Planting techniques of hanging melon and control of diseases and insect pests

Diaogua is a perennial herbaceous vine of Cucurbitaceae. Hanging melon seeds are large and fleshy, rich in fat, protein and a variety of amino acids and trace elements, is the best edible melon. Its root, fruit, melon peel and melon seed are also important Chinese medicinal materials. Hanging melon is not strict on the soil, it is not only suitable for sporadic planting, but also can be planted in pieces, and it can also be interplanted with planting investment in one year, benefit from harvest for many years, labor-saving, cost-saving, good economic benefit and great development potential. First, growth habits. Diaogua likes warm and humid climate, has good cold tolerance, is not tolerant to drought and is afraid of waterlogging. The suitable temperature for growth and development of Diaogua is 18-32 ℃, and its growth basically stops at 10 ℃. It is better to plant in deep, loose, moist but non-waterlogged soil, rather than in dry or lowland. 2. Propagation method 1. Seed propagation: from late September to early October, on the improved varieties with high seed setting rate, large fruit, many seeds, grain weight and good quality, ripe and pest-free fruits were selected as seeds, and the seeds were placed in a dry and ventilated place to survive the winter. The seeds are usually sown in mid-late February. First of all, the seedbed should be prepared, the seedbed should choose a warm and sunny place, raise seedlings in a small arch shed, the bed soil should be loose and well drained, and the bottom water should be poured before sowing. Soak the seeds with clean water for about 2 days before sowing, remove and drain and soak them in warm water of about 50 ℃ for 10 minutes to germinate the seeds and kill some bacteria, and then sow seeds. After sowing the seeds into the seedbed, cover the fine soil with 3 cm, water and moisturize, and cover with plastic film to preserve soil moisture. Remove the film after coming out of the seedling, cool down and refine the seedling, and wait for the seedling to grow to about 10 cm. It can also be raised by direct seeding at the end of March, sowing 2-3 seeds per hole, covering 3-5 cm of soil, and the soil is always moist. 2. Split-root propagation: split-root propagation should be from the middle of February to the end of March, and the old roots of hanging melons with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests should be selected for propagation, pay attention to the ratio of male and female plants, and put the root buds up into the hole when planting. After covering the soil, the soil is firm and moist, and the seedlings can be produced in about one month, which can bear fruit in that year. Third, field management 1, column scaffolding: when the stem vine reaches more than 30 cm, it is necessary to build scaffolding, generally using permanent cement columns, the distance between scaffolding columns is determined according to materials, bamboo scaffolding surface, scaffolding column spacing 3-4 meters is appropriate. If the steel wire frame surface, the distance between the columns is 5-6 meters, the shed height is about 1.8 meters, the scaffolding should be firm, flat, ventilated and ventilated. 2. Fertilizer and water management: the fertilizer and water management of hanging melon is mainly to apply sufficient organic fertilizer in winter and spring, once after melon harvest to overwintering, and once before rattan in spring. Fertilization should not be too close to the root, otherwise it will cause rotten root to die. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer skillfully applying topdressing fertilizer, in the middle and late growth of hanging melon, it is high temperature, easy drought season and large leaf evaporation, so we should pay attention to watering, heat preservation and drought resistance, shallow loosening topsoil, weeding and preserving soil moisture. 3. Improve the fruit setting rate: hanging melon is dioecious. In order to improve the fruit setting rate, it is appropriate to plant 5 male plants per mu, and control the growth of male vines. In addition, artificial pollination can be carried out.