How to improve the quality of cocoon

The price of cocoons has continued to rise in recent years, which has greatly increased the enthusiasm of farmers for sericulture. The benefit of sericulture depends on the output and quality of cocoons, especially the quality of cocoons. According to many years' practical experience, the author summed up the countermeasures to improve the cocoon quality, which can be used as a reference for sericulturists.

1. Technical factors affecting cocoon quality

1. Mulberry diseases and insect pests are serious, which is an important reason affecting cocoon quality. In recent years, mulberry red spider, mulberry borer, mulberry caterpillar and other pests have occurred in different areas, resulting in the reduction of the quality of mulberry leaves, affecting the healthy development of silkworms, and then affecting the quality of silkworm cocoons; at the same time, the work of disinfection and disease prevention in rural areas has not been comprehensive and thorough. the spread of silkworm disease has led to an increase in the number of undesirable cocoons such as thin-skinned cocoons and dead cocoons.

2. Heavy expansion of silkworm, light expansion of mulberry. Some areas forcibly apportion silkworm eggs while ignoring the basis of mulberry trees, resulting in a serious lack of mulberry. Sericulturists generally prematurely add molting hormone to silkworms, resulting in small and thin cocoons and short and thin cocoon filaments.

3. The technology and facilities of sericulture are not in place, and the scientific sericulture technology centered on the co-rearing of young silkworms has not been implemented. Most farmers have poor sericulture facilities, no special silkworm houses, no disinfection pools, and even some farmers have insufficient silkworm plaques, let alone small silkworm special rooms. Conventional sericulture techniques are difficult to implement, resulting in low yield per unit area and unguaranteed cocoon quality.

4. the improvement of equipment and the management of equipment need to be strengthened. The use of excellent tools and the creation of a good environment are important measures to improve the quality of cocoons. Because many cocoons are picked ahead of time, some are covered with plastic film after cocooning, or do not open doors and windows for ventilation at all, which does not play a good role; some cocoons are not updated in time; some are poorly managed and overdense, resulting in an increase in the number of lower cocoons such as double palace cocoons, which seriously affects the quality of silkworm cocoons.

2. Countermeasures to improve the quality of cocoons

1. Reasonably determine the exit time of silkworm eggs, and do a good job in mulberry fertilization and pest control. Based on the careful analysis of the law of climate change over the years and the meteorological forecast of the current year, and according to the data of the time and yield of silkworm rearing in the past years, the best date of silkworm eggs was determined in order to avoid the harm of high temperature in late spring and low temperature in late autumn, and choose the 5th instar and last season of silkworms in sunny days as far as possible. Improve mulberry cutting technology, appropriately increase cutting position, promote early emergence of mulberry buds in spring, pay attention to pest control and fertilizer management according to local conditions, and promote mulberry leaf yield increase.

2. Strictly prevent silkworm disease. The reason for the serious occurrence of silkworm disease in recent years is that the silkworm has not been completely disinfected before, in and after the silkworm. Therefore, a training course on scientific sericulture techniques centered on silkworm disease control should be held to implement comprehensive and thorough disinfection and disease prevention measures to sericulturists so as to minimize the loss caused by silkworm disease.

3. Strengthen the co-rearing of young silkworms. Raising young silkworms well is the basis of high quality and high yield of cocoons. In recent years, the co-rearing of young silkworms has been vigorously promoted in some areas, and the average per unit yield has increased by about 15%. As long as the co-rearing technology of young silkworms is fully implemented, the per unit yield and quality of cocoons can be greatly improved.

4. Make sure that good mulberry has enough to eat. The length of each cocoon silk is an important index to measure the cocoon quality. Therefore, it is necessary to raise silkworms in quantity, feed well and raise scientifically, so that each cocoon silk is more than 1000 meters long.

5. Improve the conditions of sericulture. Sericulture facilities should achieve "four matching": first, in accordance with the requirements of the standardization of silkworm rearing technology, the matching of silkworm equipment in special silkworm rooms; second, with the goal of eliminating pathogens, to achieve the matching of disinfection pools, silkworm bunkers and disinfection sprayers for sericulture and disease prevention; third, according to the needs of intensive production, silkworm platform, silkworm tools, equipment matching Fourth, do a good job of mulberry varieties for young silkworms and strong silkworms and crops between mulberry gardens, reasonable intercropping to improve the quality of mulberry leaves.

6. make great efforts to popularize cardboard squares and do a good job in the management of paperboard squares. When selecting high-quality checkered silkworms, it is necessary to achieve rare cooked silkworms, and the temperature is 23: 25 ℃ and humidity is 65% and 75%. When cooked silkworms locate cocoons and most of them have formed thin-skinned cocoons, open doors and windows to ventilate and drain moisture, turn over and dry silkworms in 3 days to strengthen ventilation. Pick cocoons at the right time.