Breeding and management techniques of sows in different stages

According to the growth and breeding law of sows, it can be divided into five stages: backup sows, pregnant sows, parturient sows, lactating sows and empty sows. The quality of feeding and management in each stage has a direct impact on the growth, reproduction and value of sows. Therefore, to do well the feeding and management of sows at all stages is the key to improve the reproductive performance of sows.

Key techniques of feeding and management of reserve sows

The reserve sow refers to the sow reserved for breeding from the age of 2 months to the first mating. This stage of feeding should not only maintain its normal growth and development, but also maintain proper fat, too fat, too thin will lead to abnormal estrus, fertilization rate, fecundity decline.

Breed selection reserve sows generally take Landrace and Yorkshire as the main female parents, and have excellent breed characteristics, requiring good physique, sound physique, symmetrical, straight topline, strong and tidy limbs, good development of external reproductive organs, neat and uniform nipple arrangement, more than 6 pairs of effective nipples.

The density is suitable for rural areas. Sows, litters and lactation are generally raised in the same house. Each sow should keep an enclosure area of 12 ~ 15 square meters. If sows are raised in separate houses according to stages, the reserve sows generally take 4 ~ 6 as a column, each occupying an area of about 2 square meters. High density will affect the growth and development of reserve sows, resulting in tail-biting addiction.

Limited feeding of reserve sows starts from 60kg body weight, using reserve sow feed and limited feeding to ensure a balanced supply of protein, VA, VD and VE, with a daily feed of 1.5kg ~ 1.8kg. When the body weight is 80 kg, the daily feeding amount is 1.6 kg ~ 2 kg. Qualified farmers can also increase high-quality green feed.

The amount of sufficient drinking water is generally 3 ~ 5 times of the amount of dry powder consumed. Insufficient drinking water will limit food intake and reduce the production performance of reserve sows. Generally, in addition to installing automatic drinking fountains with a height of 0.6 cm ~ 0.75 cm from the ground and a downward angle of 45 °, clean drinking water should also be added to the material trough to ensure supply.

Training management reserve sows should strengthen training management after entering the house. in addition to training them to feed and defecate, they should also often touch the sows when sweeping and feeding, so as to achieve the friendly relationship between pigs and people and facilitate future management.

At the age of 7 months, the reserve sows for deworming and epidemic prevention were subcutaneously injected with avermectin of 0.3 mg per kilogram to dispel parasites in the body, spray 2% trichlorfon all over the body, and dispel external parasites once. Swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, parvovirus, pseudorabies gene deletion vaccine and highly pathogenic porcine blue ear disease vaccine were injected every 7 to 10 days.

Timely mating reserve sows can only be mated after 2 ~ 3 estrus periods when they reach the age of 8 months and their body weight is about 100 kg. Estrus observation was carried out before early feeding and after afternoon feeding every day, when there were micro-wrinkles in the vulva cracks, the mucous membrane color changed from bright red to lacquer red, mucus constantly or pressed on the sow waist, and two ears stood upright and motionless, that is, the best time for mating, it should be mated twice continuously with an interval of 8 hours to 12 hours.

Establish a file to register the ear number, epidemic prevention, medication, estrus and mating of each reserve sow in detail, so as to guide the production.