Matching techniques of close planting in three rows of narrow trenches on ridges of soybean

The matching technology of close planting of three rows of narrow furrows on soybean ridges is a set of new soybean cultivation model independently developed by agricultural scientists and technicians in the reclamation area, and passed the appraisal of scientific research achievements of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department in December 2005. On the whole, this technology has reached the advanced level of soybean cultivation technology in similar areas in China, and reached the domestic leading level in mechanization and reasonable close planting technology. Because of its wide adaptation area, strong anti-disaster ability, simple mechanical modification, comprehensive technical assembly, convenient operation and large increase in production, it has been popularized more than 1 million mu in the past six years, with an average increase of 30kg per mu and an increase of more than 20%. In this paper, the matching techniques of close planting in three rows of narrow furrows on soybean ridges are described in detail. The main results are as follows: (1) the technical model of dense planting in three rows of narrow furrow on soybean ridge: row spacing 65cm, seedling bandwidth 24cm, three seedling bands on the ridge, and the row spacing between seedling belts is 12cm, respectively. The best population density was 28000 ~ 31000 plants / mu for tall stalk varieties and 31000 ~ 33000 plants / mu for semi-dwarf varieties. The grain litter of 28000 plants in three rows of rice was 9 grains, with a total of 27 grains per rice. 31000 strains had 11 grains between two rows of rice, 8 grains between middle rows and 30 grains of amidine in three rows. There were 11 grains between two rows of rice and 10 grains between middle rows of 33000 plants, with a total of 32 grains per rice in three rows. Its advantages are: wide platform on the ridge to resist drought and waterlogging, good reasonable cover degree of the population, early ridge closure and high yield. (2) the technology of soil preparation in autumn takes deep pine as the center to do a good job in soil preparation in autumn, and deep loosening, ploughing and raking stubble tillage are carried out respectively within 3 years, ridging in autumn, use of autumn rain, winter snow and spring, spring drought and autumn prevention, and ensuring a single sowing to protect the whole seedling. The specific requirements of soil preparation are as follows: turning 22cm in autumn, turning 15cm in shallow, and loosening 30cm in deep, so that the soil in plough layer is flat, loose, broken and solid. Ridging with seven-share ploughing, ridge distance 65cm, in order to enhance the ability of drought and flood resistance. (3) High-oil and high-yield varieties were selected to adapt to the local ecology, with oil content of more than 21.5%, protein content of more than 38%, high yield potential and strong stress resistance. Such as: Kenjiandou 25, Mengdou 14, Jiangmodou 1, Mengdou 12, Heihe 27, Mengdou 9 and so on. Seed treatment has gone through three hurdles, seed selection, seed dressing and nano-device treatment. 4 seed coating for pest control and disease control seeds 1.5% 2% green seed coating agent, or American Weifu seed coating agent 1 ∶ 200, or 100 kg bean seeds coated with 35% Kefu 1.5 kg + Weifu 0.5kg to control soybean root diseases and insect pests. Seed dressing with 0.1% phoxim EC to control soybean root miner. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was controlled by foliar spraying of thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and sclerotiorum. Dichlorvos fumigation was used to control soybean heart borer at the initial stage of soybean podding. (5) popularizing nano-biological growth aids Nano-863 biological growth aids can promote the growth of animals and plants by increasing the energy of water, feed, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and can promote the activity of crop roots and the activity of nitrate reductase. Enhance the ability to absorb water and fertilizer, use nitrogen fertilizer, save fertilizer and medicine. The soybean seeds were treated with the nano-device hole facing the seed heap for 5 hours, and the soybean seeds were sown within 3 days; after the seedlings, the water treated by the nano-device for 5 hours was mixed with herbicides, which could reduce the amount of herbicides by 25%, and achieve the same weeding effect as conventional drugs. Nanoscale seed and fertilizer treatment has become a mature technology in Daxing'anling reclamation area, which has the effects of strengthening roots and long leaves, increasing seed setting rate, promoting ripening and increasing yield, and saving cost and labor. (6) Formula fertilization strongly advocates the application of organic fertilizer, fertilization and soil improvement, the combination of use and cultivation, and the improvement of soil structure so as to make the sustainable use of cultivated land. 3 tons per mu, once every 3 years, combined with soil preparation, once as base fertilizer. According to the local soil test results, and the soil fertilizer supply capacity, combined with the fertilizer utilization rate, the per unit yield level was designed according to the local production conditions, and the amount of planting fertilizer was determined reasonably by science and technology. The seed fertilizer must be deeply applied or layered under the seed, and the fertilizer should be deeply applied to the 5~8cm of the seed, and the seed and fertilizer should not be in the same