, especially if it is sprinkled several times in summer, when the fallen leaves pile is too dry.

It usually after a year your leaf mold is ready to go. Sometimes it takes two years.

It usually takes one year to compost your fallen leaves, sometimes two years.

However if a point appointed to the mulch layer as I often do, a completed leaf mold is not necessary. If dedicating an area in your garden for over a year for the production of leaf mold is not in your garden plan, but you still want to get the benefits of fungus in your garden. You may turn to products. Now these products are marketed as fungally dominated compost and they do usually have high concentrations of humous.humus

If you cover the soil with fallen leaves, as I do, you don't need mature deciduous compost.

If dividing an area in your garden for more than a year just to produce deciduous compost is not in your garden plan, but you still want your garden to get better because of fungi, you can buy off-the-shelf products.

These products are marked as rich in fungi and do contain a lot of humus soil.

However the fungus that were you're trying to apply to your soil is usually killed in the production and shipping of the product.

But the fungi you want to add to your soil are usually killed in the process of production and transportation.

Even if you get it home alive, usually that fungus is not well suited to the microclimate of your garden. But don't worry, almost all garden soils in the world have thousands of species of mycorrhizal and other fungi already within them.

Even if the fungi you bring home are still alive, they are usually not well adapted to the environment of your garden.

But don't worry, the soil in all gardens usually contains thousands of mycorrhizal fungi and other fungi.

You don't need to worry about going out and buying a product specifically for adding fungi to your garden soil. They're already there.

You don't have to worry about going out to buy special products to add fungi to your garden soil, they are already there.

There is however a much easier method that you can make leaf mold in your garden.

However, there is an easier way to make deciduous compost in your garden.

If you place your carbon-rich material like autumn leaves on top of your garden soil as a mulch,you will get all of the same benefits as it breaks down with improved moisture retention and reduced weed germination.

That is to put high-carbon materials (such as autumn leaves) on the garden soil for mulching, and when it breaks down, you can still get all the same benefits: moisturizing, reducing weed breeding, and so on.

Using leafmold in the mulch layer or making it there will attract earthworms.

Using deciduous compost as mulch or finding a corner to make deciduous compost will attract earthworms.

Earthworms bring a number of benefits to your soil including aeration, nutrient breakdown, growth hormone addition, and the mucus they leave behind helps retain nutrients that would otherwise leach away.

Earthworms can bring many benefits to your soil, including air permeability, decomposition of nutrients, growth hormone, and the mucus they secrete to help retain nutrients.

I usually apply leaf mold in the fall before I make the next year's pile.

As I know many of you are not in areas that have access to autumn leaves other carbon heavy materials such as wood chips can be substituted.

I usually use deciduous leaf compost in autumn, and then make next year's deciduous leaf pile.

As far as I know, many people can't get fallen leaves in autumn, so they can also use other carbon-rich materials such as sawdust instead.

If you are planning on using wood chips we can use the research analyzing wood ash to give a general understanding of the nutrient value of wood chips.

If you plan to use sawdust to make compost, we can look at the ash analysis of sawdust to understand the nutritional value of sawdust.

Researchers in Wisconsin found that wood ash contained 12 of 15 elements needed for plant growth.

Researchers in Wisconsin analyzed sawdust ash, which contained 12 of the 15 elements needed for plant growth.

It's been my experience that most municipalities and cities have wood chip piles that you can access for free or for very very cheap now.

According to my experience, most municipal governments and cities have sawdust, which you can get for free or very cheaply.

Wood chips will take a lot longer to decompose and this is largely due to the climate that you live in, a good rule of thumb is between three to five years.

Sawdust decomposition takes longer, three to five years, depending on your climate.

With that Say you can still add the wood chips to your mulch layer and they will release their nutrients over time directly into the nutrient cycle where they're needed.

But you can still use sawdust as a cover, and over time, they also release nutrients in the nutritional cycle.

If you would like to get the same benefits of leafmold just a little faster, Worm castings can help you out. Worm castings are vermiculture from household organics including carbon containing materials such as newspaper and cardboard have high concentration of humus as well. You can even use autumn leaves in your vermicompost and combine the methods to produce a high-quality locally sourced worm casting.

