Key points of pressing Green planting technique of Ziyunying Green manure

Ziyunying (Carthamus tinctorius) is the most important winter green manure crop in paddy fields in our province. Most of the varieties suitable for planting in our province are early flower and middle flower. The early flowering varieties are Leping seed, Changde seed and Ganzi 1, while the middle flower varieties are Yujiang Daye seed, Pingning 3, Fengcheng seed, Makouzi, Anhui Dayeqing, Minzi 6 and so on. 1. Arrangement of field blocks and stubble: select fields with flat surface and convenient drainage and irrigation. In the arrangement of stubble, avoid arranging on the latest stubble, so as to avoid frost damage after harvesting rice. 2. Seed treatment: before sowing, choose sunny noon drying for 4-5 hours. after drying the seeds, mix the seeds and fine sand at 2:1 and put them into a woven bag to wipe the seeds. Then, the seeds were selected with 5% salt water to remove the diseased grains and empty chaff grains. Soak the selected seeds with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 10-12 hours, or soak the seeds with 0.1-0.2% ammonium molybdate solution for 12-24 hours, soak them for enough time, remove them to dry, and mix the seeds with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (about 0.5 kg of rhizobium peat per mu in the new seed expansion area) before sowing. 3. Sowing at the right time: generally sowing from mid-late September to early October. If sowing too early, the symbiotic period of rice and fertilizer is too long, and the seedlings are thin; if sowing too late, it is easy to suffer frost damage and lack of overwintering seedlings. The production is often carried out after the heading of late rice. If sowing in the vigorous hybrid late rice field, it should be sown 20-25 days before late rice harvest, so as to facilitate rice ripening and grass seed emergence and growth. The sowing rate per mu is generally 1.5-2 kg, and the field remains moist when sowing. The deep foot field and cold paddy field should be cut off and shelved 2-3 days before sowing; the sandy field should be sowed in shallow water and drained after the seeds germinate; in general, when the surface of the field is dry and white, it should be irrigated 1-2 days in advance to let it dry naturally and keep the soil moist. Late rice is covered with straw to protect against cold after harvest. 4. Water management. It is mainly to open three ditches, that is, in addition to opening a good waist ditch and perimeter ditch in combination with the sun field at the end of the tillering stage of late rice, a straight ditch is generally opened every 10-15 meters before sowing, and is connected with the trench, so that the ditch is communicated with each other, and there is no waterlogging after rain. Water management depends on field plots and soil quality. The clayey and heavy soil should be properly exposed to the field so that the soil is soft and rotten, so as not to sprout; the sandy soil should be sowed in shallow water to avoid burnt after seed germination, and then be drained after seed germination; in areas with good soil tillage and convenient drainage and irrigation, it can be mastered that the soil surface is soft and watery when sprouting, and the soil surface is wet without water layer during seedling emergence, and after seed germination, water can not be accumulated during interplanting. After rice harvest, horse water should be irrigated in time to prevent drought, in order to keep the field from tanning, and attention should be paid to ditch cleaning and waterlogging prevention after spring warmth. 5. Fertilization management: mainly apply fertilizer three times, one is to apply 5 kg potassium sulfate fertilizer per mu during rice cutting or when the first true leaf appears, the second is to apply 25 kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu before covering rice straw, and the third is to apply 2.5 kg urea per mu before and after the Spring Festival, that is, from mid-February to early March. 6. control of diseases and insect pests: the main pests of Ziyunying are aphids, leaf miners, thrips and stalk borer flies, which can be sprayed with 20% dimethoate 1000-2000 times dilution. Where the water source is convenient, aphids or stalk-eaten flies are found at the seedling stage, which can be drained after being soaked through the top of the leaves for 3 hours to kill the flies. The main diseases are powdery mildew and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which can be controlled by stone-sulfur mixture (Baume 0.3 degree). 7. Timely harvest: Ziyunying should be harvested in time from full bloom to the first pod. The yield of Artemisia mandshurica should be controlled within 2000 kg per mu (within the range of 4 bends). Too high yield will cause excessive absorption of soil nitrogen fertilizer and affect crop growth in the next season. 8. Timely retting and returning to the field: timely retting is the last link to improve the yield and fertilizer efficiency of Artemisia mandshurica, which is easy to be ignored in production, the yield is not high, the nitrogen content of fresh grass is low, the water content is high, and the fertilizer efficiency is not high. If the retting is too late, although the yield is high, the cellulose and lignin in the fresh grass are increased, and the plant is aging, which is not conducive to decay and decomposition, and the fertilizer efficiency is not high. Moreover, the decomposition of organic acid and a large amount of carbon nitride and hydrogen sulfide gas will affect the survival and tillering of early rice seedlings. Ploughing should be controlled at 60-70% of flowering, and 15-20 kg of lime should be applied per mu to accelerate its decomposition.