Planting techniques of figs

The cultivation techniques of figs are as follows:

(1) cultivation value

Figs are also known as milk berries. The fruit is soft and sweet, with special flavor, rich in fructose and glucose easily absorbed by the human body, high content of carotene and vitamin C, and contains a variety of digestive enzymes, which can help digestion, so it is a good health fruit. At the same time, traditional Chinese medicine believes that figs are sweet and flat in fruit, with appetizers, moistening intestines, anti-inflammation, detoxification, lactation, dysentery and treatment of hemorrhoids and other effects. Folk folk prescriptions are widely used, often with branches, leaves, roots and fruits as medicine. In recent years, through experiments on mice, figs also have a certain anticancer effect.

Ripe figs are not resistant to storage and transportation, but can be processed into candied fruit, jam, dried fruit and canned syrup.

Figs have the advantages of easy reproduction, simple management, early fruit and few diseases and insect pests, smooth branches and leaves, strong adsorption and resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, can eliminate pollution, purify the air, and root systems are resistant to heavy salt and alkali (generally up to 0.3%-0.4%). Therefore, behind the house, around the factories and mines, especially in the vast coastal beach areas, the development of fig production is very promising.

(2) main species and varieties

Figs belong to the genus of figs of Moraceae, and only figs (FicuScarica) are cultivated as fruit trees. According to whether its normal fruiting needs pollination and the type of flowers, it can be divided into 4 groups or varieties. Most of the cultivated varieties belong to the common fig group, and there are only female flowers in the cryptocephalous inflorescence, which can bear unisexual fruit without pollination. According to the harvest time, it can be divided into three types: autumn fruit special type, summer fruit special type and summer and autumn fruit type.

At present, the varieties planted in China are basically quoted from Europe, America and Japan, and some of their original names have been lost and have been given another synonym. There are many varieties cultivated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Blanrek, Brown Turkey, California Black, Penglai Persimmon, Ma Yi Tao Fen, Albania 1, Xinyang 88 and Lukang 1 and so on. The temperature in winter in North China is low, and figs are easy to freeze, so we should pay attention to the adaptability of varieties when introducing.

(3) growth and fruiting habits

Figs are subtropical deciduous shrubs or small trees. Long-lived figs can also grow into big trees under suitable conditions. Fig is well developed, drought-resistant and salt-tolerant, aerobic stain taboo. The branches grow fast and have few branches, and only a few buds at the end of the branches extend upward and outward every year. Except for the basal nodes, 2-3 buds can be formed in the axils of each leaf, one of which is a round flower bud. After entering the fruiting stage, except for the growing branches, almost all the new shoots in the crown can become fruiting branches. Therefore, the fruit can begin in 2-3 years after planting, and the full fruit period can be entered in 7-10 years.

Flower buds differentiate and develop further and become a unique inflorescence receptacle fruit. Inflorescence receptacle fruit fleshy saccate, with a small hole at the top, covered by surrounding scales. There are thousands of florets arranged on the inner wall of the inflorescence receptacle, forming a hidden inflorescence, so the appearance can only see the fruit but not the flower. Florets can bear unisexual fruit without pollination. The edible part is actually formed by the common hypertrophy of the inflorescence receptacle and most of the small fruits wrapped by the inflorescence receptacle.