If you want to have the same effect of deciduous composting and want to be faster, you can use earthworm manure. Earthworm manure is earthworm compost, which can also contain high concentrations of humus from household organic waste, including high-carbon materials such as newspapers and cardboard. You can even combine earthworm composting with autumn leaves to make high-quality earthworm manure on the ground.

If you happen to have extra leaves laying around, I highly recommend you invest in your soils fertility by making leafmold and applying it to your garden.

If you happen to have a lot of fallen leaves on hand, I highly recommend that you make deciduous compost and add it to your garden to enhance your soil fertility.

Thank you very much for listening today. Have a nice day.

Word interpretation

Humus humus

It is not only soil specific organic matter, but also the main component of soil organic matter, accounting for about 50% of the total organic matter. 65%. In the nutrient biological cycle, after biological death, the biological residue will be transformed into mineral nutrients in the process of mineralization. But biological remains will not be completely mineralized. Biological residues undergo the process of decay and remain in the form of humus. That is, in the nutrient biological cycle, biological residues are transformed into mineral nutrients in a nutrient storage room, and humus will eventually be transformed into mineral nutrients through the mineralization process. The importance of humus is that when Rain Water washes away the mineral nutrients from the soil, but the microorganism fails to decompose the biological residue in time to supplement it (the time of microbial decomposition of biological residue is very slow), humus can release nutrients according to the concentration of soil nutrients to supplement, which has a positive effect on fertility.

Https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%85%90%E6%AE%96%E8%B4%A8

Http://www.chinesewords.org/dict/251598-171.html

Leaf Mold deciduous leaf composting

It is the soil formed by the decomposition of the leaves of trees and shrubs by fungi. This soil is generally too dry, acidic, or low in nitrogen to be decomposed by bacteria. Fallen leaves contain a very high proportion of high-carbon substances such as lignin and cellulose (generally accounting for more than 70% of the total weight ratio), so their natural decomposition process is very slow. In view of this, collecting and storing fallen leaves individually can speed up the decomposition of other substances. The simple method is to use plastic bags to store the collected leaves (highly polluted leaves such as roadsides are not easy to choose), which can be fully used after one to two years.

For larger collection methods, wire can be used to form a collection space of one meter by one meter, which can be covered with cardboard or cloth after collection to reduce air drying. The whole process takes about one to two years to turn fallen leaves into nutrient-rich humus. When finished, it will give off a memorable aroma like an ancient forest. Although the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as fertilizer is low, it is ideal as soil conditioner or mulch because of its high proportion of organic matter.

For details of the definition, see

Https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%91%89%E5%9C%9F

Https://www.maximumyield.com/definition/74/leaf-mold

Mycorrhiza rhizome bacteria

Do you know that many plants have their own gardens? However, unlike our garden, the plant garden is completely underground. They are called rhizome fungi, and they are symbiotic with plants.

The rhizome fungus is actually a fungus. They exist in tiny, almost or even completely microscopic lines, called hyphae. The hyphae are all connected to each other into a network called mycelium, which can measure hundreds or thousands of miles. The mycelium of a single mycorrhizal (note: mycorrhiza is plural) can in turn extend outward, connecting a variety of plants (even plants of different species! ), and even connect with other mycorrhiza to form a common mycorrhizal network.

In a common mycorrhizal network, it is difficult to say that one mycorrhiza ends and another colony begins. Because of this huge network, a plant can be connected to a completely different plant species halfway through the forest!

Mycorrhiza is actually connected to plants in two ways. A form called ectomycorrhizal mycorrhiza simply surrounds the outside of the root. Another form called endomycorrhizae actually grows in plants-their bacterial walls squeeze between the cell wall and the cell membrane (a bit like wedging between a bicycle tire and the inner tube).

Under normal circumstances, you are less likely to see mycorrhiza because they are too small. But every once in a while, something amazing happens: mycorrhizae multiply and emit spore-producing fruiting bodies-we call them mushrooms! Some of these mushrooms are even edible, such as truffles or chicken oil fungus.

