Planting and sharing: cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

Some time ago, some netizens called and said: there are few Pleurotus ostreatus in the market now, and the price is good. I want to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus in the greenhouse. But there are some technical shortcomings. Answer: in view of this situation, we suggest using the method of planting Pleurotus ostreatus in bags. at present, there are many methods to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus in our country, such as bed planting, border planting, mushroom brick, bag planting, intercropping with vegetables or crops, and so on. Bag cultivation is a cultivation method in which the culture material is put into a plastic bag and cultured until the mushroom is produced. This is a widely used cultivation method in production at present, and it has many advantages; first, raw materials are easily available (agricultural and sideline products such as plant straw, bran, shell, etc.), waste utilization, turning waste into treasure. Second, it is both labor-saving and easy to manage, and third, three-dimensional cultivation can make full use of site space. Fourth, it can use a variety of sites, indoor, greenhouse, civil air defense fortifications, but also can be put into crops, vegetable fields for intercropping. The technological process of bag cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus is as follows: preparation of culture material + preparation of plastic bags + bagging inoculation + accumulation of bacteria + management of mushroom emergence period + harvest. Technical points of bag cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus: first, Pleurotus ostreatus is a woody saprophytic fungus. Agricultural and sideline products such as plant straw, bran and shell containing woody fiber can be used as culture materials for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus. There are three commonly used: (1) cottonseed hull. ① take fresh cottonseed hulls and mix them with water directly, so that the water content of the material is about 65%. 500 grams of material and water 550-650 ml. ⑦ is mixed with 1% lime water, containing 7 and Yu ditto. ③ is mixed with 1% lime water and 0.1% carbendazim, the water content is the same as above. Carbendazim has bactericidal effect, and lime water can adjust the PH value and inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. Therefore, it is not easy to cause miscellaneous bacteria pollution when the temperature is low, and mixing materials with clean water can reduce the cost; when the temperature is high, mix materials with lime water to prevent pollution; when the temperature is higher, mix materials with lime water and carbendazim to ensure the success of cultivation. (2) corn core (2340,-4.00,-0.17%). ① crushed the corncob (fresh and moldy) into the size of soybeans (4466,-4.00,-0.09%), soaked it in 1% lime water for 24 hours, took out and slightly filtered out the excess water, and added 20-30% cottonseed husk to make the moisture content of the material reach about 65%. ② corncob 78%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%, add appropriate amount of water, cottonseed hull or wheat bran is added to increase nutrition, all culture materials except cottonseed hull need to be added, (3) peanut shell and straw. ① crushed peanut shell and straw 78%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%, add the right amount of water. ② crushed peanut shell and straw 79%, cottonseed shell 20%, gypsum powder 1%, add the right amount of water. Other agricultural and sideline products are used as culture materials, and the blending method is basically the same as that of peanut shells. Second, the specification of the plastic bag requires a plastic cylinder with a thickness of 0.03-0.04cm, a width of 24-30cm and a length of 40-50cm (with openings at both ends). Third, bagging and inoculating one end of the plastic tube with a plug made of a clean cottonseed shell of old newspaper rolls (3cm in diameter and 6cm in length), or a corncob plug with 0.3% carbendazim or potassium permanganate solution, sprinkled with some bacteria, then loaded into the culture material and compacted at the same time. In the middle of the load, sprinkle another layer of bacteria, and then continue to load. When loading to 67.6cm from the mouth of the bag, sprinkle some bacteria, flatten and compact them, so that the bacteria are in close contact with the material. Then take another stopper and fasten the mouth of the bag. The function of the plug is breathable, or it can be used without the plug, but the germ speed is slower. The amount of inoculation is generally 1. 