What are the types and characteristics of climate?

Abstract: there are no specific latitude regional restrictions on climate types, the world can be roughly divided into 11 types: polar climate, temperate continental climate, temperate marine climate, temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical desert climate, savanna climate, tropical rain forest climate, tropical monsoon climate, Mediterranean climate and alpine plateau climate.

Climate types are not restricted by specific latitudes, the world can be roughly divided into 11 types: polar climate, temperate continental climate, temperate marine climate, temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical desert climate, savanna climate, tropical rain forest climate, tropical monsoon climate, Mediterranean climate and alpine plateau climate.

Tropical rain forest climate

The main features are high temperature and rainy throughout the year, no dry season, annual precipitation of more than 2000 mm, minimum monthly precipitation of more than 60 mm, and thundershowers. The monthly average temperature is 25: 28 ℃, the whole year is long in summer, and there is no seasonal variation. The annual range is generally less than 3 ℃, while the average diurnal range is 6: 12 ℃.

[distribution area] both sides of the equator of each continent extend about 5 °10 °to the south and north, such as the Amazon plain in South America, the Congo basin in Africa, the coast of the Gulf of Guia and some islands in eastern Asia.

[cause of formation] it is controlled by equatorial low pressure throughout the year, and updraft prevails.

[vegetation type] plants can grow all the year round, there are many tree species, and the vegetation is dense and layered.

[animal representatives] elephants, orangutans, hippopotamus, etc.

Savanna climate

[main features] there are distinct dry and wet seasons in a year. The wet season is wet and rainy, with dense tall grasses and shrubs and sparse trees. In the dry season, the soil is dry and cracked, the grass is yellow, and the trees are deciduous.

[distribution area] both sides of the equatorial rainy climate zone, that is, Central America, South America and Africa with latitudes of about 10 °15 °(some extending up to 25 °).

[cause of formation] low pressure (wet season) and trade wind belt (dry season) are controlled alternately.

[vegetation type] tropical sparse forest and steppe.

[animal representative] zebra, giraffe, antelope, etc.

Tropical desert climate

[main features] it is hot and dry all the year round and is known as the "hot pole" in the world. The precipitation is very little, the annual rainfall is less than 200 mm, and the variability is very large, even without rain for many years, with strong sunshine and exuberant evaporation, which aggravates the dryness of the climate.

[distribution area] is distributed outside the tropical dry and wet season climate zone, roughly between latitude 15-30 °north and south, and is most widely distributed in northern Africa, southwest Asia and central and western Australia.

[cause of formation] subtropical high and trade wind belt control.

[vegetation type] tropical desert.

[animal representative] unimodal camel. Abstract: there are no specific latitude regional restrictions on climate types, the world can be roughly divided into 11 types: polar climate, temperate continental climate, temperate marine climate, temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical desert climate, savanna climate, tropical rain forest climate, tropical monsoon climate, Mediterranean climate and alpine plateau climate.

Tropical monsoon climate

[main features] High temperature throughout the year, rainy summer, dry and rainy two seasons.

[distribution] it is distributed on the east coast of the mainland between 10 °and 25 °N, mainly in southern Taiwan, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, Indo-China Peninsula, most of the Indian Peninsula and the Philippines. In addition, it is also distributed in the northern coastal zone of the Australian mainland.

[cause of formation] the thermal difference between land and sea and the seasonal movement of the wind belt in the barometric zone.

[vegetation type] evergreen broad-leaved forest, rice.

[animal representatives] Asian elephants, peacocks, etc.

Mediterranean climate

[main features] hot and dry in summer and mild and rainy in winter.

[distribution] is distributed on the west coast of the continent at subtropical latitudes, about 30-40 °latitude, and the west coast of the continent, including the Mediterranean coast, the coast of California in the United States, the central coast of Chile in South America, the southern tip of South Africa and the southern tip of Australia.

[cause of formation] westerly belt and subtropical high pressure are controlled alternately.

[vegetation type] subtropical evergreen hardleaf forest (grape, olive, etc.).

[animal representative] civet, Alpine goat, etc.

Subtropical monsoon climate

[main features] High temperature and rainy in summer and mild and little rain in winter.

[distribution area] is distributed on the east bank of the subtropical continent at latitude 25 °35 °north and south, mainly in the Qinling Mountains in eastern China, south of the Huaihe River, north of the tropical monsoon climate, as well as southern Japan and the southern Korean Peninsula.

[cause of formation] Thermal differences between land and sea.

[vegetation type] subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (rice, citrus, tea, etc.).

[animal representatives] Giant pandas, golden monkeys, etc.

Temperate continental climate

[main features] Cold in winter and hot in summer, large annual temperature difference, concentrated precipitation, four distinct seasons, less annual rainfall and strong continental climate.

[distribution area] is mainly distributed in the central part of Asia and North America at 35-50 °N latitude.

[cause of formation] it is far away from the sea and has a high latitude.

[vegetation type] Natural vegetation transits from south to north, from temperate desert and temperate steppe to coniferous forest in subcold zone.

[animal representatives] Bactrian camels, yellow sheep, black bears, etc. Abstract: there are no specific latitude regional restrictions on climate types, the world can be roughly divided into 11 types: polar climate, temperate continental climate, temperate marine climate, temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical desert climate, savanna climate, tropical rain forest climate, tropical monsoon climate, Mediterranean climate and alpine plateau climate.

Temperate marine climate

[main features] it is warm in winter and cool in summer, with average precipitation.

[distribution area] is distributed on the west coast of the continent between latitude 40-65 °, and in a small part of northwest Europe, the Pacific coast of Canada, southern Chile, southeastern Australia, New Zealand and so on.

[cause of formation] it is controlled by westerly winds in mid-latitudes all the year round.

[vegetation type] temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest.

[animal representative] nose antelope.

Temperate monsoon climate

[main features] hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter.

[distribution area] the eastern coast of Eurasian continent at latitude 35-50 °N, including the area north of the Qinling-Huaihe River in eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, northern Japan and the southern part of the Russian far East.

[cause of formation] there are differences in thermodynamic properties between land and sea.

[vegetation type] deciduous broad-leaved forest.

[animal representatives] squirrels, sika deer, etc.

Alpine plateau climate

[main features] High altitude and low temperature.

[distribution area] it is mainly distributed in high mountains and plateaus, such as the Himalayas, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Andes of South America and so on.

[cause of formation] the influence of height and mountain topography.

[vegetation type] Natural vegetation is vertically distributed with different elevations.

[animal representatives] Tibetan antelope, Tibetan goat, yak, etc.

Polar Climate

[main features] it is cold and dry all the year round, including ice sheet climate and tundra climate.

[distribution] the tundra climate occurs in Eurasia and the northern coast of North America, while the ice sheet climate occurs in Antarctica, Greenland and some islands in the Arctic Ocean.

[cause of formation] the influence of high latitude.

[vegetation type] the vegetation is mainly tundra landscape, including moss, lichens, shrubs and other hardy plants.

[animal representatives] Polar bears, penguins, etc.