position to avoid burning seeds. Niansheng brand northeast soybean special fertilizer (No. 2) is a potassium sulfate type six-element compound fertilizer (including N15, P30, K15, Zn0.5, B0.5, Mo0.5) produced by Daxing'anling Reclamation area and Yunnan Red phosphorus Company. It has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, convenient application, low cost and good effect. The application amount of 12~15kg per mu increased the yield by more than 8%, and the reclamation area was extended to more than 1 million mu for 4 consecutive years. The growth period of soybean varieties cultivated in eastern Inner Mongolia is 95-130 days, seed fertilizer and base fertilizer can not meet the fertilizer requirements of soybean in different periods, and the yield is seriously reduced in the later stage. For this reason, great attention should be paid to the application of foliar fertilizer. During the growth period, the extra-root topdressing was carried out according to "looking at the sky, looking at the earth and looking at seedlings". In soybean seedling stage, urea 300g+20ml Yunda-120g to water 30kg / mu, urea 300g+20ml Yunda-120g / mu to water 30kg / mu (flowering stage), urea 300g+20ml / 100g / mu to water 30kg / mu, urea 300g+20ml / 100g / mu to water 30kg before ridge sealing (podding stage). (7) the high efficient weeding technology of soybean can be controlled by the following formula for Brassica oleracea, cauliflower and borage in soybean field. 7.1 pre-sowing or post-sowing soil treatment formula (mu) 72% isopropachlor 133 ml 75% thienesulfuron 1g 48% Tian Deji 66ml X 72% Acetochlor 70ml 90% Acetochlor 66ml 75% thiophenol sulfuron 1g 48% Tian Deji 66ml; 30kg per mu of spraying water, the difference of soil moisture affects the weeding effect. Long residual herbicides such as sulfuron-methyl, dou-Yi mixture and 50% Acetochlor should be eliminated to reduce drug damage and post-crop effects. 7.2 Chemical weeding formula after soybean seedling treatment was carried out at the stage of 1-2 compound leaves of weeds, when chemical weeding was safe for soybean and had good weeding effect. The use of compound preparation or ternary or quaternary mixing is recommended in addition to post-seedling transformation of soybeans. Such as Jingguang tiger, three brothers, ploughing field easy and other compound forms, a product at the same time kill Gramineae and broad-leaved weeds, and the dosage is small, easy to use, basically no drug harm, good weed control effect. ① uses 35% Jinghuanghu 20000m1+ auxiliaries per mu; ② uses 13.6% of the three brothers 266ml per mu; ③ ploughs the field with 18% per mu and is easy to 200~300ml. Take natural water from chemical water, high water temperature, complete nutrients, water consumption per mu is not less than 30kg. Plant oil auxiliaries should be added in case of drought; it is best to spray medicine after 4: 00 p. M. or at night, and choose high atomization spraying machinery. 8Popularization and application of Yunda-120, a plant growth regulator mainly Yunda-120, is a new type of efficient plant growth regulator developed by Yunnan University. Its effective ingredient is "brassinolide", which is an endogenous hormone that exists widely in plants. It can significantly enhance the physiological and metabolic function of plants. There are two application methods of Yunda-120 in soybean: seed dressing and foliar spraying. Seed dressing: after seed cleaning, 5ml Yunda-120 is mixed according to the amount of seeds used per mu, or mixed with soybean seed coating agent, and the seeds can be sown after drying. After seed dressing with Yundayi 120, soybean sprouted early, rooting fast, unearthed early, resistant to low temperature, black-green leaves, uniform seedlings, strong seedlings, increased 100-grain weight by 0.2-0.3 g, promoted early maturity for 2-3 days, and increased yield by 10%. Foliar spraying: in soybean seedling stage, flower and pod stage, mu with Yunda-120 (20mn to water 30kg spray. The seed setting rate of soybean increased by 8%, matured 5-7 days ahead of time, 100-grain weight increased by 0.5-0.7 g, soybean seeds were full, bright color, and increased yield by 18.2%. Yunda-120 can alleviate herbicide damage, low temperature chilling injury and frost, and can obviously enhance the drought resistance of crops. Spraying water 30kg with 20ml Yunda-120 + rice vinegar 50ml per mu, or spraying water 30kg with 0.13% Kangkai 2kg / mu + Yiwei 20 ~ 30ml per mu can effectively reduce drug damage and frost. The application of Yunda-120 in seed dressing, seedling stage and flower-pod stage of soybean, combined with urea, rice vinegar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace element fertilizer, can achieve the purpose of increasing yield, increasing efficiency and improving quality. (9) to implement soybean water-saving irrigation in the flowering and podding stage of soybean, it is necessary to create conditions and implement water-saving irrigation according to precipitation, so as to ensure the water demand of soybean and realize the yield and quality improvement of soybean. This technology realizes the close combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and is suitable for popularization in areas with short growth period, low accumulated temperature and dry soil. it will significantly improve the comprehensive production level of soybean in high and cold areas, promote the process of soybean quality and industrialization, and enhance the market competitiveness of commercial soybean, which is an effective way for farmers to increase production and income in the main soybean producing areas.