Characteristics and cultivation points of Orchid

1. Tidbits orchids have a long history of cultivation in China, with a history of thousands of years. It has been cultivated all over the country, especially in the southwest and Taiwan. It has the reputation of "the first incense in the world" and "fragrant beauty". Orchid blossoms are plain and clean, soft and elegant, fragrant and pleasant, and are unique personified flowers in the world. In ancient times, it was recorded that "the words of one heart are as smelly as blue", comparing the refreshing fragrance of "orchid" with that of bosom friends. Therefore, later people often use the "Lan Yan" analogy to describe like-minded remarks. In Lisao, there is a poem "sewing Qiulan to wear", using "orchid" as a metaphor for "cleanliness". In Shuoyuan, there is a famous sentence, "within ten steps, there must be Fanglan", which expresses people's enthusiasm for life, and points out: as long as you can pay close attention to it, you will find that there are many beautiful things around us. The ancients Zhang Hua wrote in "Love Poems" that "the beauty is far away, but the orchid room has no light." Here, "orchid room" has become a synonym for women's living room. In the old days, "Meng Lan" was used to describe the signs of a woman's pregnancy. This allusion comes from the story recorded in "Zuo Zhuan Xuangong three years" that Zheng Wen Gong's concubine, Meng Angel, gave birth to Lan during the Spring and Autumn period. In ancient times, friends agreed that sworn brothers needed to exchange eight-character "music stickers" of birthdays. This "music paste" is called "orchid spectrum", so there is the saying of "golden orchid vows". The ancients called beautiful articles also known as "Lanzhang". Since ancient times in China, there have been many women with "orchid" in their names, such as "Mulan". There is the word "Lan" in Mei Lanfang, a master of Beijing Opera in China. Orchid is one of the oldest precious flowers in China. The aroma of orchids is clear but not turbid, and its fragrance is mellow, elegant, intriguing and persistent. The orchid is elegant in color, dignified and elegant in appearance, green all the year round, slender, firm and soft, elegant and elegant. As early as the Spring and Autumn period in China, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, planted large tracts of orchids in the mountains of Zhejiang. Orchid appreciation was popular in China in the Tang Dynasty. In the poem "Fang Lan" written by Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty: "the sun is different and the wind is light and fragrant." "Yingting contains light color, showing floating light" Li Bai's "Orchid fragrance is far away", Liu Yuxi's "Orchid is also fragrant in the secluded forest", and Meng Jiao's "the situation does not change its color, the orchid dies without changing its fragrance" are all good sentences about orchids. According to the record of Khan Manlu, Wang Wei, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was very good at raising orchids. A bluegrass side poem, half a delicate flower thousand paintings, bluegrass implication, beauty, elegance, non-thousand poems can be contained, non-picture can be painted. The earliest book in China to discuss the characteristics of orchid varieties, high quality and the methods of cultivation, management and irrigation is the Jin Zhanglan Spectrum written by Zhao Shigeng in the sixth year of Shaoding in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1233). Since then, there are more than ten works on orchids in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Wang's Orchid Spectrum by Wang Guiping, Lanpu by Gao Lian in the Ming Dynasty, the first incense by Zhu Kerou in the Qing Dynasty, and the Mirror of Orchid by Tu Yunzhuang in the Qing Dynasty. With the development of landscape architecture in New China, a large number of orchids have been introduced and cultivated all over the country, and many monographs about orchids have been published. such as "Cymbidium in Sichuan", "Orchid Spectrum in Xiamen", "Classification of Orchid in China", "Orchid" and so on. Since the Song Dynasty, Chinese orchids have spread to Japan and European countries. In recent years, in many countries, the industrialization of test-tube seedling production of orchids has unexpectedly formed an "orchid industry". 2. Ecological habits "orchid" is also known as "spring orchid", "orchid", "mountain orchid", "grass orchid", "blossoming fragrance" and so on. Orchidaceae, perennial evergreen herb. Roots fascicled, fleshy, cylindrical. Leaves linear, leathery. In early spring, there are many flowering stems between leaves, with one flower at the top of each stem, with yellowish green flowers and delicate fragrance. There are many cultivation types and many chimes. It is one of the potted ornamental plants with a long history in China. Wild in the east, central and south, southwest of China, under the shade of hillside trees. Like a warm, well-ventilated, humid environment. It is suitable to be cultivated in slightly acidic soil with rich organic fertilizer and good drainage. Strong cold resistance. 