5% of the material. Pay attention to sprinkling more bacteria near the mouth of the bag to give priority to the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, and it is difficult for miscellaneous bacteria to breed. Note: the mixed culture materials must be bagged and inoculated on the same day. The inoculation time is generally from September to early March of the following year, with early spring sowing and late autumn sowing, and the temperature is below 20 ℃. This is not only conducive to the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus, but also not conducive to the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. In civil air defense fortifications or other places where temperature can be controlled manually, it can be produced all the year round. Fourth, the accumulation of bacteria will tie the mouth of the bag layer by layer stacking together, the number of accumulation layer should be determined according to the temperature at that time, the temperature is about 10 ℃, can pile 3-4 stories high, 18 20 C, 2 layers is appropriate, 20 ℃ above, the bag can be arranged into a flower pile or flat on the ground, in case the material temperature in the bag is too high and burn the mycelium. After 15 days or so, the temperature in the bag is basically stable, and then piled into 67 or more layers. The material temperature begins to rise 2 days after inoculation, and attention should be paid to prevent the material temperature from exceeding 35 ℃. When the temperature rises to 32 ℃, open the doors and windows in time and spray water to the ground to cool down. If the temperature continues to rise, you can dump the pile or reduce the number of layers. It is best to control the temperature at about 24 ℃. About 15 days to adjust the pile, put the mycelium growth well together, the poor together, pick out the contaminated ones. Unlock the mouth of the bag with light pollution, leave it in a cool place for a few days, or smear it with 0.3% carbendazim, and bury the heavily polluted one. In this way, the mushroom is neat and easy to manage. The indoor air humidity is kept at about 65%, and the mycelium can grow well in about 30 days. Management of mushroom emergence period when the hyphae are covered with culture materials, after 510 days, under suitable environmental conditions, buds will appear in the bag. At this time to unlock the mouth of the bag in time, remove the corncob plug (corncob plug does not need to be removed), turn over the mouth of the bag to expose the bud pile. At this point, water is sprayed to the ground, and the relative humidity of indoor air should be kept at 85.90%. Water spraying times: generally 2-3 times a day, spray more in sunny days, less spray or no spray in cloudy days. If the culture material is too dry or the air humidity is too low, it will cause young mushrooms to wither. Should be properly ventilated to prevent excessive temperature and humidity. Spraying water too early or too high temperature and humidity will also cause the death of mushrooms. Poor ventilation and high concentration of carbon dioxide will cause abnormal growth of fruiting body and become "Bigfoot mushroom". Also pay attention to light transmission, so that there is scattered light in the cultivation site. Light is a necessary condition for the differentiation of fruiting bodies. In dark conditions, buds cannot develop into normal fruiting bodies, but grow into a pile of dough-like things with no commercial value. In addition, after each harvest of mushrooms, proper heat preservation during the day and window cooling at night make the cultivation site form an obvious temperature difference, which is beneficial to the transformation of mycelium to fruiting body. Sixth, after the emergence of the harvest buds, it can be harvested after 10 days. The whole growth period of Pleurotus ostreatus takes about 35-40 days from inoculation to the first batch of mushroom harvest. When the fruiting body stops growing, the color changes from dark to light close to white, and the best harvest time is before the spore ejection, when the mushroom body is thick, the taste is delicious, and the yield is high. After harvest, the early fruiting body has not yet grown up, the yield is low, and the late fruiting body elders are harvested, losing flavor and nutritional value, and can not be eaten and sold. Harvesting method: hold down the culture material with the left hand and tighten the mushroom handle with the right hand. It can also be cut with a knife where the stalk is close to the culture material. When each batch of mushrooms is harvested, all the mushrooms, big or small, are collected, which is easy to manage. After each batch of mushrooms are harvested, the dead mushrooms and stalks on the surface of the bag should be cleaned up to prevent decay. Stop spraying water for 4-5 days, and then spray water properly to keep the material surface moist. After about 10 days, mushroom buds grow again, which is still managed according to the management method of the first batch of mushrooms. This method can be used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus. After 4 crops of harvest, the plastic bags can be removed and the mushrooms can be buried in vegetable fields, shaded fields, cornfields or cotton fields. After watering, two crops of mushrooms can still be produced, which can not be compared with other cultivation methods.