Plants are great gardeners. Just as we fertilize our garden, plants feed their own mycorrhiza. Plants will absorb excess sugar from leaves through photosynthesis and send it to the roots. From here, mycorrhiza can absorb it to maintain itself. There is little sunlight underground, and even if it exists, mycorrhiza cannot be harvested like plants because they do not have the equipment needed for photosynthesis. Sugars from plants actually maintain the growth and vitality of mycorrhiza.

Plants get a lot of things from mycorrhiza, mainly nutrients. Plants can get nutrients through their roots, but their capacity is limited. Their roots need to be in direct contact with the soil to absorb nutrients, while plant roots can only grow so small. On the other hand, fungi can become smaller. Fungal hyphae can be wedged between the soil, covering almost every cubic millimeter of soil. This increases the surface area, allowing plants to get more nutrients than they get. For many plants living under difficult conditions, they will not be able to survive without mycorrhiza.

Mycorrhiza absorbs nutrients such as phosphorus and magnesium and carries them directly to the roots of plants. Here, they exchanged the nutrients they collected for some sugar. This is a fair deal that benefits both sides. In addition, mycorrhiza can help plants grow in other ways. Mycorrhiza can help protect plants from diseases and toxins. Mycorrhiza can also be used as a sugar delivery service when plants shuttle sugar back and forth to different plants connected to the same common mycorrhizal network. Perhaps strangest of all, the common mycorrhizal network can also be used as a means for plants to "talk" to each other-an Internet made of fungi!

Mycorrhiza is a valuable part of ecosystems around the world and can exist in some form in any ecosystem. In many places, whole forests and ecosystems do not exist without their mycorrhizal friends. The next time you take a walk in the forest, you will see a mushroom growing out of the ground. Be thankful and remember that the whole world is buzzing under your feet.

Http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/ecology/mycorrhizae .

Nutrient cycle nutrient cycling

Nutrient cycling can change the energy of production and consumption among species in the ecosystem, and finally remain in the system, that is, nutrients enter the soil from the external environment and go through various changes. and then from the soil to the external environment of a cyclic process. The transformation of nutrients in soil is very complex and is controlled by a variety of physical, chemical and biological factors. In the nutrient cycle, many energy changes are obvious, of which the most obvious and most important is the cycle of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as other elements (such as potassium, etc.). Nutrient cycling can be divided into fast nutrient cycling and slow nutrient cycling according to its rate. The small-scale cycle of nutrients in the ecosystem can be carried out several times a year, which is called rapid nutrient cycle, and the large-scale cycle of nutrients once a year is called slow nutrient cycle.

Parent material parent material

That is, the material basis of soil formation and the initial source of plant mineral nutrients (except nitrogen). Parent material is the weathering product formed by weathering of rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth's crust, it is the material basis for the formation of soil and the skeleton of soil, it is not only different from soil, but also has a profound impact on the formation and development of soil fertility. Many properties of parent material are inherited to soil, so it can directly affect soil mineral composition and soil particle composition, and to a large extent dominate soil physical and chemical properties. And the level of soil productivity. For example, the weathering products of granite and sandstone contain more quartz, coarse texture and good water permeability, which are generally lack of mineral nutrients except for the high potassium content of granite. The weathering products of basalt and leafstone have less coarse quartz particles, more fine materials, and basic minerals rich in iron and magnesium, poor water permeability and rich mineral nutrients. The soil parent material which is rich in calcium carbonate or other base can neutralize more acidic substances in the soil, and the chemical reaction of the soil is not easy to become acidic.

Subsoil subsoil, subsoil subsoil

At a depth of 50-60 cm below the surface of the soil layer. Because it is located in a deep position, it is not affected by tillage, fertilization and other measures, so the soil quality is tight, the material transformation is slow and smooth, and there are few nutrients available, which are generally called raw soil or dead soil. According to the dictionary, because the subsoil is a compact sedimentary body, it can play a certain role in soil water and fertilizer conservation.

For more articles, see Caspian Caspian Studio.

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