3. Cultivation essentials (1) the root system of flowerpot orchid is relatively well developed. according to the requirement of hydrophobic ventilation habit of orchid, the flowerpot selected by orchid is more special than the general flowerpot. Should choose the texture is coarse, the beautiful glaze, the bottom edge is more empty, has the basin foot "orchid pot" to raise "orchid" is better. The "orchid pot" is generally large and small, with a deep bottom, like a mouth-up trumpet. There are water holes at the bottom, and there are many small water holes in the lower part of the basin for a week. The aim is to make the roots of orchids more breathable. Newly planted orchids are best planted in tile "orchid pots". After being cultivated for more than a year, the new root can be moved to the beautiful purple sand "orchid pot" after the new root develops normally. (2) the key to growing orchids in soil lies in the use of soil. Orchids are semi-airroot flowers, which must use acidic soil containing humus and good air permeability. The mountain mud in which orchids grow in mountain areas has a better cultivation effect. Orchid soil can also be prepared by using 70% sandy loam and 30% coarse-grained humus. After blending, it can only be used after stacking for more than three years. The selected basin soil should be screened to separate the coarse particles from the fine particles. The basin soil should be sterilized to prevent insect pests. It can be prevented by spraying with 800-fold liquid of "topzine" or "Bordeaux liquid". Now the flower and bird market has ready-made orchid special cultivation soil for sale, the use effect is very good, it is clean without strange smell, and can be used whenever you buy it. (3) the new roots of wild orchids dug up from the mountains have not yet been planted, and there are more roots to be cut off, so it is necessary to clear the soil from the roots, wash them with clean water, and cut off the withered and scorched leaves. For leaves infected with disease and insect spots, the disease spots should be cut off mercilessly. In addition, the rotten and yellow old roots should be cut off. If the orchid is not fully rooted, the old root and root core without root tip should be retained. It is best to mix the orchid plant with 600-fold solution of "killing" or "killing alum" or medical "penicillin" and "streptomycin". Each bottle of injection powder is dissolved in 2.5 kg of water, soak in the solution for two hours, and then remove and wash it. Drying the orchid root in the sun can activate the vitality of the orchid plant, make the orchid root soft, easy to straighten out, not easy to break, and easy to put on the basin. In order to prevent the orchid leaves from drying, you can shade the orchid leaves from the sun, usually with about 2 hours of light. When the light reaches the pale root of the orchid, separate the seedlings with a sharp blade and remove too many leafless pseudobulbs, because there are some leafless pseudobulbs that will not germinate at all. The general practice is to plant one or two conjoined seedlings and leave 1 or 2 fresh pseudobulbs. More than three conjoined seedlings, no matter how many leafless pseudobulbs are contiguous, should be broken apart and treated separately. The incision can be coated with plant ash or sulfur powder for anticorrosion. Then, according to the length of the leaves, arrange them into the basin. The bottom hole of the orchid basin should be covered with about 1/4 large charcoal, first put coarse soil, and then put a small amount of fine soil. The roots of orchids should be scattered when planting, and the flowerpots should be shaken several times when adding soil, and the depth should be close to the base of the leaves, and the soil on the basin should be arched a little bit and tightened a little bit, so that the roots of orchids stick to the soil to facilitate germination and growth. The surface of the flowerpot can put some small pumice or velvet grass to moisturize. Then pour thoroughly and fully water several times and put it in a cool and ventilated place. After five days, move the orchid pot to the half-yin and half-yang place for cultivation. It is traditionally believed that different varieties of orchids cannot be planted in the same pot. Because, long-term mixed planting will cause the variation of orchid varieties. For varieties with different flowering seasons, due to different management requirements, especially can not be mixed in a pot. Some orchids have different leaf shapes and colors, and they are not beautiful and lack of coordination when mixed together. It is a simple way to consciously mutagenize different orchid varieties and plant different orchid varieties in the same pot. But it will take a long time to do. (4) the best way to change the pot and introduce the orchid is from cool autumn to Xiaoyang spring in October. Because at this time, the new plant has basically matured and has not yet dormant, the trauma caused by changing the basin is easier to recover and has little effect on the germination and flowering of the following year. Orchids need to change pots once every two years. Changing pots early and changing pots frequently is disadvantageous to the growth of orchids. Some orchids cultivated with small "orchid pots" grow well. When orchid seedlings reach more than six seedlings, the pots should be changed once a year. For those orchids with poor growth and severe dry scorch of leaf tips, they may have rotten roots, or the soil may not be able to adapt. The basin should be changed in time at this time. Emergency basin change can be carried out at any time, but attention must be paid to keeping warm and humid after changing the basin. (5) watering orchids are terrestrial plants, which like moisturizing and waterlogging. Many beginners, for fear of lack of water, ended up watering too much water and rotting away the fleshy roots of orchids. The watering principle of Tupi orchids is "better dry than wet", as long as the orchid soil is kept moist. On the contrary, orchids cultivated in soilless culture are "better wet than dry". Orchids do not have high requirements for moisture, and should be dry rather than wet. In January and February, once a week; in March and April, every 3-4 days; in May, every 2 days; in June, once a day; in July and August, once every 3 days; from