How to fertilize red Fuji apples?

How to fertilize red Fuji apples? Please introduce in detail the problems of blind fertilization and improper fertilization methods in many orchards in recent years, which have an extremely adverse impact on the high quality and high yield of fruit. In particular, the orchards of high-grade fruits such as Red Fuji should be fertilized with "formula, high efficiency, low consumption, high yield and green". Current situation and existing problems of fertilization ① organic fertilizer is insufficient. The content of organic matter in most orchards is 0.8%-1.2%, and that in individual orchards can reach 1.2%-1.6%. In order to meet the requirements of strong tree body, stable yield and high quality, the content of organic matter should be more than 1.6%. The proportion of fertilizer application in ② is inappropriate. In production, attention is often paid to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (compound fertilizer), while the application of medium and trace elements, especially trace elements, is ignored, which leads to the imbalance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of fruit trees. The amount of fertilizer applied by ③ is inappropriate. Apply fertilizer blindly on the basis of experience and habit, some of them are too little, some are too much. The fertilization period of ④ is unreasonable. The application of base fertilizer is too late, resulting in insufficient growth of Chung shoots, vigorous growth of autumn shoots, and weak and unhealthy trees. The fertilization method of ⑤ is improper. Fertilization is too deep, the base fertilizer is lower than the root centralized distribution layer, and the available fertilizer is easy to be lost with water; fertilization is too close to the trunk or outside the crown, it can not be absorbed by the root; fertilization is dispersed, fertilizer use efficiency is low, waste is serious. Optimize the fertilization scheme 1. Determine the amount of fertilizer applied. Red Fuji apple with high quality fruit should produce 2500 kg of fruit per 667m2. ① absorption: 2500 kg of fruit is produced per 667m2, 7.875 kg of nitrogen, 2.15kg of phosphorus and 8kg of potassium are required. ② soil fertility (natural supply): the proportion of nutrient uptake of fruit trees in medium fertility soil is N 1max 3, P 1max 2, K 1max 2, N 2.625 kg, P 1.075 kg, K 4 kg per 667m2. ③ fertilizer use efficiency: after the fertilizer is applied to the soil, part of it is absorbed, part is fixed, and part is lost. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 30%, 30% and 40%, respectively. ④ fertilizer amount: 667m2 to produce 2500 kg fruit requires 17 kg of pure nitrogen, 3.5kg of pure phosphorus and 10kg of pure potassium. Due to unstable fertilizer quality and improper application methods, the actual amount of fertilizer application can be increased by 20%. ⑤ organic matter: soil organic matter needs to be replenished more than 120kg per 667m2 per year. two。 Fertilization scheme. Soil testing and formula fertilization is the core technology of scientific fertilization system at the present stage. Combined with the problems existing in fertilization and the relationship between vegetative growth and reproduction of apple trees and the characteristics of fertilizer demand, nitrogen fertilizer should be "stable and controlled" in fertilization. the suitable period of fertilization is before the year and in the middle and later period of growth. Phosphorus in the early growth, potassium in the middle and later growth, pay attention to the application of calcium fertilizer and trace elements to achieve balanced fertilization. ① base fertilizer: it is better to apply it as early as possible after harvest and at the latest after thawing. The main types of fertilization are organic fertilizer, combined with available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, fermented fresh chicken manure and other high-quality ring fertilizer more than 2500 kg or Kangzhuang organic fertilizer (organic matter content 50%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 7% 10%) 320kg, autumn type BB fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 30 ∶ 10 ∶ 5) ~ 50 kg. Fertilization method: dig a ring ditch or strip ditch with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 40 cm and 50 cm, and apply sandy soil into 4 holes with a depth of 30 cm and a diameter of 40 cm. The bottom of the hole is covered with clay, and the base fertilizer and available fertilizer are applied in the hole to form a concentrated nutrition hole: 250 grams of high-quality boron fertilizer (holding boron), 7 kilograms of high-quality zinc sulfate and 10 kilograms of ferrous sulfate can be added. ② topdressing was applied before the end of June after bagging, and the main type of fertilizer was available potassium fertilizer, combined with nitrogen fertilizer. 667 square meters summer-type BB fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen to potassium is 15 ∶ 20) 50 kg, dig 18-20 cm strip trench or annular ditch, can also be sprinkled and then shallow hoe; sandy land can be applied in nutrition holes. ③ foliar fertilizer: spray Hefeng zinc 1500 times before germination and 1000 times Sule boron twice before anthesis and after anthesis. During the growth period, it can be sprayed with 1500 times of iron, 1500 times of calcium and 1500 times of zinc. Spray 0.3% 0.5% urea solution as needed. Spray 0.3% 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times before harvest, and spray 1% urea solution after harvest. Click to get more apple tree planting techniques click to get more fruit planting techniques