September to December, from twice a day to once a week, and be careful not to get caught in the rain. Orchids should be irrigated with river, spring and well water. If tap water is used, it should be kept for a period of time and can not be used until the chlorine in the water is released. In general, the pH value of watering orchids should be 5: 6. Acid-base test paper can be bought in the pharmacy to test the water quality. For those with insufficient acidity, you can add some salt and rice vinegar to the water to adjust it. Orchid watering is very knowledgeable, who should be watered at the edge of the basin. Summer season should be watered in the early morning or evening, avoid watering at noon, the amount of water should not be too large. Generally watering once a week, twice a week in summer, watering will lead to orchid root diseases and insect pests. Especially in the continuous rainy weather, the potted soil should be dry rather than wet, and the dry pot is beneficial to the orchid to produce new leaves. (6) from March to the middle of April, orchids can be exposed to the sun; from late April, after 9 o'clock in the morning, it is not suitable to bask in the sun; Chunlan can be exposed for two hours a day, and shade should be given early every day from June to September. Shading can be postponed after October. (7) the temperature orchid is more hardy and can be put outdoors for winter except in frozen days. Generally, when the outdoor temperature is 2: 3 ℃, the orchid should be moved indoors immediately. The temperature is high in summer, so it is necessary to spray orchids properly in dry season to cool and moisturize. (8) for newly planted orchids, fertilizers can not be fertilized until the new roots grow 2 centimeters long. generally, the new roots grow for about 2 months, and some people advocate that they should be cultivated for 1-2 years before fertilization. The fertilizer of orchid can be prepared by ourselves. the method is to use 4 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of bean cake, 6 parts of bone meal, mix well, store in the container and add water step by step, after fermentation for one year, dilute the use. Fertilization usually begins before the new grass is unearthed in May and stops by the Beginning of Autumn. Fertilizer should be applied every 15 to 20 days, and should be carried out in the evening. The principle of fertilization is to apply thin fertilizer diligently. Fertilize in the evening and water again the next morning. Commonly known as "backwater". There are 9 kinds of fertilizers applied to orchids: ① fertilizer: this fertilizer can promote the early germination of orchids. 0.2% "potassium sulfate compound fertilizer", "Shida" 500x liquid, "Huabao 4" 1000 times liquid, etc.; ② budding fertilizer: fertilization half a month after the application of soda fertilizer. Fertilizer and urge Su fertilizer, can also be changed to "Orchid King" 500x liquid; ③ flower bud fertilizer: at this time orchid leaf buds unearthed 3-5cm, in the suspended growth period, new buds rooting. At this time, the mother plant of orchid begins to enter the stage of reproductive growth, and the plant needs less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus fertilizer nutrition. The roots can be irrigated with 1000 times solution of "Huabao 3", and 800-1000 times solution of "potassium dihydrogen phosphate" and "borax" can be sprayed outside the roots. ④ promotes fertilizer: when the new buds grow 2 cm roots, the flower bud differentiation is certain, and the new buds are in urgent need of supplementary nutrition. At this time, "compound fertilizer" solution or spray "Huabao 5" should be applied once a month; ⑤ fertilizer: fertilization should be carried out about 30 days before flowering. Can apply a small amount of "potassium dihydrogen phosphate" 1000 times liquid, "Yiduo liquid fertilizer", "Xi Shuo" and so on; ⑥ manure: at this time the orchid comes from the flowering period. To give plants more nutritional supplements in time, 0.3% "potassium sulfate compound fertilizer" can be applied, and leaves can be sprayed with fertilizers such as "Xishuo", "Jialanbao", "Suizi", "plant fitness element", "compound trace elements" and so on. ⑦ cold-resistant fertilizer: before the orchid overwintering, apply more phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, phosphorus can reduce the freezing point of plant cells, potassium can make plant cellulose increase and promote plant cortex toughness. Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer in cold winter days; ⑧ accompany marriage fertilizer: refers to a balanced fertilizer of three elements applied to plants before dividing plants and before changing pots, in order to improve the survival and rejuvenation of plants. Fertilizers such as "Huabao 2", "Mineral Fitness element" and "Mei Neng Su" can be sprayed on the leaves. ⑨ Cui Gen fertilizer: when applying fertilizer to promote rooting, you can spray leaves with 1500 times liquid of "promoting root growth" or 1000 times liquid of "potassium dihydrogen phosphate", or choose 1000 times liquid of "cyanobacteria king" or 3000 times liquid of "promoting root growth". If each fertilizer is fertilized once or twice, it can be applied more than 10 times a year. It should be paid special attention that tea water and tea dregs can not be used as fertilizer for orchids, because they are alkaline, and their application will alkalize the soil matrix and affect the growth of orchids. The management of orchids can be summed up in four sentences: "Spring does not come out, summer does not come out, autumn is not dry, and winter is not wet." Orchids "like to be fat but afraid of turbid", so the fertilizer must be thin, otherwise it will hurt the leaves and roots.